珠海口岸全国首次截获坚果异胫小卷蛾

<正>2015年10月,珠海出入境检验检疫局九洲办事处截获了一批旅客携带的南非鲜橙。经技术中心实验室剖检发现蛾类活幼虫,饲养为成虫后,经形态鉴定及分子比对,确认为坚果异胫小卷蛾(Thaumatotibia batrachopa(Meyrick,1908)),该虫为全国口岸首次截获。坚果异形小卷蛾分布于埃塞俄比亚、肯尼亚、马达加斯加、马拉维、南非、津巴布韦等国家,目前我国未有分布报道。其寄主植物主要有:柑橘、番石榴、可乐豆、硬胡桃、海檀木、澳洲坚果、咖啡、圆滑     

基于rDNA ITS序列的苹果异胫小卷蛾的分子鉴定

本文首次测定了苹果异胫小卷蛾(Thaumatotibia leucotreta)、坚果异胫小卷蛾(Thaumatotibia batrachopa)、苹果蠹蛾(Cydia pomonella)、梨小食心虫(Grapholita molesta)等8种卷蛾的r DNA ITS的序列,以探索苹果异胫小卷蛾的分子鉴定方法。8种卷蛾的ITS1和ITS2区序列变异较大,其中ITS1区所分析307个位点中可变位点达到212个,ITS2区则在分析的203个位点中可变位点达到151个。根据8种卷蛾ITS区序列差异,设计了针对苹果异胫小卷蛾的特异性引物,应用特异性引物对样品进行PCR扩增,扩增产物经凝胶电泳分析,结果表明只有苹果异胫小卷蛾的样品有目的 DNA扩增条带,其余卷蛾无扩增条带。灵敏度试验结果显示,最低检测限量可达0.01 ng/μL。因此,采用本文设计的ITS区特异性引物可以对苹果异胫小卷蛾进行快速分子鉴定。     

苹果异胫小卷蛾在中国的适生性分析

苹果异胫小卷蛾是世界范围内重要的检疫性有害生物,目前我国没有发生,但近几年我国口岸已多次截获。本研究利用CLIMEX 1.0适生性分析软件与Arc GIS 10.2地理信息系统软件对苹果异胫小卷蛾在我国目前的潜在地理分布进行预测。研究表明,苹果异胫小卷蛾可能在我国南部地区适生,总的适生面积约为187万km2,占国土面积的19%。高度适生区主要为云南大部分地区、广东、广西、福建、浙江南部等地区,以及这些省份以南的所有地区;中度适生区分布范围较小,低度适生区面积与高度适生区分布范围面积相差不大。鉴于苹果异胫小卷蛾在我国的适生性分析结果,针对其传入和定殖的能力,建议采取相应的有效防控策略,加强苹果异胫小卷蛾检疫力度,严防该有害生物的入侵和传播。     

珠海口岸首次截获南非石竹卷蛾

2015年1月珠海出入境检验检疫局首次从鲜葡萄中截获我国进口南非鲜食苹果议定书中关注的检疫性有害生物——南非石竹卷蛾(Epichoristodes acerbella),本文对该虫的寄主、分布及形态特征进行了详细描述。文中应用DNA条形码技术扩增了该虫的线粒体COI基因的部分序列,并与Genbank数据库和DNA条形码数据库BOLDSYSTEMS v3中已知序列比对,结果与Genbank中2条南非石竹卷蛾序列98%以上一致;与BOLDSYSTEMS v3数据库中10条南非石竹卷蛾序列98%以上一致。     

澳洲坚果上新发生玳灰蝶海南亚种为害

2015年在云南德宏澳洲坚果园内发现了新害虫——玳灰蝶海南亚种。对其卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫的形态特征进行了描述,并对该虫对澳洲坚果造成的为害症状进行了描述,以期为该虫的鉴定和防治提供参考。     

南通海关全国首次截获检疫性有害生物小外齿异胫长小蠹

<正>2019年5月,南通海关关员从一艘巴拿马籍入境船舶木材上截获多种外来有害生物,经送南通海关有害生物检疫实验室鉴定,后由南京海关实验室复核,确认为检疫性有害生物小外齿异胫长小蠹(Crossotarsus subpellucidus Lea),经中国检科院确认该害虫系全国口岸首次截获。同时检疫人员还在该轮上截获     

