四种豆子中大豆异黄酮含量比较研究

研究不同波长、不同乙醇浓度、实验室条件等对大豆异黄酮测定的影响,并通过试验找出利用紫外分光光度法测定的最佳条件,测定提取的黄豆、红豆、绿豆、黑豆中的大豆异黄酮的含量,并对其含量加以比较.     

紫外辐射对大豆异黄酮含量变化的影响

研究了UV-B强度增加对大豆异黄酮含量变化的影响,建立高效液相色谱检测方法用于大豆异黄酮的检测.大豆植株经不同辐照度UV-B辐射后,收获成熟籽粒,超声波振荡法提取大豆异黄酮,采用BDS Hypersil C18柱,以含甲醇:0.4%磷酸(30:70,v/v)洗脱,DAD254 nm检测,内标法定量.结果显示大豆在180 mw·m-2UV-B处理后出现了不同程度的伤害,大豆异黄酮含量明显降低,其中Daidzin、Glycitin、Genistin和Daidzein含量分别比对照降低4.5%、8.6%、1.1%和11.4%,且具有较好的相关性.     

高效液相色谱法( HPLC)测定大豆异黄酮含量的研究

建立检测大豆异黄酮5种组分(染料木素、染料木苷、大豆苷元、大豆苷和黄豆黄苷)含量的高效液相色谱法,并且测定了大豆各组织和不同时期胚的异黄酮含量.色谱条件:Phenomenex C18色谱柱(150mm×4.6mm,5.0 μm);流动相:甲醇-水(30∶70,v/v);流速:1 mL· min-1,检测波长:254nm...     

紫外分光光度法测定大豆总异黄酮的含量

建立了测定大豆提取物及以大豆展品黄酮为原料的保健食品中大豆总异黄酮的紫外分光光度法.以染料木素为标准品,优选出325nm为测量波长,以染料木素计量试样中的大豆总异黄酮.大豆提取物中大豆总异黄酮的含量为38.1%,加标回收率为102.3%;某保健品中大豆总总异黄酮的含量为4.76%,加标回收率为99.8%.方法简便、准确、重现性好,适用于保健品的日常分析和质量控制.     

不同大豆品种籽粒维生素E含量积累比较分析

采用高效液相色谱技术法(HPLC)以东北三省及内蒙古大豆产区的180份种质资源为研究材料,检测其籽粒总维生素E含量及各组分含量,进而分析维生素E总含量及各组分含量间的相关性,选用代表性大豆品种在不同生育时期维生素E积累动态进行分析。结果表明:大豆种质资源籽粒维生素E积累是从R5期开始,初期积累量呈上升趋势,R6期积累量开始大幅度减少,但从R6至R8期积累量又呈现大幅度上升趋势,在R8期积累量趋于稳定。经筛选合丰50和L-21为高维生素E含量品种,黑秣食豆和茶秣食豆为低维生素E含量品种,代表性大豆品种籽粒维生素E含量差异主要体现在R6~R7时期,该时期最终决定代表性大豆品种最终维生素E含量,这为研究高维生素E大豆新品种选育提供了理论基础,同时为高维生素E相关基因位点和候选基因的挖掘奠定了表型鉴定基础。     

紫外分光光度法对大酱中异黄酮总含量的分析比较

以染料木苷为标准品,利用三波长紫外分光光度法对哈尔滨市售的若干大酱产品进行了大豆异黄酮含量的测定.测定结果表明,"香其酱"和"正阳河"的大豆异黄酮平均测定含量较高,分别达到了0.064%和0.068%,而"松岛"的含量较低,仅有0.011%.     

大豆异黄酮的品种间差异分析

直接使用乙醇分离提取大豆异黄酮,并用高效液相色谱技术对8个大豆品种中大豆异黄酮含量进行了品种间差异分析,并对5种异黄酮组分（染料木素、黄豆黄甙、大豆甙、大豆甙元、染料木甙）进行了定量分析。发现品种间的大豆异黄酮和各组分的含量差异显著,黄皮豆的异黄酮含量明显高于其他品种,吉农17异黄酮含量最高,其含量可达6．6‰。     

紫外分光光度法测定大豆中异黄酮的含量

建立一种测定大豆中异黄酮类成分含量的紫外分光光度法分析方法.以染料木素为对照品,利用染料木素与氢氧化钠产生反应,在271 nm波长处有最大吸收峰,用紫外分光光度法测定大豆中总异黄酮的含量.大豆中总异黄酮的含量为4.784 mg/g,加样回收率为100.9%,相对标准偏差为2.0%.方法简便、准确、重现性好,可作为检查大豆中异黄酮的含量的一种手段,适用于大豆及其保健品的日常分析和质量控制.     

