4-甲基-2-(1H-吡唑-1-基)-噻唑-5-甲酰胺类化合物的合成及杀菌活性

以4-甲基-2-(1H-吡唑-1-基)-噻唑-5-甲酰氯为原料,与取代胺作用制得10个结构新颖的4-甲基-2-吡唑基-噻唑甲酰胺类化合物,利用1H NMR和MS对其结构进行了表征。盆栽法试验结果表明,在500 mg/L质量浓度下,部分化合物对黄瓜霜霉病和黄瓜白粉病的相对防效达100%,对黄瓜灰霉病的防效达85%。     

Synthesis and antifungal activity of imidazole-1-carboxylates

A series of imidazole-1-carboxylates was prepared by reacting various alcohols with trichloromethyl chloroformate and imidazole or N,N'-carbonyl-diimidazole. They were tested for fungitoxic activity in vitro against two phytopathogenic fungi, Botrytis cinerea (grey mould) and Gibberella fujikuroi, and for preventive efficacy against grey mould on cucumber leaves. 1-(4-Substituted phenoxymethyl)-2,2-dimethylpropylimidazole-1-carboxylates showed excellent in-vitro activity against B. cinerea, and moderate activity against G. fujikuroi, and some of them also effectively controlled grey mould in vivo. A 1H-1,2,4-triazole derivative corresponding to an imidazole derivative did not have any activity, while a thiocarboxylate corresponding to an imidazole carboxylate showed excellent activity against both B. cinerea and G. fujikuroi.     

Fungicidal activity of 2-(1-alkenyl)-3-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinones and related compounds

The fungicidal activity of a series of 2-(1-alkenyl)-3-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinones and their acetates has been assessed against various fungi in vitro and against others, notably powdery mildews, in vivo, and the activity compared with that of analogous compounds bearing saturated side chains. Several of the compounds demonstrated a broad spectrum of activity in vitro. Whereas the presence of α-unsaturation in the side chain is essential for the in-vitro activity against the non-obligate fungi tested, it is of virtually no importance for the curative effect against Erysiphe graminis on barley. Only the corresponding acetates had activity against the latter pathogen.     

N-取代苯基-4-(1-甲基-1H-吡唑-5-基)噻吩-2-甲酰胺的合成、杀菌活性及分子对接

为了寻找结构新颖的琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)类衍生物,在前期发现吡唑联苯甲酰胺基础上,采用骨架跃迁的策略,设计并合成了18个N-取代苯基-4-(1-甲基-1H-吡唑-5-基)噻吩-2-甲酰胺类衍生物(3a～3n,4a～4d),其中17个为新化合物.通过1H NMR、13C NMR和高分辨质谱(HRMS)确证了化合物的结构....     

1-[2-苄氧基-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)乙基]-1H-1,2,4-三唑衍生物的合成及杀菌活性

以抗真菌药物益康唑为先导化合物,设计合成了17个1-((2-取代苄基) 氧基)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基) 乙基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑类目标化合物,其中14个为首次报道,其结构均经 1H NMR、13C NMR和HRMS确认。采用菌丝生长速率法测定了目标化合物对7种植物病原菌的抑制效果,并对毒力较高的化合物进行了其对水稻纹枯病和小麦条锈病的盆栽和田间药效试验,而且测定了其对水稻纹枯病菌麦角甾醇生物合成的抑制作用。结果表明:大多数目标化合物对测试病原菌菌丝生长有较强的抑制作用,尤其对水稻纹枯病菌和番茄早疫病菌的抑制作用最好,其中对水稻纹枯病菌的EC₅₀值均低于3 μmol/L,明显高于对照药剂苯醚甲环唑和益康唑;化合物 4a 、 4b 、 4c 、 4g 、 4i 和 4l 对番茄早疫病菌的EC₅₀值均低于10 μmol/L。在浓度为250 μmol/L时,化合物 4b 和 4i 对小麦条锈病的盆栽防效均超过70%,在有效剂量为240 g/hm2时,化合物 4b 对小麦条锈病的田间防效达到81.93%。而且,化合物 4b 和 4i 在100 μmol/L时可有效抑制水稻纹枯病菌麦角甾醇的生物合成,抑制效果在80%左右。     

N-[4-叔丁基-6-芳基-5-(1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-1,3-噻嗪-2-基]酰胺类化合物的合成及抑菌活性

以α-三唑基频那酮为起始原料,经缩合、环化和酰胺化反应合成了15个未见文献报道的化合物,其结构均经核磁共振氢谱、红外光谱和质谱确认。初步抑菌活性测试结果表明,在50 mg/L下,目标化合物对供试植物病原菌均有不同程度的抑制作用,其中化合物3a-3、3a-4、3a-5、3b-2和3b-3对番茄灰霉病菌Botrytis cinerea的抑制率达80%以上,3a-4和3a-5对棉花枯萎病菌Fusarium oxysporum vasinfectum的抑制率分别达78.6%和82.4%。     

