棉籽壳菌糠饲喂卡拉库尔羊效果研究

分析了棉籽壳菌糠饲喂卡拉库尔羊的效果 ,结果表明 .用菌糠取代 6 0 %的棉籽壳与取代新疆 4 5 %的棉籽壳和全部用棉籽壳 ,卡拉库尔羊平均日增重差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,而每千克饲料成本比对照组降低 0 .11元     

卡拉库尔妊娠母羊微量元素的含量测定

为了探索微量元素对妊娠母羊营养状况的影响,试验选取体重相近、年龄和胎次相同的卡拉库尔妊娠母羊和空怀母羊各6只,采集颈静脉血样和臀部毛样,利用原子吸收光谱法(国标法)测定铜、锌、铁、锰4种微量元素含量。结果表明:血清中铁、铜含量在妊娠母羊与空怀母羊之间差异显著(P<0.05);全血中铁、锰含量在妊娠母羊与空怀母羊之间差异显著(P<0.05),铜含量差异极显著著(P<0.01);羊毛中铜含量在妊娠母羊与空怀母羊之间差异显著(P<0.05),锰含量差异极显著(P<0.01);与我国绵羊饲养标准相比,全血中的铜、锌含量较低,铁、锰含量较高。     

棉籽壳对卡拉库尔羊血液生化指标的影响

中国卡拉库尔羊(以下简称卡羊)是以苏联卡拉库尔羊为父本,以中国库车羊为母本,进行级进杂交培育而成的羔皮羊新品种,适应性稳定,耐干旱、炎热,繁殖成活率高,耐粗饲,羔皮品质优良,非常适合新疆南部荒漠、半荒漠草原与农区饲养,是南疆地区不可替代的绵羊当家品种,目前数量有13万余只.     

陆眠宁对卡拉库尔羊血常规的影响

本试验主要研究陆眠宁麻醉剂对卡拉库尔羊血常规指标的影响。笔者以6只塔里木大学动科实验站的卡拉库尔羊为试验动物,以陆眠宁为麻醉剂,进行肌肉注射麻醉,并进行一般临床检查和血常规检查,血样的采集时间为麻醉前30 min、倒地后30 min、苏醒后30 min以及72 h后,将采集的血样送到实验室进行血常规测定。通过对麻醉前与麻醉后的血常规数值进行分析,试验数据最后使用SPSS17.0数据分析软件进行分析比较。苏醒后30 min与麻醉前的平均血小板体积(MPV)差异显著(P<0.05);苏醒后72 h较麻醉前的平均血小板体积(MPV)差异显著(P<0.05)。说明使用陆眠宁麻醉剂肌肉注射麻醉,麻醉前后卡拉库尔羊除了MPV外其他血常规指标变化不显著;对体温和脉搏有影响。     

硬枝碱蓬对卡拉库尔羊血清中NO含量及NOS活性的影响

为探讨硬枝碱蓬对卡拉库尔羊血清中一氧化氮(NO)含量及一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性的影响,选择8只健康卡拉库尔羊,随机分为对照组和试验组,试验组羊日粮添加硬枝碱蓬,分别在试验期第10天、第20天和第30天测定卡拉库尔羊血清NO含量及总一氧化氮合酶(TNOS)和结构型一氧化氮合酶(cNOS)活性.结果表明:硬枝碱蓬对卡拉库尔羊血清中NO含量及TNOS和cNOS活性均有抑制作用,10d时抑制显著,20和30 d时抑制均极显著,且随添加时间的增加抑制作用越来越明显.表明日粮添加适量的硬枝碱蓬可显著提高卡拉库尔羊机体的抗氧化和抗衰老能力,延长其寿命.     

棉籽壳菌糠饲喂杜寒杂交羊育肥效果

利用棉籽壳菌糠对杜寒杂交羊进行育肥试验.结果表明:试验组羊的平均日增重为170.33 g,对照组为119.33 g,试验组比对照组提高42.7%,差异显著(P＜0.05);试验组每只羊收益比对照组可增加42.1%,经济效益明显.     