新西兰重要果树害虫——斜纹卷蛾

斜纹卷蛾为新西兰重要的果树害虫,其翅面斑纹变异大给鉴定带来一定难度。为防止该虫传入,本文对该虫的生物学特性、形态特征及检疫措施等进行了详细的介绍。     

利用昆虫病原线虫防治蔗扁蛾的研究

通过应用昆虫病原线虫斯氏线虫属小卷蛾线虫的Agriotos、Beijing和CB163个品系,格氏线虫的NC34品系,以及异小杆线虫属嗜菌异小杆线虫的E67品系对蔗扁蛾进行室内及田间防治试验。结果表明:小卷蛾线虫Agriotos和Beijing2个品系对蔗扁蛾幼虫具有明显的防治效果。应用注射法将含侵染期线虫1000～2000条/ml线虫悬浮液约200ml注入巴西木受害部位表皮下,5d后防治效果达7363%。     

苹浅褐卷蛾及其检疫技术

苹浅褐卷蛾Epiphyas postvittana（Walker）在新西兰是苹果、梨、柿子、葡萄等水果上重要的害虫种类，该虫被列为我国苹果上潜在危险性害虫之一。本文对苹浅褐卷蛾的形态特征、发生和为害规律及其检疫和防治技术进行了较为详细的阐述，以期为该害虫在我国的检疫和防治提供参考。     

桐花树毛颚小卷蛾生活史及食性初步研究

对泉州湾河口湿地红树林桐花树毛颚小卷蛾生活史及食性开展初步研究,结果表明：（1）桐花树毛颚小卷蛾在泉州湾地区1年发生8代,世代重叠,以幼虫在桐花树叶片上卷叶越冬,翌年3月上旬开始结茧化蛹,3月下旬开始羽化为成虫;1年内有2个明显的危害高峰期,分别出现在5月中旬和9月下旬。（2）桐花树毛颚小卷蛾是泉州湾红树林的主要害虫,该虫只取食桐花树,不取食秋茄和白骨壤。     

萧氏松茎象灾害调查及统计方法探讨

萧氏松茎象是我国近年来出现的严重危害国外松的钻蛀性害虫。本文提出了萧氏松茎象灾害调查及统计方法。     

Surveillance for Spodoptera frugiperda,fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in South Korea

The Animal and Plant Quarantine Service, South Korea, developed a specific plan for Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), the fall armyworm, in 2019 to implement the surveillance for early detection for this pest. The fall armyworm surveillance program involved seasonal monitoring of the pest with pheromone traps placed into fields of cereal crops at high-risk locations. In 2019, the trapping season ran from early spring to late autumn, with a total deployment of 140 traps. During the season, a total of 10 male adults were captured in these surveillance traps placed in South Korea and it has since been eradicated from these localities. Additionally, the fall armyworm was intercepted 12 times on asparagus from Peru and Thailand at South Korean ports of entry.     

2003—2017年中国自欧洲输华粮谷的有害生物截获数据分析

为进一步开展欧洲输华粮谷中有害生物风险分析,该文整理和统计2003—2017年我国自欧洲输华粮谷中截获的有害生物数据,并采用SPSS 20软件分别对所截获的主要杂草和昆虫进行了聚类分析、相关分析和主成分分析,确定其截获次数的主控因子。结果显示,我国自欧洲输华粮谷中截获的主要有害生物为杂草,截获记录数为7 905次,占总截获记录的79.99%;我国自欧洲输华大麦中截获的有害生物次数均最多,截获次数为57 843次,占总截获次数的51.39%;我国自乌克兰输华粮谷中截获的杂草和昆虫次数最多,分别为39 026次和678次;我国自欧洲输华粮谷中截获的杂草和昆虫分别为479种和61种;自乌克兰和大麦中截获的杂草和昆虫的Shannon-Weiner指数均相对较高;我国自欧洲输华大麦和玉米中截获的杂草和昆虫分别单独聚为一类,我国自乌克兰和法国输华粮谷中截获的杂草和昆虫分别单独聚为一类;欧洲输华粮谷贸易额是有害生物杂草和昆虫截获次数的主控因子。建议我国进一步做好有害生物截获数据收集工作,加强欧洲输华粮谷中有害生物风险分析,根据风险对不同国家和粮谷采取相应的检疫措施。     

喷雾法施用线虫大面积防治荔枝拟木蠹蛾

荔枝拟木蠹蛾(Arbela dea Swinhoe)是南方荔枝、木麻黄等主要的钻蛀害虫,作者利用拟木蠹蛾昼伏夜出的习性,用大蜡螟幼虫诱测和回收喷雾荔枝拟木蠹蛾粪道上的线虫(Steinernema carpocapsae Agriotos),不同温度、不同粪道大小对线虫存活影响的测试结果表明,应用1×10~3/ml线虫剂量喷雾拟木蠢蛾挂在树上的粪道,粪道上便有足够数量的线虫和时间使寄主感染。1995年喷雾法施用线虫防治荔枝拟木蠹蛾260hm~2,防治效果在85％～100％,平均为94.28％,有效地压低了田间的虫口密度。解决了树冠嫩枝受害后人工难以注射及倒置斜垂坑道的虫口防治效果差的矛盾,也使利用病原线虫防治害虫这一有效的生物防治手段更容易为果农所接受。     

