五个杨树无性系冬季水分关系的研究

引言在世界杨树人工林中,黑杨派的面积约占90%以上。从五十年代后期,我国陆续从国外引进许多黑杨派的无性系,如Ⅰ—214杨,沙兰杨、P-15A、I-69杨、I-72杨、I-63杨和I-45杨等,并巳成为我国华北、中原和南方平原地区的主要栽培品种。然而,多年实践证明,许多黑杨派无性系的造林成活率较低。据调查,河北省卢龙县1979年秋至1980年春,分别在16个地点栽植了5万株沙杨,平均成活率只有10.1%;南方型的黑杨派无性系,据孟昭和同志的资料,I-214杨的造林成活率为100%时,I-72杨为59.4%,I-69杨为     

黑杨派杨树新无性系物候期及生物学特性观测研究

对黑杨派杨树I-63杨和I-69杨人工杂交获得的优良单株LH04-13,以I-69杨、I-63杨、南林895、中石7号杨等为对照营建试验林,观测研究各无性系萌芽展叶、生长、封顶落叶、开花结实等物侯期及生物学特性适应性、抗逆性等,以期为杨树无性系的选育及造林推广提供理论依据。     

18个杨树品系湖区对比试验初报

全国各地的杨树良种在洞庭湖区蜂拥而至的情况下,选择6个南方型黑杨、7个北方型黑杨、3个三倍体毛白杨以及由湖南省林业科学院等单位培育的2个湘林美洲黑杨新无性系,在洞庭湖垸内进行不同杨树品系的对比试验。根据5年生杨树的生长量分析,初步显示湘林-77、湘林-90两个新无性系最具生长优势,可在湖区推广应用;南林-1388、南林-895、转抗杨、南林-351、鲁山杨（辽宁杨）、南林-95杨6个黑杨派南方型无性系可作一般性生产用种在湖区应用;欧美杨108等7个黑杨派北方型无性系、白杨派3个三倍体毛白杨无性系5年生的材积仅为南林-95杨的54．7％-12．9％,不宜在湖区推广应用。     

杨树优良无性系介绍

浙江省林业科学研究院经过10年的引种试验,优选出3个适合浙江省发展的优良杨树新无性系—T-20杨、T1杨和102/74杨。 T20杨和T1杨系是从南京林业大学王明庥院士选育的15个南方型杨树无性系中优选出的优良无性系,1994年引入浙江省桐庐县试种;1024/74杨原产意大利,从山东省引进试种。经引种试验,3个无性系具有成活率高、生长快、抗性强等特点,当年生扦插苗高达到4 ~ 5m,胸径2cm,造林成活率普遍达到99%以上,4m?m的8年生杨树林分平均胸径达到30cm、树高16m以上,超过对照I-69杨30%以上,比35/66杨高10%以上。 3个无性系均表现出很强的抗性,在试验…     

杨树人工林叶营养元素季节性变化的研究

对I-69杨和I-72杨2个杨树无性系人工林叶片营养元素的含量及季节性变化进行了研究,结果表明叶中N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Cu、Fe、Zn的含量随季节的变化而发生显著的变化。各营养元素的变化幅度分别为82 6%、82 2%、84 9%、94 2%、90 4%、84 6%、79 1%和91 2%。2个无性系叶片中常量元素的含量及变化规律相近似,而微量元素的含量及变化呈现不同的规律。     

鲁林9号、鲁林16号杨树新品种生长节律研究

为研究鲁林9号、鲁林16号杨树新品种的生长特性,为育苗和造林提供理论指导,以鲁林9号、鲁林16号及对照I-108杨1年生扦插苗为研究对象,利用Logistic方程对3个杨树无性系的苗高、胸径的生长节律进行拟合并对叶片的生长特性进行了研究。结果表明:利用Logistic方程拟合效果显著,相关系数皆在0.99以上,并以此将各无性系的年生长过程划分为成活期、生长前期、速生期和生长后期4个时期。鲁林9号杨和鲁林16号杨速生期持续时间长于I-108杨,速生期内的苗高生长量占总生长量的比率达到63%,地径生长量占总生长量的比率最达66%,地径进入速生期的时间早于苗高。鲁林9号杨和鲁林16号杨单叶生物量的累积量大,相对含水量高,对光能的利用能力强。对2个杨树新品种年生长规律及生长特性的研究,为加强林木生产管理提供了理论依据。     

中辽1号杨在辽宁地区引种研究

对20世纪末新引进到辽宁并经初选的12个杨树无性系进行了引种试验研究,通过无性系多点生长对比试验、室内外物候观测、对杨干象抗性评价和材性测试等,筛选出生长快、适应强的杨树新品种中辽1号杨,其材积生长量分别超过当地对照种辽宁杨、沙兰杨、荷兰3930杨和I-214杨14.8%~68.1%。其生长进程中高生长最快期是在5~6年生,连年生长量最大数值达到3.6 m;胸径生长最快期是在3~5年生,连年生长量最大数值达到6.34 cm。而且干型好、材质优良,对杨干象有相对较强的抗性,可作为新品种在其适生区大面积推广。     

