进口原木携带的脊间小蠹属昆虫的检疫鉴定

本文介绍了我国口岸进口木材中多次截获的脊间小蠹属(Arixyleborus Hopkins,1915)有害昆虫,对该属的分类地位及属内种类修订的新进展进行论述,对口岸截获的该属具有重要经济和检疫意义的种类,提供重要鉴别特征和图片,并对该属所有种类进行简单介绍,包括重要鉴别特征、分布、寄主等信息,希望能为口岸一线的检测鉴定提供参考。     

进口原木携带的唐氏小蠹属昆虫的检疫鉴定

本文介绍了我国口岸进口木材中多次截获的唐氏小蠹属(Debus Hulcr and Cognato,2010)有害昆虫,对口岸常见该属具有重要经济和检疫意义的种类,提供重要鉴别特征描述和图片,并对该属所有种类进行简单介绍,包括重要鉴别特征、寄主、分布等信息,希望能为口岸一线的检测鉴定提供参考。     

进口原木携带的截材小蠹属昆虫的检疫鉴定

本文介绍了我国口岸进口木材中多次截获的截材小蠹属(Truncaudum Hulcr and Cognato,2010)昆虫,对口岸常见该属具有重要经济和检疫意义的种类,提供重要形态特征描述和图片,并对该属所有种类进行简单介绍,包括重要鉴别特征、分布等信息,以期为口岸一线的检测鉴定提供参考。     

我国口岸新截获的5种材小蠹的检疫鉴定

材小蠹族这一昆虫类群是种群最丰富的食菌小蠹类群之一,该类群包含的入侵性小蠹种类超过其他食菌小蠹之和,是危害严重的重要林木害虫,准确的种类鉴定对防止该虫进入我国具有重要意义。印澳横材小蠹、小盾材小蠹、阔面材小蠹、Truncaudum agnates及双齿材小蠹为我国口岸新截获的几种重要材小蠹,本文通过对这5种材小蠹的形态描述,为口岸提供鉴定的基础资料。     

警惕来自非洲原木上精灵小蠹属的有害昆虫

本文介绍了从非洲进口木材中多次截获的精灵小蠹属(Hapalogenius Hagedorn,1912)有害昆虫,对该属的分类地位及属内种类修订的新进展进行论述,对口岸经常截获的1种凹额精灵小蠹(Hapalogenius atakorae(Schedl,1951))进行描述,提供重要鉴别特征图和该种2个近似种的重要鉴别特征,并提供该属所有种类的简介附录,包括寄主、分布等信息以及该属与近似属的检索表。     

江苏扬州口岸进境木材长小蠹种类调查

用手工捕捉、灯光和信息素诱集对江苏扬州口岸进境木材长小蠹种类进行调查采集,共采集长小蠹标本1 026头,鉴定出长小蠹科7属、18种,其中检疫性种类9种。在截获的长小蠹种类中,来自巴布亚新几内亚的有6属、13种,占总截获种类的72%,其中检疫性长小蠹8种,占截获的检疫性长小蠹种类的88.9%。     

从进境墨西哥集装箱内截获南部松齿小蠹

南部松齿小蠹主要分布于北美,后传入澳大利亚,中国目前无分布报道。2010年10月,宁波口岸从进境墨西哥集装箱内首次截获。本文对南部松齿小蠹及近似种的形态特征、分布和寄主等进行了介绍。     

中国口岸截获的小蠹科昆虫概况

小蠹虫是国际贸易中重要的钻蛀害虫,也是各国口岸主要截获害虫之一。近年来,诸多学者对不同国家口岸截获数据进行了统计分析,其研究结果为制定相应的检验检疫措施和监测方案提供了指导。此前,我国尚未有研究者对国内口岸小蠹截获数据进行分析。本文主要基于2003～2013年中国口岸截获小蠹虫数据,对其进行多方面分析,剖析一些问题,并提出一些建议。     

进口原木携带方胸小蠹属昆虫的鉴定

本文介绍了口岸进口木材中多次截获的方胸小蠹属(Euwallacea Hopkins,1915)害虫,对口岸截获的具有重要经济和检疫意义的该属种类,我们提供重要鉴别特征和图片,并编制了该属口岸常截获种类及近似种的检索表,希望能为口岸一线的检测鉴定提供参考。     

基于DIVA-GIS的美松齿小蠹适生性分析

美松齿小蠹是一种主要分布于北美的危险性林木害虫,随着我国与北美国家木材贸易往来的日益密切,该虫传入我国的风险也逐渐升高。为了更有效地实现美松齿小蠹的风险防控,本研究采用DIVA-GIS的BIOCLIM生态位模型对美松齿小蠹在我国的适生性进行了预测。结果表明,美松齿小蠹在我国的较适宜生存地区主要分布在辽宁、山东、陕西、山西、河南、四川、湖北、云南、西藏、河北等省份的局部地区。应当在这些地区强化检疫措施,以防美松齿小蠹的传入和扩散。     