施肥、品种及密度对大豆籽粒异黄酮含量的影响

大豆异黄酮由于其特定生理保健功能而受到越来越广泛的关注.2006年进行了砂培试验,用以探索氮、磷、钾肥单因素对大豆籽粒异黄酮含量的影响规律.结果表明:氮肥对大豆籽粒异黄酮总含量有较大影响,低氮处理较高氮处理异黄酮总含量增加54.9%,低氮处理较均衡施肥异黄酮总含量增加23.3%.2007年进行了氮肥施用量、品种与栽培密度3因素田间试验.结果表明:品种、密度、施氮量3项效应及其所有的互作项对大豆籽粒异黄酮总含量与3种组分含量均具有极显著的效应.氮肥施用量对大豆籽粒异黄酮含量的影响规律与砂培试验的结果一致,即大豆籽粒异黄酮总含量随氮肥施用量的增加而降低.不同氮肥施用量、不同密度水平及不同品种间异黄酮总含量的变异幅度为5.97%、10.49%和28.44%.由于单项因素及互作项效应的存在,在进行高低异黄酮大豆栽培生产时,考虑各单项因素的同时也应注意各项因素不同水平的最佳组合.     

高效液相色谱(HPLC)技术检测大豆异黄酮含量

利用高效液相色谱（ＨＰＬＣ）技术分离并测定了大豆中异黄酮各组分含量，建立了快速、有效的分离、检测异黄酮含量的方法。结果显示，异黄酮的最适提取时间是２－３ｈｒ；最适检测波长为２６０ｎｍ；在一定的浓度范围内，标准样品Ｄａｉｄｚｉｎ和Ｇｅｎｉｓｔｉｎ作为异黄酮的检测标准是准确的；提取和检测温度对异黄酮组合含量有很大影响，在８０℃或更高的温度条件下，丙二酰基结合体可水解为相应的甙或甙元的形式。     

High Carbon Requirements for Seed Production in Soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]

Abstract

In soybeans, increase in the dry weight of seed (IWS) during the seed-filling period (SFP) is nearly half that of the whole plant (IWP). Hence, the contributions of assimilate during SFP to seed growth in soybeans is apparently lower than that in other cereal crops. However, analysis of the assimilate budget for seed production based on dry matter could be misleading in soybeans because the carbon (C) contents of seed and that of other organs are different due to the differences in lipid and protein content and respiration loss in each organ results in underestimation of the C contribution to seed production. In field soybeans, irrespective of shading and thinning, IWS/IWP and harvest index (HIW) for dry weight were slightly lower than ICS/ICP and HIC for C, respectively. Of the ¹³C fed at the vegetative stage and early SFP, 3.4% and 16.4%, respectively were accumulated in the seed, 0.9% and 28.2%, respectively, in the pod shell and 26.8% and 37.8%, respectively were respired before maturity. Ninety-six percent of seed C was assimilated during the SFP. Respiratory loss of ¹³C fed at the early SFP was larger than that from ¹³C at the vegetative stage, showing that seed production requires much more C than leaf or stem growth. These results suggest that the difference in C contents between plant organs has little effect on the estimation of assimilate partition into soybean seeds based on dry matter, and high respiration loss for seed growth reduces the partition of dry matter into seeds.     

Root Growth of Two Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] Cultivars Grown under Different Groundwater Level Conditions

Abstract

Soybean yield is low in the fields with a low groundwater level during summer due to drought stress. By raising the groundwater level using Farm-Oriented Enhancing Aquatic System (FOEAS) the yield of soybean cultivar Sachiyutaka can be increased, but not that of Fukuyutaka. Here, we examined the effect of the groundwater level on root growth and its dynamics in these two cultivars. Three of the four experiments demonstrated that root elongation ceased just below groundwater level in both cultivars. However, when the groundwater level was kept at 35 cm or deeper, the root growth at an early growth stage was more vigorous at a deeper layer in Fukuyutaka than in Sachiyutaka, but at the mid-growth stage root growth in Sachiyutaka became similar to or exceeded that of Fukuyutaka. These results indicated that the optimum control technique for the groundwater level differed with the cultivar. The groundwater level for Sachiyutaka should be kept relatively high at an early growth stage. Further studies will be needed to clarify the optimum control technique for maximizing the yield of Fukuyutaka that have a fast root growth at an early growth stage.     

利用ISSR标记进行菜用大豆和普通大豆的分类

ISSR标记技术因具有很高的多肽性而被广泛应用于遗传多样性研究.进行菜用大豆品种多样性研究将有助于育种家进行杂交亲本的合理选配.采用ISSR标记技术对37个菜用大豆品种(系)和13个普通大豆品种(系)进行了分类研究.结果表明:50个ISSR引物中有11个引物没有多肽性,其他39个引物共产生132条谱带,其中81条多肽性谱带,占61.4%.引物扩增的谱带数在l～7条之间,大小为830～3530 bp.每个引物平均扩增的谱带数和多肽性带数分别为3.3和2.1.聚类分析结果表明,可将供试的50个品种划分为3个类组,扁茎大豆Taikadai-zu单独一组,7个普通大豆(多数为中国选育)划归为B组,C组由日本菜用大豆和4个普通大豆组成.C组还可以划分成若干亚组,同一亚组的品种具有相似的性状,比如有一亚组的品种均是褐脐、茶色种皮、白花、不易炸荚.系选的品种和原始品种在分类图中也显示出其密切的亲缘关系.基于ISSR标记的分类可以反映菜用大豆的遗传关系,菜用大豆和普通大豆之间存在遗传多样性,合理保存菜用大豆种质将有助于未来大豆品质改良计划.     

