Improvement of three popular Indian groundnut varieties for foliar disease resistance and high oleic acid using SSR markers and SNP array in marker-assisted backcrossing

Foliar fungal diseases(rust and late leaf spot)incur large yield losses,in addition to the deterioration of fodder quality in groundnut worldwide.High oleic acid has emerged as a key market trait in groundnut,as it increases the shelf life of the produce/products in addition to providing health benefits to consumers.Marker-assisted backcrossing(MABC)is the most successful approach to introgressing or pyramiding one or more traits using traitlinked markers.We used MABC to improve three popular Indian cultivars(GJG 9,GG 20,and GJGHPS 1)for foliar disease resistance(FDR)and high oleic acid content.A total of 22 BC3F4 and 30 BC2F4 introgression lines(ILs)for FDR and 46 BC3F4 and 41 BC2F4 ILs for high oleic acid were developed.Recurrent parent genome analysis using the 58 K Axiom_Arachis array identified several lines showing upto 94%of genome recovery among second and third backcross progenies.Phenotyping of these ILs revealed FDR scores comparable to the resistant parent,GPBD 4,and ILs with high(~80%)oleic acid in addition to high genome recovery.These ILs provide further opportunities for pyramiding FDR and high oleic acid in all three genetic backgrounds as well as for conducting multi-location yield trials for further evaluation and release for cultivation in target regions of India.     

Seed filling dynamic traits of oil flax in response to nitrogen and phosphorus

Crop yield is primarily seed-filling-limited in production system under field conditions.This study was aimed to determine whether seed filling traits of oil flax(Linum usitatissimum L.)could be controlled by phosphorus(P),nitrogen(N),and phosphorus and nitrogen(NP)supply.Effects on seed filling traits were investigated in 2 years including capsule diameter,capsule height,capsule dry matter(DM),seed DM per capsule,pericarp DM per capsule,protein content and oil content.DM translocation from pericarps to seed,translocation efficiency,and contribution of photoassimilates during seed filling period were also detected.In a randomized complete block design,cultivar'Longyaza 1'was grown under P(33 kg P/ha),N(75 kg N/ha),and NP(33 kg P/ha and 75 kg N/ha)along with a zerofertilizer(CK)treatment in 2013 and 2014.Results suggested that DM translocation efficiency and contribution efficiency increased to different extent due to P,N or NP application.At 42 DAA(days after anthesis),seed DM per capsule reached the greatest,while protein content and pericarp DM obtained the least level.However,the highest oil content was detected at 35 DAA.A significant positive linear relationship was observed between seed DM,capsule DM and DM translocation in both years.Protein content showed inconsistent relation with oil content.The results indicated that appropriate N and P management could be an effective approach to increase oil flax production.     

Ustilaginoidea virens: A Fungus Infects Rice Flower and Threats World Rice Production

Rice false smut disease, which is caused by the fungus Ustilaginoidea virens, is currently one of the most devastating rice fungal diseases in the world. Rice false smut disease not only causes severe yield loss and grain quality reduction, but also threatens food safety due to its production of mycotoxins. In this review, the most recent progresses regarding the life cycle, infection processes, genome and genetic diversity, pathogenic gene and disease resistance in rice were summarized in order to provide theoretical basis for the control of U. virens. We also proposed some future directions and key questions that need to be addressed for a better understanding of the molecular mechanism that leads to rice false smut disease and the prospects for sustainable control of rice false smut.     

广东:第十届广州国际茶文化节暨2009中国(广州)国际茶业博览会隆重开幕

本刊讯11月26日,第十届广州国际茶文化节、2009中国(广州)国际茶业博览会在广州琶洲中洲商务展示中心隆重举行开幕式。原中共中央政治局委员、全国政协副主席杨汝岱,中华全国供销合作总     

今年铁观音春茶特点和市场走势的几点启发

五月的安溪大地,蛰伏着一股巨大力量,来自全国各地的茶商云集,表面被春雨挡住步伐,但一坐下来就是满腹的茶经;我有幸成为其中一员,八年从事茶行业,让我越来越淡定,我想这是茶力量的觉醒,因而我若有所思……     

征订启事

1)本刊2011年杂志仍可订阅,年价48元,如需挂号邮寄,每订户全年另加挂号费18元。2)本刊1996—2010年合订本有售,单价(含邮费)分别为:1996,1997,1998和1999年各25元,2000,2001和2002年各30元,2003,2004和2005年各40元,2006,2007,2008,2009和2010年各60元。     

世界主要产茶国及全球茶园总面积(续)

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茶中有孝道,一品人间情

白茶总是弥漫着神秘的气息,卓剑舟在《太姥山全志》中解释:今呼为白毫,香色俱绝,而尤以鸿雪洞产者为最。性寒凉,功同犀角,为麻疹圣药。这棵长     

2010年西湖龙井新茶价格预计总体平稳

最近,有媒体报道2010年西湖龙井新茶价格将出现上涨,每斤将有200到1000元不等的涨幅,不少人看到新闻后惊呼这西湖龙井喝不起了。为此,本刊电话联系采访了浙江省茶叶产业协会秘书长胡迪钧,他对这样的报道表示吃惊,他说近几年西湖龙井新茶上市之初,除了个别企业     

