不同采烤方式对烤烟上部烟叶质量的影响

[目的]研究烤烟上部叶不同采烤方式对烟叶质量的影响,寻找更加合理的上部叶采烤方式,提高上部叶综合利用率。[方法]采取对比试验方法,即对比上部叶实行一次性带茎采烤与常规采摘烘烤2种不同采烤方式对烤烟外观品质、烟叶主要化学成分及经济效益的影响。[结果]上部叶一次性带茎采收烘烤后的烟叶与常规采收烘烤烟叶相比,其橘黄烟比例增加,叶片厚度适中,有油分,光泽强,上等烟率明显较高,经济效益也较常规采收烘烤要好。尤其是上部叶一次性带茎采烤叶数为6片的表现最好,具有一定的推广应用价值。[结论]为全面推广上部叶一次性带茎采烤技术提供了有力支撑。     

Analysis of Stillbirth in Different Types of Sows

Statistical analysis was conducted on sow stillbirth traits of three mating types with 1686 litters including Erhualian, Large White and F1. The number of stillborn piglets per litter (NSB) in Erhualian,Large White and Fl averaged 0.87, 0.32, 0.72, and the percentage born alive (PBA) averaged 95.1%,97.1%, 95.7%, respectively. The Erhualian pig with a higher litter size also had a higher stillbirth rate. The results of the variance analysis indicated that the mating type, parity, farrowing year × farrowing season interaction and the total number born had highly significant effects on both NSB and PBA in sows (P ＜ 0.001).Farrowing season had highly significant effects on NSB (P ＜ 0.01), and significant effects on PBA (P ＜0.05). Farrowing year had no significant effects on NSB ( P ＞ 0.05), and highly significant effects on PBA (P＜0.01). From parity 1 to parity 10, the least square means for NSB progressively increased with increasing parity, the least square means for PBA progressively decreased with increasing parity. The sows farrowed in winter had the highest NSB and the lowest PBA, the sows farrowed in autumn had the lowest NSB and the highest PBA. The least square means for NSB markedly increased with an increase in the total number born,indicating that the positive phenotypic correlation existed between them. The least square means for PBA markedly decreased with an increase in the total number born, indicating that the negative phenotypic correlation existed between them. The estimating results of the paternal half sib indicated that the heritabilities for NSB and PBA were 0.111 and 0.123, the genetic correlation, phenotypic correlation and environmental correlation between them were - 0.985, - 0.947 and - 0.942, respectively.     

Selection and amplification of hosts from dynamic combinatorial libraries of macrocyclic disulfides

We have discovered two receptors for two different guests from a single dynamic combinatorial library. Each of the two guests amplifies the formation of a tightly binding host at the expense of unfit library members. Small differences in host-guest binding translate into useful differences in amplification. The selected hosts could be readily synthesized using biased dynamic libraries that contain only the right ratio of those building blocks that were selected by the guests. These results establish dynamic combinatorial chemistry as a practical method not only for the discovery but also for the synthesis of new receptors.     

光合菌剂对菜心产量和品质的效应评价

通过在菜心上喷施不同浓度光合菌剂的试验研究,筛选适合高产优质蔬菜生长的最佳施用浓度。结果表明:光合菌剂50~150倍液有极显著的增产效果,以100倍液的增产效果最好,商品产量增产率达10.2%,生物产量增产率达19.4%;光合菌剂具有显著提高菜心地上部氮、磷、钾吸收的效果,其中以100倍液的效果最好,吸收量增长率分别为N 27.1%、P2O530.2%、K2O33.6%;喷施光合细菌100倍液具有提高菜心品质的效果,维生素C和可溶糖含量增加15.5%和17.7%,菜心硝酸盐含量降低7.85%。     

DTN技术在环境监测网络中的应用

为有效解决恶劣环境下的野外环境监测数据采集网络数据传输率低的问题,将容迟网络（DTN）技术引入到环境监测网络构建中,节点采用存储转发的方式尽力传输数据包以应对频繁、长时间的网络中断。并在节点聚集分布的DTN环境下,研究基于ProPHET的泛播路由算法,并且提出一种基于节点运动趋势的泛播方法。仿真实验证明,该方法使平均消息传递率提高了约12%。     

拟除虫菊酯类农药多残留酶免疫分析方法的建立

 以间苯氧基苯甲酸(PBA)为半抗原，与牛血清蛋白偶联后免疫新西兰大白兔，获得对多种菊酯类农药有特异性的广谱性抗体。以6-氨基己酸法合成PBA与OVA之间含有六碳骨架的桥的偶联物作包被原，建立并优化了间接竞争ELISA检测方法，对PBA最低检出限达0.193 ?g·ml-1，抑制中浓度为3.707 ?g·ml-1，且对氯菊酯、甲氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、三氟氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯均有特异性识别，对氰戊菊酯识别弱，抑制中浓度分别为4.066、4.232、4.286、4.874、8.979、77.360 ?g·ml-1。结果表明，该抗体可用于多种菊酯类农药残留筛选检测。     