新疆卡拉库尔羊肉质特性的研究

本试验对新疆卡拉库尔羊的肉用品质特性进行了系统地分析。结果显示:(1)新疆卡拉库尔羊肌肉鲜红色(3.0～3.8分),大理石纹评分3.5～4.0分,pH1和pH24在正常范围内,滴水损失小,熟肉率高,肉质鲜嫩,具有较高的食用价值。(2)新疆卡拉库尔羊胴体不同部位间,背最长肌肉质综合指标均显著(P<0.01)、极显著(P<0.05)的优于退外侧肌和肋间肌,是肉质最好的部位。(3)肌肉常规品质间的相关关系分析表明,肌肉剪切力值与肌纤维直径呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与肌纤维密度呈极显著负相关(P<0.01);熟肉率与失水率呈极显著负相关(P<0.01);肌纤维密度与肌纤维直径呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。     

不同抗凝剂对新疆卡拉库尔羊外周血液中总DNA提取的影响

为了分析不同抗凝剂对新疆卡拉库尔羊外周血液中总DNA提取的影响,本试验采用肝素钠、枸橼酸三钠、EDTA-Na2三种抗凝剂、以不同时间对血样进行抗凝处理,然后提取血液总基因组DNA。结果表明,三种抗凝剂处理0.5h后,对外周血液总基因组DNA的提取无影响,均可获得典型DNA标本。同时,随着处理时间的延长,。这三种抗凝剂对血液中总DNA的提取有比较大的差异,其中构橼酸三钠的效果最为稳定;同种抗凝荆在不同抗凝时间内对血液中总DNA的提取无明显影响。     

不同日粮组合对羔羊育肥的增重试验效果

把同一品种,同一饲料条件下,采用不同的日粮组合分三组对羔羊进行育肥试验,每组20只,试验结果表明b组,c组添加4%.羔羊复合预混料后,羔羊胴体重和日增重显著(p<0.05)a组b组c组增重,分别为10.93kg,13.21kg,13.14kg,b组饲粮对育肥效果最佳。     

Effect of maternal dietary restriction during pregnancy on lamb carcass characteristics and muscle fiber composition

Two experiments were conducted to determine whether the decreased proportion of fast muscle fibers seen previously in 2-wk-old lambs from ewes that were dietary restricted from d 30 to 70 of gestation are still evident in older lambs and what the consequences may be in terms of growth rates and carcass composition. Throughout both experiments, ewes were fed on an individual basis according to the recommended dietary allowance throughout pregnancy relative to metabolic BW (BW(0.73)). Control groups were fed as above, and the treatment groups had their nutrient supply reduced to 50% of this recommended allowance from d 30 to 70 (Exp. 1) or d 30 to 85 (Exp. 2) of gestation, after which they were returned to the same level of nutrition as the control group. All twin lambs were kept with their dams, and at 2 wk were given access to creep. After weaning, lambs were individually housed and fed ad libitum to 24 or 17 wk of age for Exp. 1 and 2, respectively. Although not significant (P = 0.18), growth to 24 wk (Exp. 1) resulted in a small decrease in the protein content and therefore an increase in the fat:lean ratio in the carcass of lambs subjected to maternal dietary restriction. This was not apparent when animals were slaughtered at 17 wk (Exp. 2; P > 0.68). Few significant effects of maternal dietary restriction on the fiber type composition of muscles were observed. In Exp. 1 the number of fast fibers increased (P < 0.008) with no effect on slow fiber number in LM. In Exp. 2 an increase in the total number of fibers in male lambs and an increase in type II (A and B) fibers in female lambs were observed in the LM, and an increase in IIB fiber number was observed in semitendinosus (ST) muscle from male lambs. Prenatal maternal dietary restriction during the time of muscle differentiation demonstrated an increase in type IIB muscle fibers and increase in intramuscular fat; although significant, effects on subsequent carcass quality of lambs were relatively small. These data suggest that the lambs adapted to changes in muscle fiber composition previously observed at 2 wk. However, lambs in this study were well fed during postnatal growth. Whether offspring would still have been able to compensate if they had received poor nutrition postnatally and whether that failure to compensate would have influenced carcass composition remain to be determined.     

不同蛋白质水平代乳品对羔羊生长性能的影响

代乳品蛋白质由膨化大豆粉、奶粉、玉米蛋白粉等组成,其水平按一定梯度设计,组成1号、2号、3号、4号四种饲粮。饲养试验选用陶赛特×小尾寒羊F1代的初生公、母羔羊各25只,随机分成5组,每组10只(5♂+5♀),Ⅰ组～Ⅳ组分别饲喂1号～4号代乳品,第Ⅴ组为对照组,自然哺乳。试验结果表明:代乳品蛋白质水平较高者,更有利于羔羊体尺的增加,第Ⅳ组羔羊体高、体长指标和平均日增重好于其它各试验组,但略逊于对照组。     

