松毛虫脊茧蜂几种重要感器的扫描电镜观察

松毛虫脊茧蜂Aleiodes esenbeckii(Hartig)是我国松毛虫林业重大害虫的常见重要寄生性天敌.采用扫描电镜技术分别对其触角、下颚须、前足胫节和产卵器上的重要感器形态与超微结构进行系统研究,发现松毛虫脊茧蜂主要有5种类型的感器:板形感器、毛形感器、刺形感器、钟形感器和锥形感器.并对感器的形态和分布特点与其寄主的适应关系进行了分析.     

萧氏松茎象在不同寄主上生态习性研究

本文对不同寄主发生的萧氏松茎象产卵和寿命等情况进行了试验观察和研究,为完善测报和防治技术提供科学依据。     

江西象虫新记录

本文记述了江西象虫新记录40种。可为我省象虫的虫情测报、植物检疫和地理区划等提供资料。现分别列出如下: 1.擦树长足象Alcides sp. 分布:铜鼓、万载、宜春、井岗山。寄主:擦树、樟树、鹅掌楸、深山含笑。简介:一年发生1代,以成虫在寄主上越冬。2.长颈黄斑象Apoderus balterus Roelofs 分布:井岗山。寄主:竹子。     

广东口岸全国首次截获检疫性害虫欧洲苹虎象

<正>2015年4月,广东顺德检验检疫局工作人员在对一批塞尔维亚进境欧洲白蜡木进行检疫时发现虫样,经广东局检验检疫技术中心植检室专家鉴定为欧洲苹虎象(Rhynchites bacchus L.),为全国口岸首次截获该检疫性有害生物。欧洲苹虎象属鞘翅目(Coleoptera),卷象科(Attelabidae),虎象属(Rhynchites)。主要分布欧洲、北非和伊朗北部地区,我国尚无其分布记录。主要以成虫取食碧桃、酸樱桃、杏树、李树、梨属和苹果等寄主     

辽宁省甜菜象虫种类分布及防治研究

甜菜象虫是辽宁省甜菜苗期生产上的重要害虫之一。辽西山地及辽河平原大部分地区适合藜科、苋科和蓼科植物的生长,其中有许多种类为象虫尤其是短喙象亚科(Br-achyderinae)和方喙象亚科(Cleoninae)的寄主植物。当甜菜幼苗出土后,这些象虫从野生寄主和去年甜菜地迁到本年甜菜地,咬食甜菜子叶和幼嫩的真叶,发生严重地块,造成田间缺苗断垄,需要毁种或补种。     

西花蓟马对不同花卉寄主的产卵选择性

为探讨不同寄主对西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis产卵的影响,采用非自由选择法研究了其对黄花美人蕉、黄花槐、凤尾兰及夹竹桃4种寄主的产卵选择性。结果表明,西花蓟马单雌总产卵量在黄花美人蕉的花上最大为77.65,凤尾兰的叶上最小为19.00;日均产卵量在黄花槐的花上最大为2.58,凤尾兰的叶上最小为0.91;净生殖率、内禀增长率和子代雌性比均在黄花美人蕉的花上最大,分别为46.07、0.136和0.74,在凤尾兰的叶上最小,分别为5.94、0.065和0.55。西花蓟马在花上的产卵量等参数显著高于叶,表明其对花的产卵选择性高于叶,对花的产卵选择性依次为黄花美人蕉黄花槐凤尾兰夹竹桃,对叶的产卵选择性为黄花美人蕉≈黄花槐夹竹桃凤尾兰。表明西花蓟马对不同寄主有不同的产卵偏好,对寄主不同部位也有不同偏好。     

仙桃市棉花盲蝽象的发生规律与防控对策

正随着转基因抗虫棉的大面积推广,种植业结构调整,棉田用药次数用药量大幅减少,过去仅在仙桃市局部地区零星发生的次要害虫盲蝽象,其种群数量逐年上升,近几年已成为仙桃市棉花发生最重、为害损失最大的害虫。为此,笔者近几年对仙桃市棉田盲蝽象的发生规律进行了调查和研究,防治方法和防治药剂进行了摸索和试验,提出了科学的综合防控对策,为江汉平原地区棉花盲蝽象的防治提供参考。发生规律种群及寄主盲蝽象属半翅目,盲蝽科,有卵、若虫、成虫     

苜蓿叶象啮小蜂寿命及产卵量的研究

在室内通过对苜蓿叶象啮小蜂Tetrastichus incertus(Ratzeburg)寿命、产卵量的研究发现,苜蓿叶象啮小蜂有较高的产卵量和寄生能力;在不喂食的条件下,苜蓿叶象啮小蜂产卵量最高,单头雌蜂的产卵范围为45粒~209粒,平均117粒,最高日产卵量为31粒;其寿命可达18d,最多可寄生37头寄主;苜蓿叶象啮小蜂与寄主在1:5的情况下寄生率达56.00%,并随着寄主密度的增大,苜蓿叶象啮小蜂的产卵量也有逐渐升高的趋势。     