Maiszünslerbekämpfung – Bekämpfung und neue Entwicklungen beim Trichogramma brassicae-Einsatz

The European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis (Huebner) is a well-known and investigated pest of corn and sweet corn particularly in the southwest of Germany since a long time. Nevertheless the pest can still surprise scientists and farmers. The first occurrence of a bivoltine race of the European corn borer in South Badenia in the years 2006 and 2007 is remarkable. The European corn borer had to be controlled in the last year on an area of approx. 60.000 hectares in Germany. An important antagonist of this pest is the parasitoid Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko (Hym., Trichogrammatidae), which is already used for over 30 years on a continuously rising acreage for the control of Ostrinia nubilalis. The biology of the pest and its parasitoid are recapitulated particularly with regard to the biological control. The flight activities of the European corn borer are supervised with light traps in Southwest Germany. The data were inserted into a central data base at the LTZ Augustenberg, office Stuttgart (at first in 2007). The data can be used by advisors and farmers. They determinate the optimal time for the introduction of Trichogramma brassicae and optimize the application of insecticides. The annual randomized monitoring of the Trichogramma quantities and partially also qualities by the former state institute for plant protection and nowadays the LTZ Augustenberg helped to supply the farmers with good Trichogramma material. The efficiencies of the Trichogramma introduction reach up to over 70%. With the insecticide STEWARD (active ingredient Indoxacarb) similar and partly better efficiencies can be obtained. With the necessity of controlling Diabrotica virgifera virgifera with insecticides problems for the use of Trichogramma can arise – this will be discussed.     

澳洲坚果褐腐病的病原菌鉴定及生物学特性

对云南景洪发生的澳洲坚果果实褐斑病进行了病原菌分离鉴定和生物学特性研究。经致病性测定、形态学和分子生物学鉴定,病原菌为Calonectria pentaseptata。生物学特性研究表明,该菌菌丝生长的适温为25~30℃,孢子萌发的适温为20~25℃,光照对菌丝生长影响不明显,紫外光对分生孢子的萌发有显著影响,不同的糖溶液可促进分生孢子的萌发。     

竹直锥大象虫的发生规律及应用昆虫病原线虫的防治试验

竹直锥大象虫是华南地区经济竹林的重要害虫。以成虫在土壤中越冬，幼虫蛀食竹笋，影响成竹率，严重为害竹子生产。文章报道了该虫的发生规律和应用格氏线虫中国品系进行现场防治试验。结果表明，在木薯淀粉糊中加入线虫和少量化学农药制成的线虫糊剂，涂布于虫蛀口，对竹象虫幼虫的防治效果显著；被寄生死亡率达８０％，５０％的受害笋仍可生长成材。     

中国口岸首次截获攻击茶蜗牛研究

广东南海出入境检验检疫局从三山口岸西班牙进境金琥(Echinocactus grusonii Hildm.)中截获1种活的软体动物,经鉴定为攻击茶蜗牛[Theba impugnata(Mousson,1857)],该物种在中国没有分布记录,是进境植物检疫性有害生物名录中比萨茶蜗牛[Theba pisana(Müller,1774)]的近似种,也是世界自然保护联盟(IUCN)评估为易危级列入"红名单"的物种,为中国口岸首次截获。本文记述了其分类地位、鉴定特征、种群现状、地理分布、生物学和检疫方法,并讨论了易危物种和检疫性有害生物的关系。     

The profitability of maize–haricot bean intercropping techniques to control maize stem borers under low pest densities in Ethiopia

Lepidopteran stem borers are the main pests of cereals in Ethiopia. In recent years, habitat management techniques, which aim at increasing plant biodiversity through mixed cropping, have gained increased attention in stem borer control. In the present study, the profitability of mixed cropping of maize with haricot beans at different ratios and the effect on infestation of maize by stem borers, yield and borer parasitism were studied in Melkassa and Mieso, Ethiopia, in a field experiment under natural infestation. In Melkassa, pest infestations were too low for the cropping system to affect pests, plant damage and yields significantly, whereas in Mieso, where the pest densities were high, intercropping of maize with beans at ratios of 1:1 to 2:1 significantly decreased borer densities compared with pure maize stands. Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) and Cotesia flavipes. (Cameron) were the major stem borer and parasitoid species, respectively, recorded both at Melkassa and Mieso. Borer parasitism was higher at Mieso than at Melkassa and tended to increase with the increase of the haricot bean ratio in the intercropping system. Land equivalent ratios of >1 indicated higher land use efficiency in mixed compared with sole cropping, even if pest densities were low.