智慧成就机遇 远见拓展未来——解读肖文华和闽茶奇葩华祥苑

2008年11月,是华祥苑茗茶丰收的一个月。在第四届中国茶业经济年会上,华祥苑不但继续蝉联百强,董事长肖文华行业"投名状"被评选为2008中国茶叶行业年度经济人物:在产品上,华祥苑     

Identification and Genetic Analysis of Fertility Restoration Ability in Dongxiang Wild Rice(Oryza rufipogon)

Two populations of Dongxiang wild rice(Oryza rufipogon),Shuitaoshu and Dongtangshang,were crossed with five male sterile rice lines with different cytoplasmic backgrounds(B06S,Zhenshan 97A,Xieqingzao A,Zhong 9A,and Yuetai A),and the seed setting rate of the F1 was used to judge the fertility restoration ability in the Dongxiang wild rice.With P1.F1,P2,and F2 populations as materials,the Akaike's Information Criterion(AIC)was used to identify the major genes affecting quantitative traits,and when the major genes existed,the genetic effects of the major gene and the polygene and their genetic variance were estimated through segregation analysis.The seed setting rates of the F1 generation varied from 45.98%to 76.57%,suggesting that the Dongxiang wild rice had the fertility restoration ability.One major gone plus polygene mixed inheritance model was the most fitted genetic model for this trait in all the F2 populations.The heritability values of the major genes varied from 56.63%to 88.29%and those of the polygenes from 2.74%to 30.97%,and the total heritability values were from 63.1 7%to 94.01%.The major gone inheritance of the combination Zhong 9A/Dongtangshang was controlled by the additive effect without dominant effect,and the other nine combinations were by the completely dominant inheritance.     

东乡野生稻育性恢复性的鉴定与遗传分析

以东乡野生稻水桃树、东塘上2个居群与不同细胞质来源的5个水稻不育系(B06S、珍汕97A、协青早A、中97A和粤泰A）配组,根据F1结实率的高低对东乡野生稻育性恢复性进行鉴定。建立了10个组合的P1、F1、P2、F2群体,利用混合模型理论的Akaike信息准则(AIC),在F2代中鉴定影响数量性状的主基因存在与否,主基因存在时通过分离分析估计主基因和微效基因的遗传效应以及所占总变异的分量。F1代的结实率变化范围为45.98%~76.57%,表明东乡野生稻具有一定的育性恢复性。F2代中该性状符合1对主基因+多基因的遗传模式,主基因遗传率为56.63%~88.29%,多基因遗传率为2.74%~30.97%,总基因型遗传率为63.17%~94.01%。中9A /东塘上居群杂交组合的F2代中,主基因是加性遗传,无显性效应,其他9个组合主基因是完全显性遗传。     

F型小麦雄性不育系育性的遗传分析

F型不育系（FA）是我国近年来新选育的普通小麦细胞质的CMS型不育系,为确定FA育性基因的遗传模型,采用植物数量性状主基因+多基因遗传模型的5世代联合分析方法,以FA/临汾3158、FA/冬81、FA/HB-7三个杂交组合的P₁、P₂、F₁、F₂群体和FA/HB-7的F_2:3群体为试材,分析了FA育性的遗传特性和遗传效应。结果表明,FA育性受2对加性-显性-上位性主基因和加性-显性多对微效基因共同控制,基因互作效应明显。三个F₂群体结实率的主基因遗传率为50.58%~71.77%,多基因遗传率为0~45.58%,环境遗传效应值为3.84%~44.12%;三个F₂群体结实小穗率的主基因遗传率为52.35%~66.36%,多基因遗传率为0~17.77%,环境遗传效应值为25.70%~47.65%。FA/HB-7的F_2:3群体育性在北京、南阳两地的主基因遗传率相差较大,北京、南阳结实率和结实小穗率的主基因遗传率分别为7.50%和5.45%、90.89%和77.83%,多基因遗传率均为0.00%。FA育性以主基因遗传为主,但环境对性状的影响较大,推测FA育性可能具有一定的环境诱导效应。研究结果为进一步改良和利用FA及其杂种优势利用奠定了基础。     

玉米穗上叶与主茎夹角性状的数量遗传研究

以两个株型不同的玉米自交系自330和PH4CV构成的6世代群体为试验材料,利用量角器测定玉米穗上叶基部与主茎自然夹角角度。通过P1、P2、F1、F2、B1和B26个世代联合分析法,研究玉米穗上叶与主茎夹角性状的基因遗传分离规律。结果表明,该性状在F2分离世代群体呈多峰分布,B1和B2群体分离世代呈双峰分布,说明玉米穗上叶与主茎夹角性状遗传由多基因数量性状控制,且符合一对加-显主基因+加-显-上位性多基因遗传模型(即D模型),主基因遗传率为27.55%～52.60%,多基因遗传率为47.40%～72.45%,两者在后代遗传方面都具有重要作用。     