大豆抗旱种质的鉴定及其与根系的关系

从辽宁省主要推广品种中选出20份优异种质资源,依据株高、叶面积指数、茎、叶生物量为指标,采用平均隶属函数值方法鉴定了大豆苗期耐旱性.结果从供试材料中共筛选出大豆生长前期较强耐旱型(2级)品种2个,干旱较敏感型(4级)品种3个,中间型(3级)品种15个.大豆的平均耐旱隶属函数值与干旱胁迫下的相对根表面积、相对根生物量分别...     

植物信号分子对大豆开花与结瘤的协同调控

大豆[Glycine max(L.)Merr.]是世界上重要的粮食和油料作物,其显著的生长特点是营养生长和生殖生长交错时间长,导致以结瘤为代表的营养生长和以开花为代表的生殖生长在物质和能量需求上存在激烈竞争。本文综述了蔗糖、植物激素以及miRNAs等植物信号分子对大豆开花和结瘤调控作用,将有助于理解大豆开花、结瘤的协同调控机制,以期对明确大豆生长发育规律、提高大豆产量提供理论支撑。     

Isoflavonoid Accumulation Pattern as Affected by Shading from Maize in Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) in Relay Strip Intercropping System

Abstract

Soybean is the most common resource of isoflavonoid in human food. Wide development of relay strip intercropped soybean has contributed to the soybean industry in China. Due to the shading from maize, growth and grain production of soybean is reduced. However, whether soybean isoflavonoid accumulation pattern is influenced in the relay strip intercropping system is still unclear. Here, we studied the accumulation patterns of soybean isoflavones in the relay strip intercropping system and sole cropping system at the per-harvest stage. The accumulation patterns of soybean isoflavones at the postharvest stage were also studied. The results indicated that accumulation patterns of soybean isoflavones of all varieties in leaf and seed in the two systems were similar, but the trend was delayed in the relay strip intercropping system compared with the sole cropping system. During the pod filling stage, the total content of isoflavone, M-type isoflavone content, G-type isoflavone content in seed in the relay strip intercropping system were lower than those in the sole cropping system. During the after-ripening period, seed isoflavone content, M-type isoflavone content, G-type isoflavone content in seed increased in both systems, but were higher in the relay strip intercropping system. The temperature and photosynthetically active radiation were significantly lower in relay intercropping than in sole cropping, while relative humidity showed the opposite trend. Path analysis showed that total isoflavone content in leaves and seeds showed a significantly positive correlation with temperature and photosynthetically active radiation, but significantly negative correlation with relative humidity. Correlation analysis between the highest isoflavone content in sole cropping or relay intercropping seeds and agronomic traits revealed a significant positive correlation between the number of both branches and pods with total isoflavone, M-type isoflavone and G-type isoflavone in both systems.     

大豆质核互作雄性不育系NJCMS1A与其保持系NJCMS1B的生理生化特性比较分析

以大豆质核互作雄性不育系NJCMS1A及其保持系NJCMS1B的花芽为试验材料,利用试剂盒法和紫外分光光度计测定分析了糖分含量(可溶性糖和淀粉)和总ATPase、蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶(PEPCK)、抗坏血酸氧化酶(AO)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)以及过氧化物酶(POD)等酶活性的变化情况。结果表明:相较于保持系NJCMS1B,总ATPase、PEPCK、AO和CAT活性在不育系NJCMS1A中显著下降;糖分含量、SPS和SOD活性在不育系NJCMS1A中下降水平不显著;POD活性在不育系NJCMS1A中显著上升。根据结果分析推测,与能量代谢或胁迫响应等相关的物质或酶活性在不育系NJCMS1A中的亏损现象可能是NJCMS1A花粉败育的主要原因。     

菜用大豆与普通大豆产量及品质的比较

研究比较了10个日本菜用大豆和8个辽宁省育成的普通大豆品种的产量和品质.结果表明:日本菜用大豆品种的株高显著矮于辽宁省育成的普通大豆,且抗倒能力也显著强于普通大豆,而且以有限结荚习性居多,籽粒较大,百粒重显著大于普通大豆品种.虽然日本菜用大豆的产量要明显低于辽宁普通大豆的产量,但品质要显著好于辽宁普通大豆,尤其是蛋白质含量,有些品种高达50%.结果还表明:多数菜用大豆的油酸含量较高,平均含量为245 mg·g~(-1),而普通大豆平均含量为238 mg·g~(-1).     

胜红蓟对大豆生长和产量的影响

外来入侵杂草胜红蓟已由南向北入侵到我国长江流域,对众多作物构成威胁。大豆是长江流域重要的作物之一。通过田间小区试验,测定胜红蓟不同密度和不同除草时间对大豆生长和产量的影响。结果表明,各处理胜红蓟对大豆的株高、叶片数和产量没有显著的影响。这说明大豆(台湾毛豆75号)品种对胜红蓟具有较强的竞争力和化感作用。