饲粮不同氮硫比对藏羔羊空肠组织形态和空肠微生物区系的影响

肠道是动物重要的消化和吸收的器官.为探究饲粮中不同氮硫比对藏羔羊空肠组织形态和空肠微生物区系的影响,试验选择初始条件相似的60日龄藏羔羊150只,随机分为5组,分别用氮硫质量比为10.5?1(A)、9?1(B)、7.5?1(C)、6?1(D)、4.5?1(E)的饲粮饲养至180日龄,试验期结束每组随机屠宰6只,采集空肠组织和内容物分析饲粮氮硫比对空肠组织形态和空肠微生物菌群结构及功能的影响.结果显示:1)B组和E组的空肠绒毛长度和绒毛宽度显著高于其余3组(P<0.05),并且A、D组的绒毛长度显著高于C组(P<0.05);D组的隐窝深度显著高于其他4组(P<0.05);B、E组的绒毛长度/隐窝深度显著高于A、C、D组(P<0.05);B组和E组的黏膜层厚度显著高于C、D组(P<0.05);B组的肌肉层厚度均显著高于其他组(P<0.05).2)B、E两组的操作分类单元数(operational taxonomic units,OTU)、Chao1指数显著高于A、C组(P<0.05);B、E组的Shannon指数显著高于其他组(P<0.05);C、D两组的Simpson指数显著高于B、E组(P<0.05);B、D、E组的Ace指数显著高于A、C组(P<0.05).3)从门和属水平上分析空肠微生物菌群结构:在门水平下5组的优势菌门均为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria).其中B组厚壁菌门的丰度显著高于C组(P<0.05);A、C组的放线菌门丰度显著高于B、E组(P<0.05);B组和E组拟杆菌门的丰度显著高于A、C两组(P<0.05);E组的变形菌门丰度显著高于B组和D组(P<0.05).在属水平下:5组的优势菌属均为红球菌属(Rhodococcus)、短杆菌属(Brevibacterium)、克里斯滕森氏菌R7菌群(Christensenellaceae-R-7-group)、Quinella属和理研菌科RC9肠道菌群(Rikenellaceae-RC9-gut-group).A、C、D组红球菌属的丰度显著高于B、E组(P<0.05),B组的克里斯滕森氏菌R7菌群丰度显著高于其他组(P<0.05),A、B组的Quinella丰度显著高于D、E组(P<0.05).4)16S rRNA基因组的PICRUSt功能预测结果显示,空肠微生物菌群功能主要集中在转录、碳水化合物运输与代谢、氨基酸的运输与代谢等方面,表明藏羔羊空肠细菌在提高宿主碳水化合物和蛋白质的代谢与吸收方面至关重要.综上,氮硫比在B和D水平下均有利于藏羔羊空肠组织形态的发育,并且可提高空肠微生物菌群多样性和丰富度,从经济效益上考虑,氮硫质量比为9?1时更符合藏羔羊的高效养殖.     

小花棘豆添加量对卡拉库尔羊利用青贮饲料的影响

试验选用9只健康的雄性卡拉库尔公羊为试验动物,采用全收粪消化试验方法,研究不同的小花棘豆添加量下卡拉库尔羊对青贮饲料的利用率。试验结果表明,小花棘豆添加量在400 g/d和800 g/d时,卡拉库尔羊干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和矿物质采食量均有所提高,NDF和ADF采食量降低;卡拉库尔羊干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、矿物质和ADF的消化率均显著增高,NDF消化率变化不显著。通过对试验羊AMA、AKP、BUN、GOT、GPT、LDH活性的监测,400 g/d和800 g/d的小花棘豆添加量对卡拉库尔羊的健康无明显影响。     

日粮纤维对鹅脂肪代谢的影响

用含粗纤维水平 4 %、8%、12 %的日粮对鹅 (云南灰鹅×四川白鹅 )进行 4周饲养试验 ,试验期中及期末抽血测部分生化指标。结果 :8%纤维水平日粮组前期采食量和日增重最高 (P <0 0 5 ) ,12 %日粮组后期采食量和日增重最高 (P <0 0 5 ) ;随着日粮纤维水平的提高 ,血中总胆固醇、甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白—胆固醇水平显著降低 ,高密度脂蛋白—胆固醇水平提高 ;谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶活性水平随日粮纤维水平的增加呈上升趋势 ;载脂蛋白B(ApoB)水平随日粮纤维水平提高而下降 ,差异显著 (P <0 0 5 ) ;12 %纤维日粮组腹脂率最低。说明 :鹅日粮纤维水平 6周龄前以 8%、6周龄后以 12 % ,对鹅生长和维持较低血脂水平及降低腹脂有利。     

