中草药复方搽剂防治奶牛乳房炎的效果观察

试验用中草药复方透皮吸收搽剂防治奶牛乳房炎,共治疗临床型奶牛乳房炎18例.治愈16例,与抗生素联合用药治愈2例,治愈率达88.9%,有效率为100%:通过体细胞(SCC)的检测判断其对隐性乳房炎的影响.结果表明,试验所用中草药搽剂对降低牛乳中体细胞数,防治奶牛隐性乳房炎有着良好的效果.     

市售消毒纯牛乳中抗生素残留的检测

在奶牛饲养中,为了促进奶牛的生长和泌乳,减少发病率、提高饲料报酬,人们常常在饲料中添加抗生素类饲料添加剂。也经常用抗生素治疗奶牛的各种疾病。特别是对奶牛乳房炎的治疗,有时甚至用抗生素直接进行乳房部位注射。这样,在一定时期内,乳中就会有抗生素残留。乳及乳制品中的抗生素残留问题倍受人们关注。自世界卫生组织(WHO)1979年正式将抗生素列为被检测污染物后,许多国家规定消毒乳中不得有抗生素残留。我国食品卫生标准中规定,消毒乳中不得检出抗生素[1]。农业部2001年发布的无公害食品行业标准中,也明确规定牛乳中“抗生素不得检出…     

榆林地区奶牛乳房炎的不同治疗方法的研究

为了减小乳房炎对奶牛业的危害,提高奶牛的泌乳量及品质,对120头患隐性乳房炎的奶牛随机分为3组,采用不同的治疗方法进行治疗。A组采用中草药进行治疗,为50头奶牛;B组用抗生素进行治疗,为50头奶牛;C组为对照组,不使用任何药物,为20头奶牛。结果表明:①A组使用中草药进行治疗,共治愈40头,治愈率高达80%,有效头数为47头,有效率高达94%,差异极显著(P<0.01);B组使用抗生素药物进行治疗,15d后共治愈17头,治愈率为34%,有效头数为22头,有效率为44%,差异显著(P<0.05);C组不使用任何药物,2头自愈,1头好转。②A组在治疗前,平均每头奶牛产奶量为18.5kg,经过15d用药后,产奶量增加到27.5kg,净增加9kg,差异极显著(P<0.01);B组在治疗前,平均每头奶牛产奶量为19.5kg,经过15d治疗后,产奶量为22.5kg,增加3kg,差异显著(P<0.05);C组不使用任何治疗措施,由于病情的加重,产奶量由原来的18.5kg降到了14.5kg,下降了4kg,损失较严重。结果:中草药治疗隐性乳房炎是目前比较好的治疗方法。     

蒲公英散及其水提物对奶牛临床型乳房炎疗效试验

为了探究蒲公英散及其水提物对奶牛临床型乳房炎疗效，试验将12头健康奶牛作为对照组(A组),试验过程中不给予任何药物；将24头临床型乳房炎奶牛随机分为蒲公英散灌服组(B组，灌服蒲公英散，每头每天250 g)和乳房灌注蒲公英散水提物组(C组，乳房灌注蒲公英散水提物，每头每天100 mL),1次/d,连续给药7 d,观察至第12天。给药后根据乳房或患病乳区的临床症状、产奶量、泌乳和乳汁质量判断治愈情况，统计治愈率、有效率和无效率；分别在试验第1,4,7,12天检测试验奶牛的产奶量、乳汁体细胞数和炎性因子[肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)]的质量浓度。结果表明：B、C组治疗的有效率分别为41.67%和75.00%,治愈率分别25.00%和58.33%。B、C组奶牛乳汁体细胞数及乳清IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α质量浓度在试验第1,4,7,12天均极显著高于A组(P<0.01),但随用药时间延长呈下降趋势；而B、C组产奶量在试验第1,4,7,12天均极显著低于A组(P<0.01),并随用...     

奶牛乳房炎无乳链球菌Fc-Sip和金黄色葡萄球菌Fc-FnBPB-ClfA亚单位疫苗的免疫试验研究

为探究由IgG FcRn介导奶牛乳房炎无乳链球菌(S. agalactiae,Sgc)和金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus,Sau)保护性抗原亚单位疫苗的免疫效果,在本实验室前期研究基础上,本研究按体积11的比例将Sgc的Fc-Sip和Sau的Fc-FnBPB-ClfA两种蛋白分别与1%的盐酸左旋咪唑(1%LH)充分混合,制备两种亚单位疫苗。将即将干奶(妊娠220 d)、CMT试验为"++"以上的奶牛随机分为4组,分别将Fc-Sip+Fc-FnBPB-ClfA二联亚单位疫苗(A组)、Fc-Sip亚单位疫苗(B组)、Fc-FnBPB-ClfA亚单位疫苗(C组)通过首次肌肉免疫和二次乳头管灌注免疫方式进行免疫试验。通过免疫前后对乳样细菌分离、体细胞数测定及免疫血清抗体滴度测定,评价上述亚单位疫苗的免疫效果。结果显示,免疫前免疫组(A、B、C)奶牛的乳样细菌分离率分别为80%、90%、80%,其中Sgc检出率分别为20%、30%、10%,Sau检出率分别为30%、20%、10%;首免90 d后3个免疫组奶牛乳样细菌分离率分别降至20%、20%、40%,其中Sgc的检出率分别降至0、0、10%,Sau的检出率分别降至10%、10%、0,对照组免疫前后以上各项检测无明显变化。使用利拉伐牛奶体细胞检测仪检测免疫前后试验奶牛乳样中的体细胞数,免疫前免疫组(A、B、C)奶牛体细胞数均值分别为6.19×105个/mL、5.16×105个/mL、5.49×105个/mL,首免90 d后3个免疫组奶牛乳样中体细胞数均值分别为2.05×105个/mL、2.04×105个/mL、2. 52×105个/mL,而对照组奶牛乳样体细胞数与免疫前无明显变化。检测首免后0、7 d、14 d、28 d、60 d、90 d的血清抗体滴度,结果显示,首免后7 d,免疫组(A、B、C)80%的奶牛血清抗体滴度为11 024;第14 d后,免疫组(A、B、C)90%奶牛血清抗体滴度达到12 048;第28 d后,免疫组(A、B、C)80%奶牛血清抗体滴度在14 096～18 192,比对照组平均上升3～4个抗体滴度,对照组奶牛血清抗体滴度一直保持在1256～1512。综合分析以上试验结果显示免疫A组(Fc-Sip+Fc-FnBPB-ClfA)综合免疫效果在各免疫组中最佳。本研究结果表明Fc-Sip+Fc-FnBPB-ClfA二联亚单位疫苗对无乳链球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌性奶牛乳房炎具有较好的治疗和预防作用,为奶牛隐形乳房炎的防治提供了实验依据。     

复方蒲公英喷雾剂对奶牛隐性乳房炎的疗效观察

运用复方蒲公英喷雾剂对奶牛隐性乳房炎进行疗效观察。将CMT法检测呈阳性的奶牛分3组：复方蒲公英喷雾剂组,中药对照组,空白对照组。给药后用CMT诊断液检测治疗情况。结果发现,复方蒲公英喷雾剂对奶牛隐性乳房炎的治愈率达88.9%,有效率97.2%;中药对照组治愈率56.5%,有效率82.6%。表明复方蒲公英喷雾剂对奶牛隐性乳房炎有良好的治疗效果,使用方便,适于临床应用。     

乳房炎治疗后牛奶中的抗生素残留

乳房炎是奶牛的常见病。在我国，治疗此病的常规方法是采用抗生素直接经乳头注入患病乳房，从而造成抗生素在牛乳中残留。牛奶中药物残留会危害消费者的身体健康，影响食品公共卫生。因此，各国对抗生素在牛奶中的残留有严格限制，不允许可检出抗生素的牛奶上市。随着抗生...     

正交法筛选治疗奶牛乳房炎蒙药复方中最佳抗炎免疫成分复方的研究

为了筛选治疗奶牛乳房炎蒙药复方"特润舒都乐"中最佳的抗炎免疫成分复方,试验测定了奶牛乳房炎主要致病菌大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和链球菌的单菌最低致死浓度(MLD)及混合菌液80%MLD;并以80%MLD的混合菌液感染小鼠,给小鼠灌服正交试验设计所得蒙药复方中的抗炎免疫成分复方,测定其在体内的抑菌效果。结果表明:混合菌液的80%MLD(腹腔注射0.1 mL/只)为大肠杆菌1.0×108cfu/mL、金黄色葡萄球菌1.0×108cfu/mL和链球菌0.5×109cfu/mL;最佳蒙药抗炎免疫成分复方为A2B2C3D1E2F1G3,即A、B和E采用中剂量,C采用高剂量,D、F和G不用药。     

乳头药浴涂膜剂对奶牛乳房炎的临床疗效

为观察乳头药浴涂膜剂对奶牛隐性乳房炎的预防效果,选择隐性乳房炎奶牛60头,随机分为5组,每组12头。试验Ⅰ组为对照组,Ⅱ组为4%次氯酸钠组,Ⅲ组为0.5%洗必泰组,Ⅳ组为1%碘伏组,Ⅴ组为药浴涂膜剂浸组。在第0、30、60、90天采用SCC法和CMT法检测牛乳中体细胞数,并记录临床型奶牛乳房炎的发病数和发病率,同时记录各组奶牛泌乳总量和平均泌乳量。结果:同对照组相比,各试验组均能显著降低隐性乳房炎病牛体细胞数,且对奶牛乳脂、乳蛋白、乳糖及乳汁p H值、比重、日均泌乳量几乎没有影响。用于预防奶牛隐性乳房炎时,试验Ⅲ、Ⅴ的效果高于试验Ⅱ、Ⅳ组,差异显著(P0.05)。在进行奶牛隐性乳房炎临床治疗试验时,试验Ⅴ组对隐性乳房炎的治愈率和有效率分别为77.78%、88.89%,远高于其他各组。结论:奶牛乳头药浴涂膜剂是一种更适合于进行临床防治奶牛隐性乳房炎的新型奶牛药浴药物,对临床型奶牛乳房炎有较好的预防效果,可以作为预防类药物用于奶牛生产中,降低奶牛乳房炎的发生率。     

药乳炎消油剂治疗奶牛乳房炎的效果观察

乳房炎是奶牛的一种常见多发病。目前,多采用抗生素治疗,由于病菌对抗生素的耐药性越来越强,用抗生素治疗奶牛临床型乳房炎,用药剂量越来越大,疗效一年比一年差,且导致牛奶中含有大量的药物残留,严重影响牛奶质量。寻找有效治疗方法,解决牛奶中抗生素残留问题,已成为畜牧兽医工作者重要的研究课题。杭州元亨畜牧兽医研究所经过多年研制成功了治疗牛乳房炎的纯中药制剂——乳炎消油剂。为推广应用提供依据,笔者于 1999年夏季进行了乳炎消油剂治疗奶牛乳房炎的对比试验,取得良好效果,现报告如下。 1供试药物 　　(1)乳炎消油剂 杭…     

金华市某奶牛场奶牛隐性乳房炎发病情况分析

对金华市某奶牛场200头健康泌乳牛的770个乳区进行隐性乳房炎检测,连续检测3个月,结果显示:该牛场隐性乳房炎的个体房炎的发生率与挤奶操作程序、月份、泌乳期、胎次、产奶量有很大关系。     

Relationship between leukocyte population and nutritive conditions in dairy herds with frequently appearing mastitis

To clarify the relationship between cellular immune status and nutritive condition, feeding program, blood profiles, and leukocyte populations were analyzed in two dairy herds experiencing frequent mastitis. Fourteen of the 35 lactating cows in herd A, and 18 of the 50 lactating cows in herd B scored positive on the California Mastitis Test (CMT), and 3 of the 73 lactating cows were CMT positive in herd C, which was the control. All herds were evaluated during five different milking stages, and blood was collected from five cows at each stage. With regard to feed content, the percentages of total digestible nutrients (TDN) and crude protein (CP) were found to be lower in herds A and B than in herd C. Levels of serum total cholesterol and blood urea nitrogen were lower in herds A and B than those in herd C. Neutrophil counts in herds A and B were increased compared to the neutrophil counts in herd C. On the other hand, the numbers of CD3(+) T cells and CD14-MHC class(+) cells were lower in herd A and B than in herd C. A decrease in peripheral lymphocytes and undernourishment were observed in the herds with frequent occurring mastitis.     

Association of California Mastitis Test Scores with Intramammary Infection Status in Lactating Dairy Cows Admitted to a Veterinary Teaching Hospital

Background

Subclinical mastitis is of concern in veterinary hospitals because contagious mastitis pathogens might be unknowingly transmitted to susceptible cows and then back to their farm of origin.

Objectives

To evaluate the California mastitis test (CMT) as an indicator of intramammary infection (IMI) in lactating dairy cows admitted to a veterinary hospital.

Animals

A total of 139 admissions of 128 lactating dairy cows admitted to the University of Illinois Veterinary Teaching Hospital over a 2‐year period.

Methods

A retrospective study with a convenience sample was conducted. Medical records of cows with CMT results and milk culture results for the day of admission were reviewed. Breed, age, season, maximum CMT score for the 4 quarters, maximum CMT score difference, and clinical diagnosis were evaluated as predictors of IMI by the chi‐square test and stepwise logistic regression.

Results

An IMI was identified in 51% of quarters. For cows admitted without evidence of clinical mastitis, the sensitivity of a CMT score ≥trace in predicting an IMI on a quarter or cow basis was 0.45 and 0.68, respectively. The distributions of maximal quarter CMT score and the maximum difference in quarter CMT score for cows without evidence of clinical mastitis did not differ (P = 0.28, P = 0.84, respectively) for cows with and without IMI. Stepwise logistic regression did not identify significant predictors of IMI in cows without clinical mastitis.

Conclusions

Lactating dairy cattle admitted to a veterinary hospital should be managed as if they have an IMI, even in the absence of clinical mastitis.     

北疆奶牛隐性乳房炎的调查与分析

[目的]为了解北疆某牧场奶牛隐性乳房炎情况及分析其可能存在的风险因素。[方法]2020年1月至2022年9月通过加州乳房炎检测法（CMT）对该牧场在群泌乳牛进行隐性乳房炎调查,并初步分析该场可能存在的主要风险因素。[结果]该牧场2020—2022年各年奶牛隐性乳房炎平均阳性率分别为3.69%（110/2 980）、5.01%（150/2 993）和3.87%（86/2 220）;乳区阳性率分别为0.93%（110/11 856）、1.35%（160/11 880）和0.97%（86/8 860）;瞎乳头率分别为0.13%（16/11 920）、0.19%（23/11 972）和0.23%（20/8 880）;夏季隐性乳房炎阳性率明显高于其他季节,奶牛各乳区隐性乳房炎阳性率差异不显著（P>0.05）,不同胎次间的奶牛隐性乳房炎平均阳性率差异性显著（P<0.05）,5胎和6胎及以上牛的隐性乳房炎平均阳性率均明显高于其他胎次。[结论]该牧场奶牛隐性乳房炎发生率较低但仍需改善,夏季炎热潮湿的饲养环境和高龄奶牛更易发生热应激,奶牛身免疫力下降等原因可能是该牧场奶牛患乳房炎的主要风险因素。     

Interpretation of California mastitis test scores using Staphylococcus aureus culture results for screening of subclinical mastitis in low yielding smallholder dairy cows in the Dar es Salaam region of Tanzania

Screening of subclinical mastitis under field conditions is done using the California mastitis test (CMT). CMT score of ≥1 corresponding to ≥500,000 somatic cells ml⁻¹ is commonly used as threshold of subclinical mastitis in temperate countries. However, given the innately high physiological level of somatic cells in low yielding dairy cows, this threshold may not apply to low yielding dairy cows. The current study was undertaken to investigate the clinical utility of CMT for screening of Staphylococcus aureus subclinical mastitis in low yielding smallholder dairy cows in Tanzania. A total of 1151 of quarter-milk samples were CMT tested, of these 914-originated from cows with a lactation period of 14–305 days. All samples were screened for subclinical mastitis by the CMT as well as microbiological culture of single, duplicate (two consecutive) and triplicate (three consecutive) samples as a gold standard. For the duplicate and triplicate quarter-samples, cows were considered positive for S. aureus subclinical mastitis if results of microbiologic culture for S. aureus were positive for two of two, and for at least two of the first three consecutive quarter-milk samples collected from that cow, respectively. Using a CMT score of ≥1 would classify 78.6% of the 940 quarter-samples as positive. Eighty-two percent of the samples in which S. aureus was isolated had CMT scores ≥2; this would classify 51.6% of the 940 quarter-samples as positive. For the single sample, this cut-off had sensitivity, specificity and likelihood ratio for S. aureus of 0.87, 0.83 and 4.24, respectively. For the duplicate quarter-milk samples this cut-off had sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratio of 0.94, 0.86, and 5.19. While, for the triplicate quarter-milk samples this cut-off had sensitivity, specificity and likelihood ratio of 0.97, 0.92 and 7.47, respectively. Based on these results and practical considerations, it is concluded that CMT score of ≥2 corresponding to ≥800,000 somatic cells Ml⁻¹ is the best cut-off to correctly identify S. aureus intramammary infections in low yielding dairy cows in Tanzania.     

乳房炎对中国荷斯坦牛测定日泌乳性能及体细胞数变化的影响

旨在研究乳房炎及病原菌组成对中国荷斯坦牛测定日泌乳性能及体细胞数变化的影响.本研究于2009年9月对江苏某奶牛场140头成年中国荷斯坦泌乳牛进行乳房炎检测和DHI测定,同时对隐性乳房炎阳性乳区进行病原菌分离鉴定,并分析了不同乳房炎类型和隐性乳房炎病原菌组成对测定日泌乳性能和乳中SCC变化的影响.结果表明,该牛场临床乳房炎、隐性乳房炎和正常奶牛比例分别为10.00％、51.10％和37.90％,其中隐性乳房炎以大肠杆菌和链球菌混合感染最多(19头,占26.00％),其次为链球菌单独感染(17头,占23.30％).由1种细菌单独感染的比例为26头(占36.11％),2种或2种以上细菌混合感染为44头(占61.11％).乳房炎类型对测定日产奶量、乳糖含量、体细胞数和体细胞评分4个指标影响达到极显著水平(P＜0.01),临床乳房炎和隐性乳房炎奶牛日产奶量和乳糖含量极显著低于正常奶,同时体细胞数和体细胞评分极显著高于正常奶,而临床乳房炎奶和隐性乳房炎奶在所有检测指标上均无显著差异,但临床乳房炎奶比隐性乳房炎奶体细胞数高出约100万·mL-1.不同病原菌组成类型对乳中体细胞数和体细胞评分有极显著影响(P＜0.01),而对其它性状无显著影响(P＞0.05).混合感染奶牛测定日产奶量极显著低于单独感染奶牛(P＜0.01),同时乳中体细胞数显著高于单独感染奶牛(P＜0.01).乳房炎类型对乳中SCC的变化趋势有显著影响(P＜0.01),正常奶牛维持较低SCC的能力较强,隐性乳房炎奶牛在下一泌乳月体细胞增加的可能性较大.不同隐性乳房炎病原菌组成类型对乳中SCC的变化无显著影响.奶牛生产中隐性乳房炎发病率高,危害性也最大,不同病原菌混合感染引起的隐性乳房炎对测定日产奶量和乳中体细胞数影响最大.该结果为奶牛场采取合理措施,降低隐性乳房炎发生率提供了参考.     

辽西地区规模化奶牛场奶牛乳房炎发病情况监测

[目的]为了摸清辽西地区规模化奶牛场奶牛隐性乳房炎发病情况,[方法]本研究应用美国加州奶牛乳房炎检测方法(California mastitis test,CMT)对规模化奶牛场奶牛定期采集奶样进行隐性乳房炎动态监测.通过临床检查和CMT方法对辽西地区5个规模化奶牛养殖场共1 326头泌乳期奶牛进行了隐性乳房炎的监测,...     

Prevalence and major bacterial causes of bovine mastitis in Asella,South Eastern Ethiopia

A cross sectional study was conducted in and around Asella town from November 2007 to April 2008 on dairy cows to determine the prevalence of mastitis, impact of risk factors and isolate the dominant mastitis causing bacteria on total of 223 lactating cows, of which 92 were indigenous Arsi, and 131 Holstein Zebu cross by using clinical examination and California mastitis test (CMT). Of these 144 (65.6 %) were positive by clinical examination and CMT for clinical and sub clinical mastitis, with prevalence of 26.5 % and 38 %, respectively. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) on the prevalence of mastitis between cows kept under different hygiene of milking process. Similarly a significant difference on the prevalence of mastitis between the two breeds (P < 0.05) was also observed. From 144 CMT and clinically positive milk samples analyzed microbiologically, 133 were culturally positive for known mastitis pathogens and while 11 were negative. The dominant bacterial isolates in the study animals were Staphylococcus species (41.4 %), Streptococcus species (24.8 %), and other Gram positive rods and Gram negative enteric bacteria (33.8 %). Good hygiene in milking process, milking clinically infected cows at last, culling chronic mastitis carriers, treating clinically infected cows and dry period therapy could reduce the prevalence of contagious mastitis in the study area.     

应用生化黄腐酸对奶牛乳房炎和生产性能的影响

通过32头泌乳奶牛饲喂生化黄腐酸的对比试验。结果表明,生化黄腐酸对奶牛乳房炎、隐性乳房炎有效率达100％,治愈率达80％;试验组比对照组产奶量提高13．84％（P〈0．05）;校正体重后试验组比对照组产奶量提高14．94％（P〈0．05）;提高饲料转化率13．79％（P〈0．05）;每头奶牛每年增加的经济效益=产奶量提高效益＋牛奶级别提高效益＋防治乳房炎、隐性乳房炎减少的牛奶损失=881．45元＋400元＋377．86元=1659．31元,增收效益显著。