羟丙基-β-环糊精包埋性能研究

以复合物稳定常数为指标对羟丙基-β-环糊精（HPCD）与不同客体形成复合物的性能进行了研究。HPCD的取代度和取代基分布由甲基化分析测定。选取苯甲酸乙酯、甲基红和酚酞分别作为大小和构型不同的客体模型与HPCD作用,结合HPCD的结构特性,总结出了HPCD对不同客体的包埋规律。对于“较小”分子,HPCD的包埋能力远高于母体β-环糊精,羟丙基的“增溶”效应特别明显;对于“中等”分子,HPCD的包埋能力高于母体β-环糊精,低取代度时,羟丙基以“增溶”效应为主;对于“较大”分子,空间位阻是主导效应,HPED包埋能力低于β-环糊精。     

一种新的抗多环芳烃多克隆抗体的制备（英文）

为实现环境中多环芳烃(PAHs)污染物的快速检测,制备了抗多环芳烃多克隆抗体,用于多环芳烃免疫学检测试剂盒的研制。采用活性酯法将半抗原芘丁酸(1-PBA)分别于牛血清白蛋白(BSA)和卵清白蛋白(OVA)进行偶联,获得PBA-BSA和PBA-OVA偶联物,以PBA-BSA偶联物免疫新西兰大白兔,获得针对多环芳烃的抗血清。以PBA-OVA偶联物为包被原,间接ELISA法检测抗血清,效价为102 400,经纯化后得到多克隆抗体。采用间接竞争ELISA法绘制了针对芘的标准曲线,得到该方法的IC50值为0.06 mg/L,检出限为0.01 mg/L。与16种多环芳烃的交叉反应实验结果表明该抗体对高环PAHs的亲和力较高。反应体系中添加低于40%的甲醇对ELISA结果无影响。该抗体的制备及特性鉴定对后续多环芳烃酶联免疫试剂盒的开发奠定了技术基础。     

信阳茶俗和茶艺

信阳有得天独厚的自然条件,悠久的制茶、种茶历史。千百年来,信阳人以茶为媒,在生产和生活中形成了独具特色的信阳茶文化。本文着重介绍信阳以茶敬客的饮茶习俗、以茶为礼的风习及信阳毛尖茶艺。     

中国热带农业科学院拓宽国际科技合作的策略研究

中国热区小,世界热区大,与世界其它热带农业国家开展国际合作,是提高中国热带农业科技创新能力、促进中国热带农业＂走出去＂的必要途径。近年来,中国热带农业科学院的国际科技合作已实现了从＂迎来送往＂向＂项目-人才-基地＂合作模式的转变,但仍存在合作项目和经费不足,合作的宽度和深度不够等问题。文章针对这些现状,提出中国热带农业科学院拓宽国际科技合作的策略与建议。     

形状记忆聚氨酯的研究

通过本体预聚法,制备了具有嵌段结构的PBA/TDI/BDO(聚己二酸丁二醇酯/2,4—甲苯二异氰酸酯/1,4—丁二醇)体系的SMPU(形状记忆聚氨酯)。利用DSC测试了该体系的形变温度,同时讨论了该体系的形状记忆行为、拉伸力学性能等。结果发现,该体系有很好的形状记忆性能,拉伸强度为8.127 MPa,形变温度在40℃左右,断裂身长率大于223%,形变回复率为97.7%,邵氏A硬度为93。     

瓜环家族新成员——半瓜环超分子化学研究进展

本文总结了一类新型大环化合物--半瓜环的发展历程,包括半瓜环的合成及结构特点;半瓜环与金属离子、阴离子及小分子主客体作用;半瓜环在超分子催化中的应用及底物结构对其催化性能的影响;新型半瓜环,例如环己基半瓜环和竹节半瓜环的合成及其超分子化学性质;作为一种新型的大环化合物,半瓜环的研究目前处于起步阶段,在超分子化学的基础研究及相关的应用研究方面有着广阔的前景.     

Diels-alder in aqueous molecular hosts: unusual regioselectivity and efficient catalysis

Self-assembled, hollow molecular structures are appealing as synthetic hosts for mediating chemical reactions. However, product binding has inhibited catalytic turnover in such systems, and selectivity has rarely approached the levels observed in more structurally elaborate natural enzymes. We found that an aqueous organopalladium cage induces highly unusual regioselectivity in the Diels-Alder coupling of anthracene and phthalimide guests, promoting reaction at a terminal rather than central anthracene ring. Moreover, a similar bowl-shaped host attains efficient catalytic turnover in coupling the same substrates (although with the conventional regiochemistry), most likely because the product geometry inhibits the aromatic stacking interactions that attract the planar reagents to the host.     

