小叶杨种子贮藏试验研究

这项历时十年的试验,通过对小叶杨种子进行不同采种期和不同贮藏方法的研究,得出以下规律: 1.小叶杨种子最佳采种期为6月上中旬。 2.低温、干燥、密封条件是延长小叶杨种子寿命的最优环境。 3.小叶杨种子在一般环境下贮藏寿命为1～2年,而在低温环境下贮藏可延长到6～7年。 4.小叶杨种子贮藏时安全含水量以2～5％为宜。     

红树植物海漆育苗试验

对红树植物海漆的采种、种子贮藏、育苗、苗木生长等相关技术进行研究,结果表明,在海南东寨港海漆植物最佳采种期为5月下旬到7上旬;种子不耐贮藏,应随采即播;采用营养土育苗为好,播种发芽率为78.3%;育苗6个月平均高为33.5cm,平均地径为0.38cm。在育苗过程中遇干旱海水盐度升高或低温时,均可抑制苗木生长。     

厦门地区常见绿化树种的种苗培育技术初探

通过多年的园林苗圃试验与生产实践 ,对一些厦门地区常见的绿化树种的采种期、种子处理、种子贮藏、育苗方法及苗木抚育等种苗培育技术进行了较为全面的探讨     

大青杨种子的调制与贮藏

对大青杨种子的调制,过去采用室内阴干法,由于工时长,占地多,不适应需要。杨树种子小,贮藏条件要求严格,许多地方和单位都是当年采种,当年育苗。由于生长期短,苗木过小,当年还达不到成苗标准,出不了圃。为了解决这一矛盾,近两年来,我们对大青杨种子的调制采取了日光曝晒,干燥密封贮藏,翌年春播育苗的方法,当年就达到了成苗标准。这种方法工艺简单,速度较快,经济效果好。     

长期贮藏对马尾松种子品质的影响*

利用３个气候带５个产地的马尾松种子，采取２种贮藏方法贮藏，采种后１１ａ里对贮藏种子逐年进行品质测定。常温开放贮藏法，种子贮藏３－４ａ发芽率降到２％－０％，几乎丧失生活力；而２－４℃低温密封贮藏法，。可使北亚热带种子贮藏８ａ，中亚热带种子１０ａ以上，南亚热带种子３－４，此时，种子发芽率仍能保持在贮藏前发芽率的７０％。可供生产上继续使用。贮藏种子必须是发育正常，完全成熟的种子，为此应在最适采种期采种。     

珍贵树种榉木芽苗移栽技术研究

对榉林采种、种子处理、贮藏及芽苗移栽进行了试验研究,其在不同密度培育榉木苗木中,10cm×20cm、15cm×20cm密度苗木生长量的增加较为均匀,较为适宜苗木的生长,产苗量适中,比较适合生产应用,而20cm×20cm密度比较适合大径苗的生长。     

枫杨种子秋播育苗技术

对枫杨的种子采集、催芽方法 ,随采随播芽苗移栽容器育苗和木田育苗方法等进行了试验研究 ,结果表明枫杨种子在秋季采种后即催芽 ,采用芽苗移栽容器育苗和大田育苗方法快速繁育枫杨苗木 ,翌年 2～ 3月苗木均可出圃造林     

侧柏的秋季采种与育苗

侧柏耐干旱瘠薄 ,是石质山区造林的主要树种之一。我国北方春旱少雨、低温 ,春季侧柏育苗发芽迟 ,出苗率低 ,苗木质量差 ,当年不能造林。根据实践经验 ,秋季随采随育可以减少贮藏种子的麻烦 ,充分利用秋季水源 ,保证苗木需水 ,特别对山区旱地育苗更为有利。秋季育苗还可提前一年供应苗木。具体技术要点 :1　及时采种侧柏种子一般在 9月上、中旬成熟 ,采种时应掌握在种壳发黄时抓紧采收。采后晒干 ,去杂备用。2　浸种催芽先用两开一凉兑成 50～ 6 0℃的温水 ,浸泡 2 4ｈ后 ,再将浮在水面上　　　　　的空秕种子去除 ,而后把沉在水下的好种子…     

蚊母树育苗技术研究

通过在云南林林自然中心苗圃对蚊母树进行育苗试验，对蚊母树的生产育苗技术进行探索，归纳总结了蚊母树的生产育苗技术，包括采种期、种子千料重、育苗地的准备、播种方法、种子发芽过程、场圃发芽率、苗木生长量与育苗期的选择、苗木分级、种植密度、产苗量、播种量、播种后及苗期的管理、培育地苗和培育营养袋苗的差别、病虫害防治技术等项。     