意大利新选育的杨树无性系

本材料是意大利向国际杨树委员会1975年召开的第十五次会议上的报告,下述无性系中的一些品系尚在试验阶段,有些已用于生产。 1964年,Marssonina brunnea真菌传入意大利后,造成严重的杨树叶病害;因而希望能选育出一批有抗病能力的杨树无性系,这是因为,虽然化学防治病害效果明显,但对一些感性强的品系危害太大,在选育中也要考虑到对其他病害的抗性及所有特点,使无性系更利于生长。这里介绍的无性系有: a.北美杨(Populus deltordes)无性系: I-63/51、I 72/51、I 77/51和I-69/55; b.与本树种密切相关的杂交杨:I-72/58; c.欧美杂交杨(加拿大型):I-BL、ICB2和I-37/61;     

杨树纸浆材无性系生长规律及造纸特性研究

通过试验 ,对杨树无性系BT17、I-69、10 7杨的生长规律及造纸特性进行了分析研究。研究表明 :各无性系之间胸径、树高连年生长量差异不大 ,而年度间生长差异明显。 5年生时材积生长仍处于加速阶段 ,均未达到数量成熟龄。此时单株材积大小是 :BT17杨 >I -69杨 >10 7杨。密度对林分树高生长影响不大 ;对胸径和单株材积的影响显著。研究发现 :纤维长度从底部园盘到梢部圆盘逐渐减小。BT17的综纤维素、a -纤维素的含量最高 ,而木质素、灰份、1%NaOH抽出物的含量低于I-69杨、10 7杨。各无性系的造纸适宜性排序为BT17杨、I -69杨、10 7杨。     

对安庆地区营造杨树的几点建议

随着现代森工企业对木材原材料的需求越来越大,各地都在大力营造速生丰产林,在安庆地区杨树因其速生而被大力推广。但在营造过程中存在一些实际问题,现提出几点建议。一、品种选择多年观测表明,安庆地区是南方型杨树品种最适宜栽培区。目前,安庆地区栽培面积最大的品种是I-69、I-72杨,但由于这两个品种栽培的时间较长,品种已经退化,黑心的现象很多。南林大引进南林95杨、南林895杨生长较好,发展潜力较大,应成为目前安庆地区杨树栽培品种的首选。但目前炒得比较热的杨树如辽河杨、天演杨、华林杨、中林46、107、108等属于北方品     

滩地杨树立地指数表的编制

在洞庭湖区垸内、外滩地Ⅰ－７２、Ⅰ－６９、Ⅰ－６３杨混系造林的杨树林地不分品系收集样地９９块、解析木材料５０株,选用Ｈ＝Ｍ（１Ｌｅ＾－ＫＡ）公式为树高曲线方程,基准年龄６年,指数级距２ｍ,指数级７个（１０－２２ｍ）,采用树高相对值法导出各指数级各年龄树高值,编制出湖区垸内、外滩地３个南方型黑杨无性系及其混系造林林分均适用的立地指数表。     

马鞍山江滩3个杨树无性系的生长比较

对安徽省马鞍山市长江滩地8年生的Ⅰ-72、Ⅰ-69和中林46计3种杨树无性系混交林进行了调查。结果表明,中林46杨的胸径、树高和材积生长量均明显小于Ⅰ-72杨和Ⅰ-69杨。8年生的中林46杨平均材积只有0.199m3/株,Ⅰ-72杨和Ⅰ-69杨的平均材积分别是0.499 m3/株和0.360 m3/株。Ⅰ-72杨的胸径明显大于Ⅰ-69杨,但树高差异很小。就以上3种杨树无性系而言,中林46杨不宜在长江滩地上进行造林;Ⅰ-72杨和Ⅰ-69杨较适宜,尤其是在大株行距造林中,采用Ⅰ-72杨则更容易培育大径材。     

海滨湿地杨树、柳树新无性系苗期耐盐性研究

在海滨湿地分别4个盐度梯度，12种杨树、柳树新无性系田间扦插试验结果表明：在苗期，不同杨树、柳树无性系的成活率、保存率、生长量等均与土壤含盐量呈负相关；在出苗期的耐盐能力，1-74杨、1-69杨可达0．241％，35杨为0．188％，J30-16、J35-13、J4-34、J31-17柳为0．089％，其余5个柳树无性系均在0．060％以下；在苗木生长期，其耐盐极限分别为0．343％，0．333％和0．201％。     