北京发现洋白蜡新害虫——多孔横沟象 Pimelocerus perforatus (Roelofs)

2017年在北京洋白蜡上发现多孔横沟象Pimelocerus perforatus为害树干,这种象甲在中国分布较广,国内一直用名大粒横沟象Dyscerus cribripennis。本文记述了多孔横沟象的形态特征、寄主、对洋白蜡的为害,讨论了大粒横沟象的学名问题,并提供多孔横沟象的成虫和幼虫期形态(包括雄性外生殖器)、为害状等彩图。     

马铃薯黑胫病菌概述

近几年马铃薯黑胫病菌已成为一些欧洲国家马铃薯黑胫病的主要病源,正对欧洲的马铃薯生产造成威胁。Dickeya solani还可侵染园艺作物(如:风信子),对许多花卉和观赏植物的品质和产量造成很大的影响。应加强对该病菌的检疫,以防该病菌传入国内。本文对马铃薯黑胫病菌的分类地位、寄主、地理分布、危害特征、生物学特征和检疫鉴定特征进行简述,为该病菌检疫鉴定提供参考。     

中国狭螨属种类记述(真螨目:粉螨科)

狭螨属在国内仅知 3个种 ,本文记述该 3种的一般形态特征、在国内的分布、寄主或栖场所等 ,并列出 2种成螨的检索表     

宁夏贺兰山大型真菌的区系地理研究

宁夏贺兰山的大型真菌区系成分十分丰富,具有10种以上的属有4个,含59种,占贺兰山大型真菌总数的27.83%。含有5～10个种的属有10个,含57种,占大型真菌总数的26.89%。5个种以下的有55属,含96种,占总数的45.28%。69个属中世界广布属有18个,北温带分布属有15个。从种的组成上看,世界广布种36个,占总种数的16.98%;北温带分布种有56个,占总种数的26.42%;除此之外还有东亚-北美间断的分布种21个,占总数的9.91%;中国-日本分布种有7个,占总数的3.30%;欧亚大陆分布种17个,占总数的8.02%;这说明宁夏贺兰山的大型真菌区系表现出明显的北温带区系特征。     

杆状病毒新的分类地位和书写方式

2020年10月ICTV更新了主要病毒名录，该文件新增了纳尔达病毒纲Naldaviricetes和勒乏病毒目Lefavirales。勒乏病毒目含中有包括杆状病毒科Baculoviridae在内的3个科，而杆状病毒科分为4个属：甲型杆状病毒属Alphabaculovirus、乙型杆状病毒属Betabaculovirus、丙型杆状病毒属Deltabaculovirus和丁型杆状病毒属Gammabaculovirus，该名录中杆状病毒科有85个主要种。根据ICTV网站病毒名称和种名的书写规范，杆状病毒的种名由其宿主昆虫的种名和病毒特性词（如nucleopolyhedrovirus和granulovirus）组成，其中宿主昆虫的属名首字母大写，其余字母均小写。病毒的种名（在用于系统分类时）书写全部用斜体，但其他情形时病毒名称（包括其宿主的属和种名）均采用正体书写。杆状病毒名称的缩写一般采用宿主属名和种名的前两位双字母＋病毒特性词缩写的方式，但16种传统杆状病毒的缩写仍沿用宿主的属名和种名首位单字母＋病毒特性词的缩写的方式。     

A new hyperapolytic species, Trilocularia eberti sp. n. (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea), from Squalus cf. mitsukurii (Squaliformes: Squalidae) off South Africa with comments on its development and fecundity

A new species of tetraphyllidean cestode in the genus Trilocularia is described from an undescribed shark species, Squalus cf. mitsukurii, off the coast of South Africa. Trilocularia eberti sp. n. is the second known member of its genus, and like its congener, T. gracilis (Olsson, 1866-1867) Olsson, 1869, is extremely hyperapolytic, dropping proglottids from its strobila while they are still very immature. Characteristic of the genus, it possesses a distinctive scolex with triloculated bothridia, but differs conspicuously from its congener in its possession of an anterior loculus that is much larger in width relative to the paired posterior loculi, and also in its possession of an anterior, enlarged region of its free proglottids that is triangular with a slit-like ventral aperture, rather than rounded and cup-like. This anterior region of the free proglottid is used in attachment, and its development is described. For assessment of fecundity, an attempt was made to record all free proglottids of all ages found in both host individuals, and yielded an average estimate of 362 free proglottids being produced per individual worm of T. eberti sp. n. Both Trilocularia species parasitize sharks of the genus Squalus, and given the host specificity typically exhibited by tetraphyllideans and preliminary examinations of other members of this shark genus, it is likely that other Squalus species will be found to host additional new Trilocularia species.     