珍稀树种的种苗繁殖研究

本文对１０种珍稀树种的采种期、采种方法、种子处理、贮藏方法、育苗方法以及幼苗形态特征等进行了较为系统的介绍。     

普通密封干藏条件下油松 落叶松、侧柏、海棠种子的安全含水量

油松等供试种子在室内密封干藏条件下,原种子含水量越高,其发芽率越低,1—2年内,保存合格种子的最佳安全含水量分别刊为:油松7％,落叶松6.1—8.5％、侧柏8.6％,海棠8％。同时,供试种子发芽率还随贮藏年限的延长,呈现最佳安全含水量渐低的趋势。为保存合格的种子,油松4—5年内最佳安全含水量为6—5％,落叶松(4年)7—6％,侧柏(6年)7—5％,海棠(6年)2.4％。     

西南桦种子贮藏试验

本研究设置干燥、布袋与保鲜袋包装以及系列温度处理，开展了3a西南桦种子贮藏试验。结果表明：布袋与保鲜袋处理对西南桦种子贮藏影响极不影响；在常温常规条件下，西南桦种子贮藏3个月即失去生活力，而在常温干燥条件下，西南桦种子贮藏10个月种子发芽率尚未显著下降；在15℃条件下贮藏10个月几乎丧失发芽能力，非常有趣的，西南桦种子在10、5、0℃和－5℃各温度条件下贮藏3a，效果十分理想，10℃似乎是西南桦种子低温贮藏的临界温度。本研究促进了西南桦的扩大栽培和基因资源的保存。     

ORGANIC SUBSTANCE METABOLISM DURING SEED GERMINATION OF PINUS BUNGEANA

The metabolism of fats,proteins and carbohydrates and change of enzyme ofseeds of pinus bungeana during the germination were conducted by the methods of gas-—liquid chromatography,flow injection,colorimetric analysis of spectrophotometer,toprovide theoretical basis for seeds dormancy,germination and storage of seeds of foresttree.The results indicate that(1)carbohydrates were first utilized during germination ofseed of pinus bungeana;(2)stored substances in seeds began to decompose quickly afterradicale broke through seed coats;(3)the activity of enzymes in the seeds does not alwayscoincides with the increase or decrease in quantity of its responsible substance duringgermination of the seed.Changes in stored substance relate to metabalism of othermetabolism of other materials and the use of hydrolysates.     

Organic substance metabolism during seed germination ofPinus bungeana

The metabolism of fats, proteins and carbohydrates and change of enzyme of seeds ofpinus bungeana during the germination were conducted by the methods of gas-liquid chromatography, flow injection, colorimetric analysis of spectrophotometer, to provide theoretical basis for seeds dormancy, germination and storage of seeds of forest tree. The results indicate that (1) carbohydrates were first utilized during germination of seed ofpinus bungeana; (2) stored substances in seeds began to decompose quickly after radicale broke through seed coats; (3) the activity of enzymes in the seeds does not always coincides with the increase or decrease in quantity of its responsible substance during germination of the seed. Changes in stored substance relate to metabalism of other metabolism of other materials and the use of hydrolysates.     

高山红景天种子散布模式与种子发芽试验

1997年调查了长白山地区(Rhodiola sachalinensis)种子散布,发现高山红景天种子散布方向是不均匀的,以东部和西部最多。发芽试验的种子采自吉林省长白山和黑龙江省大海林迁地保护基地。种子采集后立刻用2%KNO3处理10小时、0.02%GA3处理5小时,结果显示迁地保护基地的高山红景天种子萌发率(85.33%)明显高于长白山(72.66%)。在0～5℃下贮存10个月之后,经上述不同浓度的激素处理,再测定发芽率。结果表明其发芽率为与刚采收时的发芽率(72.66%)差别不大,说明低温处理可明显延长种子寿命,同时发现,种子发芽率在一定程度上随激素浓度的增加而提高。图参9。     

8种造林树种不同催芽方法种子发芽率比较

研究了日本落叶松、山杏等8种造林树种在不同催芽处理下种子的发芽率,得出了8种造林树种的最佳催芽方法：1）日本落叶松种子为雪藏法,发芽率达88．2％。2）刺槐种子播种前10天用10倍体积的90℃水处理,发芽率为91．8％。3）黄菠萝种子宜在保持不干的状态下低温处理,发芽率为85．3％。4）水曲柳、刺五加果实采收、种子取出后立即进行高、中、低温沙藏,其发芽率分别为90．0％和92．0％。5）文冠果种子宜播种前进行3个月的低温沙藏,发芽率为95．3％。6）辽东栎种子应采收后立即低温沙藏,发芽率为94．0％。7）山杏种子宜在1月初浸泡并进行低温沙藏,发芽率为91．7％。     

Effects of seed water content and storage temperature on the germination parameters of white spruce, black spruce and lodgepole pine seed