不同断奶日龄对羔羊育肥效果的影响

选择出生重及出生日期相近、生长发育正常的滩羊羔羊60只,随机分为4组,分别为30、45和60日龄断奶组,120日龄哺乳组为对照,各选取15只羔羊进行育肥试验,直至120日龄。结果表明:在120日龄时,试验组羔羊的体重和体尺均极显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。其中体重最高的是60日龄断奶组羔羊,为36.25 kg,日增重(75～120 d)达278.67 g,极显著高于对照组的23.27 kg和136.0 g,经济效益比对照组高出80.12元/只。     

Effect of different levels of dietary nitrogen supplementation on the relative blood urea nitrogen concentration of beef cows

The objective of this study was to determine if individual beef cows in a herd have an inherent ability to maintain their blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration when exposed to different levels of dietary nitrogen supplementation. Ten Hereford and 12 Nguni cows, aged between 2 and 16 years, were utilized in two crossover experiments. In the first experiment, cows were exposed to two diets: a balanced diet with a crude protein (CP) level of 7.9% and a modified diet with a CP level of 14%, formulated by adding 20 kg of feed grade urea per ton of the balanced diet. At the end of the first crossover experiment, cows received the balanced diet for 1 week. The second component utilized the same cows wherein they were fed the balanced diet in addition to another modified diet containing only 4.4% CP. Blood urea nitrogen concentration was measured 22 times (twice weekly) from each cow during both components of the study. A linear mixed-effects model was used to assess whether baseline BUN concentration (measured 1 week before onset of the study) was predictive of subsequent BUN concentration in individual cows. Breed, cow age, body condition score, and body mass were also evaluated for their effects on BUN concentrations. Albumin, beta hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), glucose, and total serum protein (TSP) were compared between diets within each breed. Baseline BUN concentration was a significant predictor of subsequent BUN concentration in individual cows (P = 0.004) when evaluated over both components of the study. Breed (P = 0.033), the preceding diet (P < 0.001), current diet (P < 0.001), and the week during which sampling was performed (P < 0.001) were also associated with BUN concentration. Results suggest that beef cattle (within a herd) have an inherent ability to maintain their BUN concentration despite fluctuations in levels of available dietary nitrogen.

     

Haematological, hormonal and biochemical blood parameters in lamb: Effect of age and blood sampling time

This study examined the effect of blood sampling time (farm, transport, lairage) on welfare physiological indicators in two groups of different age/weight Manchega breed lambs (suckling vs light). Blood sampling time had a different effect on both types of lamb: In light lambs, there was an increase (P < 0.001) in red blood cells (RBC), haemoglobin, hematocrit and urea after lairage; but adrenaline, glucose and creatinine increased after transport. In suckling lambs, there were higher values of cortisol and potassium on the farm, both glucose and sodium increased after transport while adrenaline did after lairage. In general, significant differences (P < 0.001) were found between both types of lamb in the parameters analysed. Light lambs showed higher values of RBC, haemoglobin, hematocrit, adrenaline, noradrenalin, LDH, CK, sodium and lactate than younger animals in all blood sampling times. Only after lairage were urea and leucocytes lower (P < 0.05) in suckling than in light lambs, while cortisol was higher on the farm and lower after lairage in younger animals.     

两种不同营养水平的代乳粉对羔羊生长性能的影响

试验选用18只10日龄公羔，随即分成A、B、C三组，A组哺喂1号（低营养水平）代乳粉，B组哺喂2号（高营养水平）代乳粉，C组随母羊自然哺乳，每隔10d测定一次体重、体尺，进行了60d的饲养试验，结果表明：30日龄前，特别是10～20日龄阶段，自然哺乳组日增重达到154g／d，而代乳粉组平均日增重仅仅76．9g／d，试验组与对照组差异极显著（P〈0．01）；20日龄时，A、B、C三组体高增加分别为2．4％、6．50％、7．36％，A、B两组分别与C组差异极显著（P〈0．01）；体长A、B两组与C组差异显著（P〈0．05）：但随着日龄的增加，消化道逐渐健全，羔羊越来越习惯于吸允代乳粉，消化吸收能力加强，尤其到试验后期（41—60d），B组表现明显的生长优势，不同日龄体重、阶段平均日增重、体高、体长、胸围、管围都明显高于A组和C组。