Introduction and Selection of Poplar S307-26 and PE-19-66 in Shandong Province

18 clones of Populus deltoides and P. x euramericana were introduced from Italy, Turkey and domestic in 1986 and 1987 with the agreement of FAO. A completely random block design was applied and the seedling test and controlled afforestation trials had been held at Jinan City, Gaotang County and Juxian County, Shandong Province respectively. The results showed that two clones, namely S307-26 (P. deltoides cv.‘S307-26‘) and PE-19-66 (P. deltoides cv.‘PE-19-66’) performed well both in terms of adaptability and growth characteristics. The mean growth volumes (V) of single tree of S307-26 and PE-19-66 were 0.181 2 m3 and 0.164 9 m^3, which were 42.0 % and 29.2 % larger than that of I-69 (P. deltoides cv.‘Lux‘ 1-69/55 ) (CK), respectively, at the age of 5years at three experimental sites. Results of variance analyses and T test (LSD) for variables showed that above mentioned two clones were significantly different with 1-69 (CK). Further analyses found that both clones could be propagated easily and showed high resistance to poplar diseases, pests, drought, cold as well as strong wind, and had long growing period. Furthermore, mechanical properties were also better and fiber length was longer than that of 1-69 (CK). It was concluded that both S307-26 and PE-19-66 were ideal varieties for the establishment of fast growing poplar plantations, especially of the wood pulp forest plantations in the region.     

A reduced growth model based on stand basal area. A case for hybrid poplar plantations in northeast Spain

Whole-stand models normally require data on initial stand basal area and dominant height. Dominant height measurements are time-consuming and often imprecise, compromising subsequent predictions. Poplar plantations provide a special case where basal area correlates with site index; a whole-stand model could thus be based on stand basal area. We report a static model constructed by the generalized algebraic difference approach (GADA) for poplar plantations for three different hybrid poplars (Populus × euramericana (Dode) Guinier “I-214”, “MC”, and “Luisa Avanzo”) in northeast Spain. The transition function was based on current stand basal area and was fitted with data from 158 permanent plots ranging from 1- to 17-year-old plantations. Merchantable stand volume was estimated by a volume equation where height was predicted by a height–basal area relationship based on 458 temporary plots. The model differences between clones were compared using the nonlinear extra sum of squares method. Significant differences were detected, while Luisa Avanzo presented the highest merchantable volume at the end of the rotation. Errors in basal area predictions were below 20% within 6 years in the case of Luisa Avanzo and MC clones, and within 3 years in the case of I-214. Our research showed that satisfactory predictions can be obtained using GADA with a single transition function based on an easily measurable variable such as stand basal area.     

杨树生长的密度效应与数量成熟研究

在洞庭湖平原区采用南抗杨树无性系进行的8种不同密度造林试验,试验结果显示胸径生长于5年生、树高生长于8年生以后在不同造林密度间均具显著差异,其变化规律是胸径、树高生长均随造林密度的增加而降低,表明林木此时的生长已开始受制于单株营养面积之不足。根据材积的连年生长量曲线和平均生长量曲线交汇情况,8种造林密度杨树林分的经营目标可分为两大类型:一是单株营养面积为8~16 m2造林密度的数量成熟为7~9年,所获材种为20 cm以下纸浆材、纤维板材等;二是单株营养面积为24~36 m2造林密度的数量成熟在10年以上,可培育26 cm以上大径材。     

Field test of new poplar clone in Shangdong Province

Poplar is one of the dominant tree species for the establishment of fast growing plantations in Shandong Province.Eighteen poplar clones belonging to Populus aigeiros section were introduced from Italy, Turkey and domestic regions. Populus deltoides cv. ‘Lux‘ 1-69/55 (1-69), which was widely used in Shandong Province, China, was taken as control clone (1-69).Following a randomized complete block design, seedling test and controlled afforestation trials were carried out at Juxian County,Caoxian County and Laiyang City. The results showed that the poplar clone (Populus x euramericana cv. ‘102/74‘), namely 102/74, performed well both in terms of adaptability and growth rate. The mean height of 13.9 m (H), diameter at breast height of 18.0 cm (DBH) and volume growth of 0.1445 m3 (V) were 2.2 %, 21.6% and 52.9% higher than those of 1-69 (CK), respectively,at the age of 5 years at three experimental sites. Moreover, the clone can be propagated easily and showed high resistance to poplar disease, pest as well as salinity and had longer growing period. Furthermore, wood basic density and fiber length of new poplar clone (102/74) were as same as 1-69 (CK). It was concluded that the selected clone (102/74) was ideal for the estab-lishment of fast-growing poplar plantations, especially for the pulpwood plantations in Shandong Province.     

洞庭湖区欧美杨无性系选优试验研究

对16个杨树无性系树高、胸径、冠幅等指标进行了测量,也对周期性生长量变化作了测量,同时对杨树无性系的健康状况进行了调查。结果表明：在不同区域,16个欧美杨的成活率均值为54.87%;16个欧美杨在6个栽培区域地径和树高差异不大,除了11116和116地径差异波动较大,其他各无性系在地径和树高方面波动差异均不明显;通过试验处理及调查不同区域中16个欧美杨所表现的成活率、地径、树高、叶子病概率、溃疡病概率和木穴病概率特性,80号、1190号、131号、1233号、1171号、1227号、276号、11116号、139号和116号为杨树优良品种可作为进一步选育的材料。