玉米雄穗抽雄至散粉间隔时间主基因+多基因遗传模型及遗传效应

以短抽雄至散粉间隔时间玉米自交系WZ08X38和长抽雄至散粉间隔时间玉米自交系BS1074杂交获得的6个世代(P_1、P_2、F_1、B_1、B_2和F_2)株系为材料,应用植物数量性状主基因+多基因遗传模型,对玉米抽雄至散粉间隔时间进行遗传分析。结果表明,春播和夏播玉米的抽雄至散粉间隔时间的最适遗传模型分别是E-0和E-3,即2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因和2对加性主基因+加性-显性多基因。春播结果中,2对主基因加性效应值均为-0.831,显性效应值分别是-0.679和-0.025,主基因遗传率在B_1、B_2和F_2中分别为40.955%、60.657%和52.325%,多基因遗传率分别为0.002%、14.298%和25.642%,环境方差占表型方差的比例分别为59.03%、25.03%和22.02%;夏播结果中,2对主基因加性效应值分别为0.180和-0.651,主基因遗传率在B_1、B_2和F_2中分别是27.295%、26.997%和39.052%,多基因遗传率分别为0.001%、0.001%和0.001%,环境方差占表型方差的比例分别为72.74%、72.95%和60.91%。     

玉米品种通育189的雄穗分枝数F1平均优势及遗传分析

针对PH6WC、PH4CV、B20、D1279及PH6WC×PH4CV、PH6WC×B20、PH6WC×D1279、D1279×PH6WC鉴定试验进行雄穗分枝数差异分析,PH6WC×D1279(通育189)组建6世代群体(P₁、P₂、F₁、B₁、B₂、F₂),运用主-多基因混合模型遗传分析方法对雄穗分枝数遗传进行分析。结果表明,通育189雄穗分枝数存在细胞质遗传效应,F₁雄穗分枝数平均优势为28.57%～132.41%;雄穗分枝数遗传模型为2对主基因加、显、上+多基因加、显混合模型,2对主基因为正向完全显性,主基因上位性效应>显性效应>加性效应;主基因效应是多基因效应的41.25倍,主基因遗传率为27.58%～88.87%,多基因遗传率为0～41.78%。     

玉米粒深性状的数量遗传分析

以两个粒深不同的玉米自交系PHBIM和丹340构成的P₁、F₁、P₂、B₁、B₂和F₂ 6个世代群体为材料,运用主基因与多基因遗传分析方法,研究玉米粒深性状主基因+多基因遗传规律。结果表明,该性状在B₁分离世代群体呈双峰分布,B₂和F₂分离世代群体呈多峰分布,说明玉米粒深性状属于数量性状,由主基因和多基因控制,且符合两对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因模型（即E-1-0模型）,主基因遗传率为56.16%～62.46%,多基因遗传率为11.72%～16.24%,主基因作用对后代遗传方面影响较大。     

玉米茎秆抗倒伏相关性状的遗传效应分析

利用主基因+多基因混合遗传多世代联合分析的方法,对玉米自交系K12和A7110组配的正反交组合进行6个世代(P1、P2、F1、B1、B2、F2)联合分析.结果表明,茎粗正交组合中的最适模型为D-1模型(1对加性-显性主基因+加性-显性多基因),茎粗的反交组合的最适模型均为E-1模型(2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-...     

玉米子粒油分含量的遗传模型分析

玉米子粒油分含量直接影响着深加工品质,研究子粒油分含量的遗传模型,可以为遗传育种中进一步提高玉米油分含量提供参考。以3个玉米组合济533/PH6WC、济533/H5818和2394/PH4CV的亲本构建各自的六世代群体(P1、P2、F_1、B1、B2、F_2),利用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分析玉米子粒油分含量的遗传特性。结果表明,3个组合油分含量均符合D-2模型(1对加性主基因+加性-显性多基因模型),主基因+多基因遗传率均以F_2代较高,表明玉米子粒油分特性在F_2世代选择时效率较高。     

小麦农艺性状的主基因+多基因遗传分析

为明确小麦重要农艺性状的遗传组成,并筛选适于QTL的性状,以西农817和中国春为亲本,构建F2、F3群体,采用P1、P2、F1、F2、F3五世代联合分析方法,研究了株高、有效分蘖、小穗数、穗粒数、穗长、穗下节间距、小穗着生密度等产量相关性状的遗传模型.结果表明,7个性状不仅受基因的控制,同时也受到不同程度的环境影响.其中,穗长、穗粒数符合多基因遗传模型,无主基因存在;株高、小穗数、小穗着生密度符合一对加显性主基因+加性-显性多基因混合遗传模型;穗下节间距符合一对完全显性主基因+加性-显性多基因模型;有效分蘖符合一对负向完全显性主基因+加性-显性多基因模型.