The effect of seed water content (WC) (2–3, 5–6 and 22–25%, on a fresh weight basis), storage temperature (+4, −20, −80 and −196°C) and storage duration (6, 12, 24, 48 and 60 months) on the germination of white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss), black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) seed was investigated. Germination of white spruce control (untreated) seeds and seeds adjusted to 2–3% and 5–6% WC declined after 48 months of storage at −80 and −196°C, with a further decline at 60 months at −20, −80, −196°C. Germination remained high when control white spruce seeds and seeds with 2–3, 5–6% WC were stored at +4°C, over all storage durations. Generally, black spruce and lodgepole pine exhibited high germination at all storage temperatures at 2–3% and 5–6% WC as well as the control (untreated) seed, for up to 60 months in storage. Germination declined for all three species when seed was conditioned to 22–25% WC. This loss in germination was partially recovered in white spruce seed stored at +4, −20 and −80°C after storage durations of 24, 12 and 48 months, respectively, and in black spruce seeds stored at −20 and −196°C after storage durations of 24 months. Mean germination time (MGT) was relatively constant for all species, under all conditions, except for seed conditioned to 22–25% WC, where MGT increased for white spruce seed stored 48 months at −80 and −196°C, and for black spruce seed stored 24 months at +4 and −80°C and 60 months at −196°C. These results show that the optimal storage temperatures are 4°C for white spruce, and 4, −20, −80, and −196°C for black spruce and lodgepole pine, and 2–6% water content is optimal for all 3 species at these temperatures.     

蒙古栎秋播种育苗技术的研究

自１９９３年起对本局大趟子苗圃进行了蒙古栎秋播育苗试验,并对蒙古栎从采种、种子调制、田间管理及起苗、留床、造林等环节上形成了一套完整的科学育苗方法,避免了春播育苗种子储藏和鼠害等一系列不利问题,研究探索了最佳播种量和最佳经营密度。     

The effect of seed pretreatment and sowing date on the nursery emergence of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis [Bong.] Carr.) seedlings

Sitka spruce seeds which had been: (1) untreated (U), (2) prechilled(P), or (3) prechilled and then redried and stored for 16 months(R), were sown into progressively warmer seed beds on four datesat monthly intervals from March to June. At each sowing date,samples of seed were germinated in the laboratory at optimum(20°C) and sub-optimum (10°C) temperatures. Prechillingand prechilling + redrying both increased the rate and totalamount of germination compared with untreated seed at each testtemperature. However in the nursery, the beneficial effectsof pretreating Sitka spruce seed were restricted to sowing inMarch and April when soil temperatures were sub-optimal forthe germination of untreated seeds. Pretreatment resulted inrapid seedling emergence at soil temperatures between 10°Cand 15°C, whereas untreated seed germinated slowly and seedlingemergence continued until high soil temperatures in June killedungerminated seeds. The pattern of seedling emergence from theredried seed was similar to that from the prechilled seed, exceptfor a lag in the start of seedling emergence probably due tothe extra time needed for redried seed to imbibe water in theseed beds. Thus redrying caused insignificant loss of seed performanceon the nursery. Seed sown in May and June experienced average temperatures closeto the optimum for germination of 20°C, however daily maximaregularly exceeded 35°C resulting in the cessation of seedlingemergence in all three seed treatments, and the loss of newlyemerged seedlings. Periods of warm weather from June onwardswere the main factors limiting the final number and size ofseedlings.     

Longevity of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Juniperus procera</Emphasis> seed lots under different storage conditions: implications for ex situ conservation in seed banks

Juniperus procera Endl. is economically important timber species, but its populations are extremely small and fragmented in its natural habitat, thus, calling for immediate ex situ conservation. Here we examined the effects of seed sources and storage temperature on the longevity of Juniperus procera seed lots through collection and preservation of seeds in seed banks. Seeds were collected from nine sites across the species natural distribution in Ethiopia and stored in four warehouses: modern cold room (5℃), mud house (15℃), concrete block house (17℃ or corrugated iron house (20℃) for 42 months. Every three months, a random sample of stored seeds were drawn and tested for germination. A highly significant variation (p < 0.01) in germination of stored seeds was observed among different storage environments, seed lots, and duration of storage. Over the storage period, seeds stored in the cold room had the highest mean percentage germination, followed by the mud house, corrugated house and blocket house. The cold room (41%) and the mud house (38%) maintained the same level of germination as the intitial germination of the seedlotds (42%). The variation in longevity of stored seeds was significnatly correlated with the initial germination of seed lots (r > 0.80; p < 0.01). Cold storage also resulted in enhancement of germination through its stratification effect that terminated the non-deepphysiological dormancy of juniper seeds. In conclusion, seed lots with good initial germination can be effectively stored in cold room (5℃) up to four years. In the absence of modern cold stores, mud houses can be used as a good alternative to store seeds at local level.