北美森林新病害——山毛榉叶线虫病

2012年,北美地区发生了一种由山毛榉李氏垫刃线虫麦肯恩亚种(Litylenchus crenatae mccannii)引起的森林新病害——山毛榉叶线虫病,病情蔓延迅速,已扩散至美国和加拿大30个县。病原为害山毛榉属植物,可造成病树成片死亡。由于山毛榉是北美温带阔叶林的主要构成树种和重要用材树种,新病害已引起美国农业部的高度重视并采取积极的应对措施。我国分布5种山毛榉属植物(均为特有种),是我国南方森林的主要组成树种。鉴于我国每年从北美进口大量山毛榉木材,病原线虫存在随进境木材传入国内的巨大风险。因此,检疫部门应开展风险评估,口岸应针对性开展山毛榉叶线虫病的检测。本文主要介绍了山毛榉叶线虫病的发生历史、分布范围、为害症状、病原线虫形态学特征、生活史、传播途径、分子检测方法等方面的信息,以期为口岸检疫工作提供参考。     

The dynamics of introduction of alien scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) into Croatia

In recent years, several species of alien scale insects have arrived and spread rapidly through European and Mediterranean countries. One hundred and twenty‐nine species of alien scale insects have so far been recorded in Europe. This paper presents a list of alien scale insect species for Croatia, comprising 56 species from 8 different families. Four of them are new records for Croatia: Aonidiella taxus Leonardi, 1906, Ichnaspis longirostris (Signoret, 1882), Phoenicococcus marlatii (Cockerell, 1899) and Spilococcus mammillariae (Bouche, 1844). The majority of species recorded belong to the following families: Diaspididae (28 species), Coccidae (12 species), Pseudococcidae (10 species), Eriococcidae (two species). The scale insect families Dactylopidae, Margarodidae, Ortheziidae and Pheniococcidae comprised only one recorded alien species each. During the time frame covered in the review (from the beginning of the 20th century until 2015), the majority of alien scale insect species (23) were registered in the period from 2000 to 2015. Data on the origin of introduced alien scale insects shows that the majority of the species originate from Asia (22 species), followed by North America (6 species), Africa, Australia and Central America (5 species each) and South America (4 species), with 9 species being of unknown origin.     

Advances in biological control of Leptinotarsa decemlineata in Poland1

Results of research, and practical attempts at biological control of Colorado beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata), are reviewed. Attempts to introduce parasitic or predatory insects from North America and establish them permanently in Europe were unsuccessful. Studies conducted in Poland and Europe revealed 237 species of indigenous arthropod natural enemies of Colorado beetle (in North America only 61) and over 15 species of microorganisms (mollicutes, fungi, protozoa and nematodes). The combined action of indigenous natural enemies lowers density of Colorado beetle by 30–80%, but this is still above the economic threshold so that chemical control remains necessary. Under a cooperative project (Poland, Czechia, USA), it was demonstrated in Poland that three treatments with the biopesticides Mycotrol or Novodor provided a level of potato protection similar to that of two treatments with a synthetic pyrethroid.     

Invasion potential of Agrilus planipennis and other Agrilus beetles in Europe: import pathways of deciduous wood chips and MaxEnt analyses of potential distribution areas

Bark‐ and wood‐boring beetles in the genus Agrilus (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) can survive wood‐chipping, and Agrilus planipennis has established in North America and European Russia with devastating impacts on forest ecosystems. The work presented in this paper combined import statistics of deciduous wood chips, Maximum entropy modelling (MaxEnt) of climatic similarities, and the distribution of potential tree hosts to predict the likelihood of four selected North American Agrilus species to become introduced and established in Europe. In agreement with the EU's energy‐policy target of increased use of wood chips, there was a linear or exponential increase in European imports of deciduous wood chips during the past 10 years from countries harbouring potentially harmful Agrilus species. MaxEnt showed high environmental suitability in Europe for the four selected Agrilus species, particularly in Eastern Europe and European Russia for A. anxius, A. bilineatus and A. planipennis and in southern Europe for A. politus. Documented susceptible host trees are widely distributed in the predicted areas of Agrilus distribution in Europe, and these areas receive large quantities of deciduous wood chips from countries where these and other Agrilus species are present. Thus, it was concluded that the fundamental conditions for introduction and establishment of Agrilus species in Europe are in place.     