Neoechinorhynchus (Neoechinorhynchus) zabensis sp. n. (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) from freshwater fish in northern Iraq

Neoechinorhynchus (Neoechinorhynchus) zabensis sp. n. (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae) is described from Capoeta damascina (Valenciennes, 1842) (type host) and Capoeta trutta (Heckel, 1843) in the Greater and Lesser Zab Rivers, northern Iraq. The new species is unique among all other species of the genus by its characteristic paired para-vaginal muscular appendage and fragmented giant nuclei in the lemnisci. Eleven of the other 88 valid species of Neoechinorhynchus and N. zabensis have middle and posterior hooks of equal length. However, N. zabensis is distinguished from the others by size of trunk, proboscis, proboscis hooks and lemnisci, number of giant nuclei, position of female gonopore, and geographical and host distribution. It is also distinguished from six other species of Neoechinorhynchus previously reported from Iraq. Other distinguishing features are also included.     

Incidence of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter europaeus’ and phytoplasmas in Cacopsylla species (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) and their host/shelter plants

Psyllids, as vectors of phloem-restricted plant pathogens, are serious agricultural pests. Fruit tree phytoplasmas are transmitted by different Cacopsylla spp., while other psyllids are known vectors of liberibacters. Recently, the bacterium ??Candidatus Liberibacter europaeus?? was found in pear trees and in Cacopsylla pyri (Linnaeus), the vector of ??Ca. Phytoplasma pyri??. This new species does not cause symptoms in plants and is probably a symbiont rather than a pathogen. Based on these findings and the assumption that ??Ca. Liberibacter europaeus?? is widespread, we studied its distribution in the genus Cacopsylla and in the respective host and shelter plants (where psyllids aestivate and overwinter), as well as its possible co-presence with ??Ca. Phytoplasma?? spp. We tested 14 Cacopsylla species and 11 plant species from northwestern Italy, Hungary and Israel, characterized by warm oceanic, temperate continental and warm Mediterranean climatic conditions, respectively. ??Ca. Liberibacter europaeus?? was common within the Cacopsylla genus, being present in nine of the 14 species screened as well as in most host plants, whereas none of the shelter plants tested positive for this bacterium. Altogether, these findings indicate the presence of ??Ca. Liberibacter europaeus?? in continental zones, whereas it does not seem to be widespread in the Mediterranean region. Furthermore, lack of specific symptoms in all infected plants confirms an endophytic relationship with this bacterium, while its abundance in insects suggests a beneficial role for the host. Co-infections with phytoplasmas, observed in insects and plants, require further study to evaluate the possible interactions between them.     

秆野螟属(Ostrinia)系统进化与分类研究进展

秆野螟属(Ostrinia)昆虫全球分布20种,寄主广泛,在农业生产中具有重要的经济意义。由于该属地理分布广泛,形态特征复杂,寄主和生态区重叠严重,秆野螟属系统发育研究还存在很多问题尚未解决。本文综合中国秆野螟属分类概况,对目前应用于秆野螟属系统发育研究的各种性状,包括形态特征、性信息素(生殖隔离)以及分子水平的研究进展作了阐述,并针对秆野螟属研究内容的复杂性及其研究现状,提出了相关对策。     

新疆粟罂属的研究

罂粟属(Papaver L.)植物是著名的观赏植物,花大,色泽艳丽,姿态优美,是高山植物中引人注目的花卉。本属的许多种早已被引种栽培。同时它在医药上也占有重要的地位,可从中提取多种生物碱。罂粟属是罂粟科的一个大属,属于温带分布属。全世界共有100余种。欧洲有26种;小亚细亚、苏联和西伯利亚约有六七十种;北美有十余种。罂粟属在我国主要分布于东北、华     

新疆乌恰康苏肖尔布拉克自然保护区种子植物区系

经初步查明,新疆乌恰县康苏肖尔布拉克自然保护区计种子植物65科282属635种(含亚种、变种),裸子植物3科3属12种,被子植物62科279属623种。对282属635种种子植物的地理成分分析表明,该地区植物分布区类型有12个型14个变型。其中,北温带分布有95属259种,占该地区植物总属、种数的40.25%和53.40%,表明温带属性是该地区植物区系的基本特点。同时,该地区植物区系与地中海―西亚―中亚及旧世界温带交流最多,其次与热带有一定的交流,而与温带亚洲和东亚交流很少。     

警惕棕榈粗腿豆象入侵

棕榈粗腿豆象(Caryobruchus gleditsiae(L.))是一种严重为害棕榈科植物种子的钻蛀性害虫,原产美洲地区,我国尚无分布记录。该虫寄主广,适应性强,且具有较强的隐蔽性,存在较大的传入风险。本文对该虫的分类地位、寄主、分布、为害特点、生物学特性、形态特征、传播途径等进行了详细介绍,并编制了该属6个种的分类检索表,以期为口岸检疫鉴定提供参考。