唐诗中的乡村生活

在我国隋唐时期,村从法令上被肯定为地方行政末梢组织。唐代的乡村盛行着男耕女织、犁耕火耕的劳动习俗,农业“望天收”的局面相当明显。农人们通过唱歌、聊天的方式进行娱乐消遣,乡间开展的占卜、祭祀带有浓厚的“农本”色彩。由于畏官尚客、重情重义的大众心理特征流行,农家有着不同的待人之道。此外,唐代田家服饰取材广、实用性强,颜色多以白、绿、黑为主,具有地域特色。     

Helix-rod host-guest complexes with shuttling rates much faster than disassembly

Dynamic assembly is a powerful fabrication method of complex, functionally diverse molecular architectures, but its use in synthetic nanomachines has been hampered by the difficulty of avoiding reversible attachments that result in the premature breaking apart of loosely held moving parts. We show that molecular motion can be controlled in dynamically assembled systems through segregation of the disassembly process and internal translation to time scales that differ by four orders of magnitude. Helical molecular tapes were designed to slowly wind around rod-like guests and then to rapidly slide along them. The winding process requires helix unfolding and refolding, as well as a strict match between helix length and anchor points on the rods. This modular design and dynamic assembly open up promising capabilities in molecular machinery.     

Delegates from South Korea visited HAAS

On July 4,2000,Koo Ja Woong,Dean of College of Agriculture Chonbuk National University (CNU),Republic of Korea and Park Hong Suk,Director of Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology,CNU. And their party,in total five persons paid a friendly visit to HAAS. In the company of Tian Jirong,President of HAAS,the guests visited the building complex and workshops of Hunan Vegetable Research Institute,the exhibition hall of Hunan Research Center of Rare Earth Application in Agriculture,and the experimental fields of Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center. July 5,at the solemn signing ceremony,HAAS concluded friendly agreements with the two institutes which will promote educational and academic exchange and cooperation between the twoparties.     

传统文化视域下的潮州工夫茶

潮州工夫茶是广东省潮汕地区一带特有的饮茶习俗,列入《国家级非物质文化遗产名录》,以历史悠久、形式完整、独具特色而闻名。潮州人不可一日无茶,以茶待客更是其礼仪传统,而潮州工夫茶更是融精神、礼节、沏泡手法、巡茶艺术、评品质量为一体的完整的茶道形式。本文从潮州工夫茶的历史演变、茶道的文化内涵等方面展开论述,为潮州工夫茶在文化领域的研究提供理论基础。     

六甲基六元瓜环与紫精衍生物作用体系及其除草活性研究

以紫精衍生物为研究对象,利用核磁共振技术、紫外吸收光谱和循环伏安法等方法,发现六甲基六元瓜环包结了紫精衍生物的烷基部分,形成2∶1比例的哑铃型包结配合物.结果表明,随着紫精衍生物烷基链的增长,紫精衍生物对杂草的除草活性依次减弱,且六甲基六元瓜环可增强紫精衍生物的除草活性.     

略论中国的劝酒文化

劝酒是中国酒文化的一项重要内容,古今均甚为流行,劝酒的主要原因在于敬客尽兴。劝酒有术,古今劝酒多用口头语言,一类语言是甜言蜜语,正面恭维,劝客饮酒;另一类劝酒语则是反面激将,进行道德绑架,逼人饮酒。除用嘴巴言语劝酒外,也有诉诸舞蹈动作的。拒酒有方,巧舌如簧的,亦逞口舌之利,可用嘴巴拒酒;笨嘴拙舌的,坚守抱一不饮酒,始终滴酒不沾唇。     

Role of solvent-host interactions that lead to very large swelling of hybrid frameworks

An unusually large expansion upon solvent adsorption occurs without apparent bond breaking in the network of a series of isoreticular chromium(III) or iron(III) diarboxylates labeled MIL-88A to D [dicarbox = fumarate (88A); terephthalate (1,4-BDC) (88B); 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate (2,6-NDC) (88C); and 4-4'-biphenyldicarboxylate (4-4'-BPDC) (88D)]. This reversible "breathing" motion was analyzed in terms of cell dimensions (extent of breathing), movements within the framework (mechanism of transformation), and the interactions between the guests and the skeleton. In situ techniques show that these flexible solids are highly selective absorbents and that this selectivity is strongly dependent on the nature of the organic linker.