N-(2,4,5-三氯苯基)-2-氧代环己烷基磺酰胺对灰葡萄孢的抑制作用

研究了新型环烷基磺酰胺类化合物N-(2,4,5-三氯苯基)-2-氧代环己烷基磺酰胺(简称化合物108)对灰葡萄孢菌丝生长、孢子形成和萌发以及菌核产生等不同生育阶段的抑制作用及其对菌丝致病力和形态结构的影响。结果表明:化合物108对灰葡萄孢菌丝生长和孢子形成及孢子萌发具有明显的抑制作用,其EC50值分别为6.90、4.70和4.11μg/mL;菌核形成受到明显抑制,当药剂质量浓度达20μg/mL时,无菌核产生。经化合物108处理后的灰葡萄孢菌丝致病力下降,40μg/mL处理的菌丝致病力显著低于对照。超微结构观察结果表明,化合物108能导致灰葡萄孢菌丝萎缩、塌陷和变形,菌体细胞壁增厚、皱缩及分层。     

取代苯甲酸酯类化合物的合成与杀菌活性

以取代苯甲酸和异戊醇为原料,合成了14个未见文献报道的取代苯甲酸酯类化合物,其结构均通过红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱和气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）确证。生物活性测定结果表明:14个新化合物对灰霉病菌Botrytis cinerea、稻瘟病菌Piricularia oryzae和纹枯病菌Rhizoctonia solani的活体杀菌活性均好于离体杀菌活性,尤其是化合物3j在500 μg/mL下对黄瓜灰霉病的活体防效达96.4%,3e（500 μg/mL）对水稻稻瘟病的活体防效为96.3%。     

枯草芽胞杆菌NCD-2菌株抑菌蛋白的分离及鉴定

枯草芽胞杆菌NCD-2菌株对灰葡萄孢菌具有较强的抑菌活性,抑菌蛋白是其产生的抑菌物质之一。本研究为明确NCD-2菌株所产抑菌蛋白的作用方式和特性,采用牛津杯法测定抑菌蛋白的抑菌活性及其对病原菌菌丝生长的影响,采用混合培养法测定其对病原菌分生孢子萌发的影响,同时采用阴离子交换层析和非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术对其进行分离纯化,并利用MALDI-TOF-MS进行鉴定。结果表明,NCD-2菌株产生的粗蛋白能够显著抑制灰葡萄孢菌分生孢子的萌发和菌丝生长,并导致病原菌菌丝分枝增多、局部膨大肿胀。通过分离纯化获得具抑菌活性的蛋白组分D1-3,经鉴定该蛋白的肽指纹图谱与leucyl aminopeptidase[Bacillus subtilis](WP_041057629.1)的氨基酸序列匹配率最高,达到65%,相对分子质量为53.936 k Da,功能分析表明组分D1-3可能是一种新的抑菌蛋白。     

Fungicidal activity and chemical constitution. XVIII. The activity of 4-(1-cyclo-, 1-iso- and 1-n-propylalkyl)-2, 6-dinitrophenols against powdery mildews

The synthesis of seven 4-(1-cyclopropylalkyl)- and eight 4-(1-isopropylalkyl)-2, 6-dinitrophenols is described. When tested, together with six 4-(1-n-propylalkyl)-2, 6-dinitrophenols, several of these compounds showed high protectant activities against apple and cucumber powdery mildews. Their activities are discussed in relation to π values obtained from g.l.c. retention times, and to hydrogen bonding characteristics (both intra-and inter-) derived from infrared spectroscopic data.     

The fungicidal activity of substituted 1, 4-naphthoquinones. Part 1: Alkylthio and arylthio derivatives

Some symmetrical and unsymmetrical 2, 3-bis(arylthio)-1, 4-naphthoquinones have been synthesised and assayed against Botrytis cinerea, Cladosporium fulvum and Venturia inaequalis. With the surprising exception of the 2, 3-bis(4-chlorophenylthio) derivative, the compounds were essentially inactive. The 2-phenylthio and lower 2-alkylthio derivatives showed a high level of activity, which was absent in the 2-pentylthio and higher homologues.     