Potential distribution ranges in Europe for Ips hauseri, Ips subelongatus and Scolytus morawitzi, a CLIMEX analysis

Introduced bark and ambrosia beetles have become a worldwide problem for the forest industry as well as for recreational parks and nature reserves by directly damaging wood material and killing trees or by vectoring lethal tree diseases. In this study we used the climatic modeling program CLIMEX to simulate potential distribution ranges for three different Asian bark beetles, Ips hauseri (Reitter), Ips subelongatus (Motschulsky) and Scolytus morawitzi (Semenov) on the basis of their current distribution. The program calculates an ecoclimatic index based on the life cycle requirements of a species and thus represents the probability of a viable population existing at a certain location. Simulations show that all of the studied species have a potential distribution according to climatic factors. Also, potential hosts for these species grow in much of Europe, making the potential establishment of these species possible. Simulation with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) climate change scenario A1B resulted in changes of 200 to 900 km at the northern and southern edges of the distribution ranges for the studied species.     

高能X射线对十二齿小蠹成虫的影响初报

采自樟子松原木上的十二齿小蠹(Ips sexdentatus Boerner)越冬代和当年新生代成虫在人工饲料上进行短暂饲养后,分别使用9MeV高能X射线辐照处理,剂量为40、60、80、100、120、140和160Gy,辐照成虫在油松木段发育和繁殖的结果表明:40~160Gy辐照可影响成虫的发育和繁殖能力;100%阻止越冬代和当年新生代成虫繁殖产生具有危害能力幼虫的最低吸收剂量分别为80Gy和140Gy,表明当年新生代成虫的辐照耐受性更强,并可初步确定十二齿小蠹成虫的不育剂量为140Gy。     

辽宁内蒙乳浆大戟草天敌的调查研究

乳浆大戟是北美大平原地区的重要害草。1987年在辽宁、内蒙进行的中美联合考察发现,该草在辽宁生长矮小,分布零散,天敌群落不丰富,而在内蒙则较粗壮,形成灌丛,有较丰富的天敌群落。在内蒙发现5种重要的昆虫天敌及2种具有应用前景的锈病菌,有可能成为控制北美乳浆大戟为害的有效天敌。这是首次中外科学家在我国合作进行杂草生防调查研究。     

Occurrence of insects in coniferous roundwood imported to Sweden from France and Chile

Sweden requires all coniferous roundwood from countries outside Europe to have been debarked but makes no requirement for European wood. Six shipments of unbarked roundwood of Pinus pinaster from France and 14 shipments of debarked P. radiata logs from Chile were inspected in Sweden during 1988 and 1989. The imported wood from France yielded 92 insect species (90 Coleoptera and 2 Hymenoptera). Seventeen of these species do not occur in Sweden. All six consignments were thoroughly attacked by bark- and wood-boring insects, representing 25 species. The logs from Chile had been well debarked; less than 1% of the inspected logs contained living insects. Nevertheless, a total of 49 insect species (46 Coleoptera, 1 Isoptera, 1 Hymenoptera and 1 Orthoptera) were found in the 14 shipments. Of these species 21 are not indigenous to Sweden.     

中国新归化菊科植物——弯喙苣

弯喙苣属(Urospermum)有2种,原产于南欧、北非和西亚。其中,该属的模式种弯喙苣(Urospermum picroides(L.)Scop.ex F.W.Schmidt)目前已在北美洲、南美洲、澳大利亚、南非和巴基斯坦等许多地区归化,我国曾有引种栽培,近来成为宁波地区一种新的归化杂草。本文就弯喙苣的分类地位、形态特征、地理分布、生物学特征、传播途径、入侵危害、防治措施进行了报道,以期为外来有害杂草的鉴定提供借鉴。     

Catching Ips duplicatus (Sahlberg) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) with pheromone‐baited traps: optimal trap type,colour, height and distance to infestation

BACKGROUND: Field trapping experiments were carried out to evaluate effective trap characteristics for maximising Ips duplicatus (Sahlberg) catches in pheromone‐baited traps in China. RESULTS: Window‐slot and cross‐barrier traps had significantly higher catches than multiple‐funnel traps. The colour of window‐slot traps showed a significant effect on catches, with dark colours (black and red) being more effective than light colours, especially white and yellow. Window‐slot traps at a 1.5–2.0 m level caught more beetles than those at either ground level (0–0.5 m) or at 3.5–4.0 m. Ips duplicatus can be attracted to pheromone‐baited traps over a distance of > 100 m from the forest edge in an open grassy field. There was a strong diurnal pattern of flight activity, with catches on window‐slot traps occurring during the daytime with one broad peak at mid‐ to late afternoon. The seasonal flight activity of I. duplicatus as monitored by pheromone‐baited window‐slot traps during 2007–2008 indicated that three major flight peaks occurred in early June, late June–early July and late July respectively, suggesting the existence of a potential second generation. CONCLUSION: The optimal trap characteristics will improve the performance of pheromone‐baited traps as a critical monitoring or mass‐trapping tool to combat outbreaks of this pest species. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry