竹柏属和罗汉松属叶输导组织的观察(英文)

The conducting tissue structure of transverse and longitudinal sections was observed on leaves of Podocarpus and Nageia.Results showed:in Podocarpus leaves,there is only one midrib,the xylem tracheid of midrib vascular bundle is multi-form,transfusion tissue belongs to Cycas-type and transfusion tracheids are isodiametric,the accessory transfusion tracheids between palisade tissue and sponge tissue are developed;in Nageia leaves,there are plenty of parallel leaves,the xylem tracheids of each vein are relatively simple,transfusion tissue belongs to Taxus-type and transfusion tracheids are longer in longitudinal section than that in transverse section,the accessory transfusion tissue between palisade tissue and sponge tissue is absent.Considering other differences that in leaves of Podocarpus there are three resin ducts under vascular bundle of midrib,mesophyll cells are differentiated into palisade tissue and sponge tissue;in leaves of Nageia,there is only one resin duct under vascular bundle in each vein and no obvious differentiation in mesophyll cells,palisade tissue can be found on both sides,and sclereids can also be found in mesophyll tissue.The anatomical differences of leaf veins and mesophylls between Nageia and Podocarpus mentioned above support the viewpoint that Nageia and Podocarpus are two independent genera.     

短叶罗汉松叶结构的发育过程研究

短叶罗汉松叶的发育起始于茎端侧面分生组织区细胞分裂形成的叶原基。在叶的发育过程中,维管束下方的3个树脂道最先分化发育,然后,维管束内的原生木质部由近轴面向远轴面分化发育,同时原表皮下的一层薄壁细胞发育形成厚壁组织纤维,起支持幼叶的作用。当木质部基本成熟时,转输组织和韧皮部以及副转输组织开始发育,最后,叶肉组织分化发育为发达的栅栏组织细胞和海绵组织细胞。在叶内部结构分化发育的同时,表皮细胞的外侧形成较厚的角质层。在短叶罗汉松叶的结构中,发达的栅栏组织和角质层对于其生长在干旱和寒冷地区进行光合作用和蒸腾作用具有极为重要的意义。     

罗汉松茎中总黄酮的提取工艺优化及其含量测定

采用超声提取法提取罗汉松[Podocarpus macrophyllus (Thunb.) D. Don]茎中的总黄酮,通过单因素试验方法考察了提取方法、提取溶剂体积分数、提取溶剂体积、提取时间对总黄酮含量的影响,采用正交试验优化提取工艺条件,筛选出罗汉松茎中总黄酮的最佳提取工艺。结果表明,最佳提取工艺为70%乙醇、超声提取1.0 h、料液比1∶20(m/V)。超声提取法提取罗汉松茎中总黄酮含量,该方法重复性较好、稳定、可行。     

不同产地罗汉松叶总黄酮提取工艺的优化与含量测定

采用回流提取法提取罗汉松[Podocarpus macrophyllus(Thunb.)D.Don]叶总黄酮,通过单因素试验,考察提取方法、提取溶剂体积分数、提取体积、提取时间对药材总黄酮含量的影响,采用正交试验优化提取工艺条件,筛选出罗汉松叶总黄酮的最佳提取工艺。结果表明,罗汉松叶总黄酮的最佳提取工艺为75%乙醇、料液比1∶30(g∶mL)、回流提取时间0.5 h。该方法重复性较好、稳定、可行。     

红厚壳光合特性研究(英文)

[Objective] The experiment aimed to research the photosynthetic characteristics of Calophyllum inophyllum Linn.and the relations between Calophyllum inophyllum Linn. and ecological factors.[Method] The portable photosynthesis system(Li-6400) was used to determine photosynthetic characteristics of 6-year-old Calophyllum inophyllum Linn.[Result] Both the leaf net photosynthetic rate change and diurnal variation of transpiration rate were single peak type.The relations among the leaf net photosynthetic rate of Calophyllum inophyllum Linn.and photosynthetically active radiation,CO2 concentration and other relevant ecological factors(including transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, difference of vapour pressure and leaf temperature) were two quadratic linear relations.[Conclusion] Calophyllum inophyllum Linn. preferred strong light irradiation and high temperature environment and the experiment has provided foundations for ecological and commercial cultivations.     

不同肥料对椭圆叶花锚生长发育的比较研究(英文)

[Objective] The aim was to study the effect of different treatments on development and growth of Halenia ellipitica D.Don.[Method] Three treatments (urea treatment group, diammonium phosphate treatment group and control group) were set in the experiment with 3 replications to detect plant height,root length, leaf number, branch number, flower number and biomass of Halenia ellipitica D.Don. in all experimental groups.[Result] The leaf number,branch number, flower number and output of crude drug of Halenia ellipitica D.Don. in urea treatment group were more than that of Halenia ellipitica D.Don. in diammonium phosphate treatment group and control group,however,the plant height and root length were not significantly different among all groups.[Conclusion] The urea generated better effect on Halenia ellipitica D.Don. cultivation than that produced by diammonium phosphate treatment.     

竹柏属和罗汉松属叶输导组织的观察(英文)

The conducting tissue structure of transverse and longitudinal sections was observed on leaves of Podocarpus and Nageia.Results showed:in Podocarpus leaves,there is only one midrib,the xylem tracheid of midrib vascular bundle is multi-form,transfusion tissue belongs to Cycas-type and transfusion tracheids are isodiametric,the accessory transfusion tracheids between palisade tissue and sponge tissue are developed;in Nageia leaves,there are plenty of parallel leaves,the xylem tracheids of each vein are relatively simple,transfusion tissue belongs to Taxus-type and transfusion tracheids are longer in longitudinal section than that in transverse section,the accessory transfusion tissue between palisade tissue and sponge tissue is absent.Considering other differences that in leaves of Podocarpus there are three resin ducts under vascular bundle of midrib,mesophyll cells are differentiated into palisade tissue and sponge tissue;in leaves of Nageia,there is only one resin duct under vascular bundle in each vein and no obvious differentiation in mesophyll cells,palisade tissue can be found on both sides,and sclereids can also be found in mesophyll tissue.The anatomical differences of leaf veins and mesophylls between Nageia and Podocarpus mentioned above support the viewpoint that Nageia and Podocarpus are two independent genera.     

4种不同品种石榴的叶表皮特征电镜扫描观察(英文)

[Objective] The research aimed to provide reference for classification of pomegranate cultivars and studies of genetic relationship among pomegranate cultivars.[Method] The electron microscope scanning was used to comparatively observe leaf epidermal structures of 4 pomegranate cultivars.[Result] The upper epidermal structures of 4 pomegranate cultivars were similar and showed reticular structure .However, the differences existed in lower epidermis,such as cell shape,cell size and arrangement mode of cell as well as stomatal density,while the structures of leaf vein in lower epidermis of 4 pomegranate cultivars were similar.[Conclusion] The research provided morphological references for studying heterosis of pomegranate to some extent.     

鸦胆子愈伤组织提取物的杀虫活性研究(英文)

[Objective] The research aimed to lay a foundation for the screening of cell lines producing secondary metabolites of Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.[Method] The insecticidal activities of the extracts from branch and 3 different types of calluses of Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.was detected through methods of leaf disc and potted seedlings against the diamond back moth.[Result] Extracts from four kinds of Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.tissues assumed both the activities of antifeedant and oviposition deterrency against the diamond back moth.Antifeedant effect of extracts was in turn the callus C< callus B< callus A< branches.Oviposition deterrency activity of the extracts was in turn the callus A> branch > callus B>callus C.The insecticidal activities of callus A and B were higher than that of the callus C.[Conclusion] The results show that insecticidal activity of callus and its growth rate is inversely proportional.     

马齿苋提取物对枸杞蚜虫毒杀和拒食活性的研究(英文)

[Objective] The experiment studied on insecticidal and antifeedant action of on Portulaca oleracea L.to provide theoretical basis for developing a new botanical insecticide by taking Portulaca oleracea L.as a raw material.[Method] The insecticidal activities of the ethanol extracts and 5 kinds of extracts with petroleum ether,chloroform,ethyl acetate,n-butanol,water from Portulaca oleracea L..against Aphis sp.was studied;Leaves are using drug treatments of 5 extracts anti-feedant activity of Aphis sp.[Result] The results showed that 95% ethanol extract displayed high contact activity to Aphis sp.The corrected mortality after 48 h reached 95.4 % under the concentration of 50.00 mg·ml-1 and the insecticidal activities of 5 extracts against Aphis sp.was in the order that petroleum ether > chloroform > n-butanol > ethyl acetate >water.Five kinds of anti-feeding activity in the extract of the order for the water> ethyl acetate> n-butanol > chloroform >petroleum ether.[Conclusion] The extract from Portulaca oleracea L.has a strong contact toxicity of pesticide active on Aphis sp.substances and for a small polar compounds,the strong anti-feeding activity is a kind of larger polar compounds.     

园艺观赏植物金心吊兰的叶片解剖结构

通过石蜡切片显微观察,研究园艺观赏植物金心吊兰叶片的解剖结构。结果表明:①金心吊兰的叶片为等面型叶,表皮由一层排列紧密的表皮细胞组成,上表皮厚度约为下表皮的2倍,气孔分布于下表皮,叶肉没有栅栏组织和海绵组织之分,叶脉结构简单,由木质部、韧皮部和机械组织组成;②园艺栽培变种金心吊兰的叶片更厚,主要叶细胞更大,不同于叶片全绿的原变种宽叶吊兰;③金心吊兰叶绿素的生物合成和叶绿体的发育对叶表皮和叶肉组织的发育起着一定的抑制作用,其黄色条纹区叶细胞明显较绿色条纹区大。     

柏木叶精油化学成分的研究

用毛细管气相色谱-质谱-计算机联用技术、毛细管气相色谱保留指数法和标准品叠加法分析了柏木叶精油的化学成分。从分离出来的164个成分中,初步鉴定出37个成分,其含量占总组成的97.58％。最主要的成分是:α-蒎烯45.89％,桧烯29.50％,月桂烯4.55％,松油醇-4(3.16％)等。     

濒危植物南方红豆杉叶片形态结构及气孔参数

用光学显微镜观察了南方红豆杉叶片形态结构。结果表明:南方红豆杉叶片上、下表皮细胞近长方形或正方形,均覆盖一层角质层,角质化程度不同,角质层平均厚度分别约为14.78μm和12.53μm。在同一叶片的不同区域,叶表皮细胞形状及大小变化较大,叶中脉处的表皮细胞最大,为152.20μm×37.59μm,长/宽约为4.05;气孔区的表皮细胞形状不规则,细胞大小起伏较大,最大细胞为154.8μm×29.6μm,最小为43.1μm×47.1μm,平均大小为83.89μm×45.31μm,长/宽约为1.85;非气孔分布区的表皮细胞平均大小为99.13μm×40.17μm,长/宽约为2.47。气孔仅分布于下表皮中脉两侧,呈带状,每条气孔带含8~12列气孔,气孔密度为98~159个/mm2。雌雄植株不同高度叶片的气孔密度均从基部到株顶呈逐渐增加的趋势,但雌雄植株同一高度叶片的气孔密度变化差异不大。在同一高度的叶片中,阳面叶片的气孔密度普遍高于阴面叶片;在同一叶片中气孔密度最高的区域在叶片的中部,向两端逐渐减少,与叶片着生植株的雌雄、方位和高度无关。     

干旱胁迫条件下狗头枣叶片解剖学结构比较研究

[目的]探讨干旱胁迫条件下狗头枣叶片在解剖学方面的变化。[方法]栽养狗头枣嫁接苗,4个不同梯度干旱胁迫46d后,取植株相同部位的叶片,经过石蜡切片法制片,进行解剖结构的观察和比较分析。[结果]叶片厚度、上下表皮细胞的大小、第一层栅栏组织细胞的密集度等抗旱性指标呈现出规律性的变化。与对照组相比较,叶片厚度、上表皮细胞的大小、下表皮细胞的大小随干旱胁迫程度的增加而减小,第一层栅栏组织细胞的密集度随干旱胁迫程度的增加而增加。各处理间,狗头枣叶片厚度、上表皮细胞的大小、下表皮细胞的大小均为极显著性差异。而对于第一层栅栏组织细胞的密集度这一指标,轻度胁迫和中度胁迫与对照组间差异不显著。[结论]不同干旱胁迫条件下,叶片的解剖结构表现出明显的差异,为选育抗旱性强的枣树品种提供了解剖学依据。     

叶籽银杏叶形态特性研究

本研究以来自沂源县中国首次发现的叶籽银杏为试材,对其叶的形态特性进行了研究。结果表明,发育期内叶生拟胚珠叶的叶长、叶宽、叶鲜重和叶面积均较正常叶小,但两者的叶柄长几乎没有差异。遗传距离聚类分析结果表明,正常叶各形态指标分为3类,叶生拟胚珠叶分为2类。正常叶叶宽与叶鲜重的相关性最大,叶生拟胚珠叶叶长与叶鲜重的相关性最大。本文对叶籽银杏的形态学本质进行了讨论。     

玉带草光合特性的研究

采用CIRAS-2便携式光合仪对玉带草(Phalaris arundinacea var.picta)叶片细胞间CO_2浓度(Ci)、气孔导度(Gs)、净光合速率(Pn)和蒸腾速率(Tr)等有关参数进行测定,并进行光合特性的分析研究。结果表明,玉带草的净光合速率日变化为单峰曲线,在上午10:00达到最大值,此后呈下降趋势;玉带草的净光合速率随着光照度的增大而增大,在光照度1 400μmol/(m~2·s)时达到最大值;当CO_2浓度在0~1 000μmol/mol这一范围内时,玉带草净光合速率呈急速上升趋势。可得羧化效率为2.410 9;CO_2补偿点为3.08μmol/mol,CO_2饱和点为1 000μmol/mol。     

滇重楼内生真菌的分离及其对滇重楼种子胚发育的效应(英文)

[目的]本研究旨在分离滇重楼的内生真菌并探究其对内生真菌胚发育的效应。[方法]分离滇重楼的内生真菌并进行形态学鉴定,并用石蜡切片和显微照相术研究内生真菌并探究其对滇重楼种子胚发育的效应。[结果]从滇重楼根状茎中分离到9种属于3目、5科、7属的内生真菌,即PPYEF-1,PPYEF-2,PPYEF-3,PPYEF-4,PPYEF-5,PPYEF-6,PPYEF-7,PPYEF-8和PPYEF-9。除了PPYEF-4(枝孢霉属)外,其他真菌都能促进滇重楼种子的胚发育,大多数达到极显著或显著水平;PPYEF-9(木霉属)能导致滇重楼种子发育的最长胚长和最高胚率。[结论]本文可为滇重楼内生真菌在打破滇重楼种子休眠中的应用提供参考。     

金脉刺桐叶片上刺桐姬小蜂虫瘿结构及变化规律

在解剖镜下观察研究了金脉刺桐Erythrina variegatavar.orientalis(L.)Merr.叶片上刺桐姬小蜂Quadrastichus erythrinae Kim虫瘿结构比例及变化规律.结果表明,刺桐姬小蜂单个成熟瘤状虫瘿包括周围组织、内核、髓、内腔4部分.虫瘿的长、宽、高分别为4.13、3.59和3.49 mm,体积为29.000 mm3;内核的长、宽、高分别为2.63、2.50和2.81 mm,体积为12.400 mm3;内腔的长、宽、高分别为0.826、0.824和2.160 mm,体积为0.825 mm3.内核、内腔体积随着虫瘿体积增大而增大,两者占虫瘿体积的比例是不断变化的.内核所占比例先迅速增大,后增大速度减缓,最终进入平衡状态;内腔所占比例先增大,再缓慢降低.随着内核体积增大,内腔占内核的比例表现为不断降低,降低速率逐渐减小.建立了用于描述虫瘿体积-内核体积、虫瘿体积-内腔体积、内核体积-内腔体积、虫瘿体积-内核体积/虫瘿体积、虫瘿体积-内腔体积/虫瘿体积、内核体积-内腔体积/内核体积以及内核体积-内腔体积/内核体积等关系的多个方程.     

马尾松林下套种竹柏技术研究

在马尾松林下套种竹柏,通过不同林分郁闭度、不同套种密度的造林试验,对竹柏的生长表现进行了对比研究。结果表明,林分郁闭度、种植密度对竹柏的地径、树高和冠幅生长均有着显著影响。在郁闭度0.4、0.5下套种竹柏,宜采用900株·hm-2的种植密度;在郁闭度0.6、0.7下套种竹柏,宜采用500株·hm-2的种植密度。