The fungicidal activity of substituted 1, 4-naphthoquinones. Part II: Alkoxy,phenoxy and acyloxy derivatives

A representative group of 1, 4-naphthoquinone derivatives, bearing alkoxy, phenoxy and acyloxy substitutents in the 2-position, has been synthesised and assayed against Botrytis cinerea, Cladosporium fulvum and Venturia inaequalis. The alkoxy compounds exhibited moderate activity, which was enhanced by the presence of a 3-chloro and, to a lesser extent, a 3-bromo substituent. 2-Chloro-3-phenoxy derivatives were highly active, but diphenoxy compounds were inactive. Acyloxy derivatives possessed only weak activity unless a halogen atom was present in the 3-position; benzoyloxy compounds, however, were generally poor fungicides.     

含氟2-氧代环己基磺酰胺的合成及杀菌活性

以环己酮为原料,经磺酰化、碱化后得到2-氧代环己基磺酸钾盐,再经生成酰氯后与胺反应得到9个新的标题化合物,其结构经1H NMR、13C NMR和元素分析确证。初步的生物测定结果表明,部分化合物具有一定的杀菌活性,其中 3e 对棉花立枯病菌Rhizoctonia solani和黄瓜灰霉病菌Botrytis cinerea、 3h和3i 对黄瓜灰霉病菌和油菜菌核病菌Sclerotinia sclerotiorum有较好的活性,50 μ g/mL下的抑制率均在90％以上。     

1S,2R-((3-溴苯乙基) 氨基)-N-(4-氯-2-三氟甲基苯基) 环己烷基-1-磺酰胺对灰葡萄孢的抑菌活性及作用方式

研究了磺酰胺类化合物1S,2R-((3-溴苯乙基) 氨基)-N-(4-氯-2-三氟甲基苯基) 环己烷基-1-磺酰胺 (代号SYAUP-CN-26) 的抑菌活性及防治病害的作用方式。结果表明,SYAUP-CN-26可抑制多种植物病原真菌的菌丝生长和孢子萌发,尤以对灰葡萄孢Botrytis cinerea的抑制活性较强,EC₅₀值分别为1.82 μg/mL和14.98 μg/mL。20 μg/mL的SYAUP-CN-26处理能显著降低灰葡萄孢的产孢量、产菌核量,增加单菌核重。经该化合物处理过的灰葡萄孢孢子及菌丝致病力均降低。200 μg/mL的SYAUP-CN-26对番茄灰霉病的保护效果和治疗效果分别为83.11%和47.52%,保护作用优于治疗作用。     

香豆素肟酯衍生物的合成及抑菌活性

为发现具有高抑菌活性的肟酯类化合物, 结合本课题组前期研究, 设计并合成了18个新型香豆素肟酯衍生物, 并对抑菌活性及构效关系进行了研究。离体生物活性测定结果表明, 目标化合物在50 μg/mL下对番茄灰霉病菌、苹果树腐烂病菌和水稻纹枯病菌均表现出一定的抑制活性, 其中化合物 4n 对番茄灰霉病菌和水稻纹枯病菌的EC₅₀值分别为4.44 μg/mL和3.65 μg/mL,表现出比香豆素和肟菌酯更优或相似的活性。     

番茄灰霉病菌拮抗放线菌的筛选、鉴定及其活性评价

从安徽省寿县农田土壤中分离筛选到1株对番茄灰霉病菌Botrytis cinerea有强拮抗作用的放线菌菌株HNU-1。根据菌体形态特征、培养特征、细胞壁组分、生理生化特性和16S rRNA基因序列分析,将该菌株鉴定为吸水链霉菌Streptomyces hygroscopicus。菌株HNU-1发酵滤液可抑制灰霉病菌菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发,且浓度越高,抑制能力越强;当发酵滤液稀释6.67倍时则完全抑制灰霉病菌菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发。盆栽试验结果表明,菌株HNU-1发酵滤液6.67倍稀释液对番茄灰霉病的预防与治疗效果分别为87.8%和77.9%,均显著高于50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂500倍稀释液。     

5-甲基异噁唑-4-甲酸肟酯衍生物的合成及抑菌活性

异噁唑是具有较好活性的五元杂环,本文设计并合成了15个5-甲基异噁唑-4-甲酸肟酯类新化合物,利用核磁氢谱、核磁碳谱和高分辨质谱对其结构进行确证,并测试了其对番茄灰霉病菌Botrytis cinerea、水稻纹枯病菌Rhizoctonia solani、苹果树腐烂病菌Valsa mali和小麦全蚀病菌Gaeumannomyces graminis的离体抑菌活性。结果表明,在50μg/mL下,目标化合物对供试病原菌均有一定的抑菌活性,其中化合物5g对番茄灰霉病菌的抑制活性优于先导化合物L1和肟菌酯,EC₅₀值为1.95μg/mL。     

苯甲酰基甲磺酰胺的合成与杀菌活性

以苯乙酮为原料,用三氧化硫·二氧六环进行磺化,经碱中和后制备得到苯甲酰甲磺酸盐;与草酰氯在DMF为催化剂的条件下反应生成磺酰氯,再与胺反应,制备得到14个苯甲酰基甲磺酰胺,其中13个为新化合物。其结构通过1H NMR、IR和元素分析确证。在50 μg/mL浓度时,该系列化合物对番茄灰霉病菌Botrytis cinerea、小麦赤霉病菌Gibberlla zeae、水稻纹枯病菌Rhizoctonia solani、梨黑星病菌Venturia nashicola菌丝生长均具有很好的抑制活性,其中化合物 B-8、B-9、B-10、B-12 对番茄灰霉病菌的EC50值分别为1.0、0.2、1.2、0.4 μg/mL,接近或优于对照药剂嘧霉胺, B-8、B-10、B-11 对小麦赤霉病菌的EC50值分别为0.07、0.2、0.05 μg/mL,优于对照药剂多菌灵。     

Systemic fungicidal and insecticidal activities of 1- and 2-[bis (dimethylamido)phosphoryl]-3-alkyl-5-anilino-1,2,4-triazoles

The compounds referred to in the title have been investigated for fungicidal, insecticidal and acaricidal activities in laboratory and greenhouse tests. Several representatives of this class of compounds were active against powdery mildew on apple, cucumber, and barley, and against aphids and spider mites, both when applied to the leaves and when added to the nutrient solutions of test plants. Treatment of leaf halves resulted in protection of the entire leaves. A striking difference in pesticidal activity was observed between two series of isomers. Representatives of the series with the phosphoryl group in the 1-position showed much greater pesticidal activities than their corresponding isomers with the phosphoryl group in the 2-position. The optimum activity within the two homologous series (R-H, CH₃ ... C₆H₁₃) was determined: generally the lower homologues (R-H, CH₃, C₂H₅ and i-C₃H₇) showed the greatest pesticidal activity in the systemic tests. After leaf-application the influence of the length of R was less pronounced or even reversed.Samenvatting De in de titel genoemde stoffen zijn onderzocht op fungicide, insecticide en acaricide werking in laboratorium en kasproeven. Verscheidene vertegenwoordigers van dit type verbindingen waren werkzaam tegen echte meeldauw van appel, komkommer en gerst, en tegen bladluizen en spint, dit zowel na toepassing op de bladeren als na toevoeging aan de voedingsoplossingen van proefplanten. Behandeling van bladhelften resulteerde in bescherming van de gehele bladeren. Een opvallend verschil werd waargenomen tussen de werking van twee reeksen isomeren. Vertegenwoordigers van de reeks met de fosforylgroep op de 1-plaats waren veel werkzamer dan hun isomeren met de fosforylgroep op de 2-plaats. Het optimum binnen de twee homologe reeksen (R-H, CH₃ ... C₆H₁₃) werd bepaald: in het algemeen waren de lagere homologen (R-H, CH₃; C₂H₅ en i-C₃H₇) het werkzaamst in de systemische proeven. Na een preventieve bladbespuiting was de invloed van de lengte van R minder uitgesproken of zelfs omgekeerd.     

深绿木霉蛋白质TraT2A诱导兰州百合抗灰霉病的作用

采用生长速率法和活体试验法分别测定了深绿木霉Trichoderma atroviride蛋白质Tra T2A对兰州百合灰霉菌的抑制作用和诱导抗病效果及持效期。结果表明TraT2A高浓度(5×液)具有较高的抑制作用,抑制率为47.44%,低浓度(100×液)具有较高的诱导抗病作用,其诱导效果可达55.89%;TraT2A 100×液处理兰州百合植株3 d后挑战接种灰霉菌,分别于0、1、3和5 d对兰州百合叶片中的PAL、PPO、POD和SOD酶活性及丙二醛、叶绿素含量变化进行了测定。发现TraT2A诱导处理后可提高百合叶片中与抗病性相关的防御酶PAL、PPO、POD、SOD活性和叶绿素含量,降低丙二醛的含量;在接种后1、3和5 d时,4种酶活性和叶绿素含量显著高于对照,丙二醛含量则低于对照,4种酶活性在第5 d时均达到最大值,PAL、PPO、POD和SOD分别是对照的1.47、2.28、1.36和1.49倍;在接种后1、3和5 d时,叶绿素含量分别比对照高10.13、12.05和6.05 mg/g;丙二醛含量仅为对照的0.68、0.40和0.51倍;TraT2A防治百合灰霉病的持效期为7 d,高于阿泰灵和速克灵的持效期。