进境莲雾果实软腐病的调查与鉴定

从旅客携带进境的莲雾果实上检获软腐病，对该病进行了较详细的调查与鉴定，确定其病原菌为Ｐｅｓｔａｌｏｔｉｏｐｓｉｓｇｕｅｐｉｎｉｉ。迄今为止，该病尚未见报道。     

中华猕猴桃溃疡病的生态与防除

中华猕猴桃溃疡病是细菌性病害，病原细菌属于Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓｓｙｒｉｎｇａｅｐｖ．ｍｏｒｓｐｒｕｎｏｒｕｍ系统，１９８９年命名为：Ｐ．ｓｙｒｉｎｇａｅｐｖ．ａｃｔｉｎｉｄｉａｅ。现据日刊《农业技术》资料，对该病生态与防除概况作一介绍。一、中华猕猴...     

松材线虫病在山东长岛的发生与治理

松材线虫病是危害松树的毁灭性病害,目前,长岛县是山东省乃至我国北方地区唯一的松材线虫病疫区。该病具危害性大、传播蔓延速度快、防治难度大等特点,其病原是松材线虫Ｂｕｒｓａｐｈｅｌｅｎｃｈｕｓｘｙｌｏｐｈｉｌｕｓ,传播媒介主要是松墨天牛Ｍｏｎｏｃｈａｍｕｓａｌｌｅｒｎａｔｕｓ。为有效遏制松材线虫病发生日趋严重的势头,封锁扑灭长岛线虫病疫区,现将该病在山东省长岛县的发生,治理情况探讨如下。1　发生地概况长岛县位于胶辽两大半岛之间,渤海海峡之中,是一个四面环海的海岛县。全县由大小32个岛屿组成,境内多低山缓丘,为暖温…     

香龙血树茎腐病的调查与鉴定

对从哥斯达黎加进境的香龙血树上的茎腐病进行了调查和鉴定，确定其病原菌为根串珠霉Ｔｈｉｅｌａｖｉｏｐｓｉｓｐａｒａｄｏｘａ。迄今为止，该病尚未见报道     

番茄细菌性斑点病及其防治

番茄细菌性斑点病亦称番茄细菌性叶斑病。其寄主主要为番茄（Ｌｙｃｏｐｅｒｓｉｃｏｎｅｓｃｕｌｅｎｔｕｍ）和辣椒（Ｃａｐｓｉｃｕｍａｎｎｕｕｍ）,接种寄主有茄子（Ｓｏｌａｎｕｍｍｅｌｏｎｇｅｎａ）,主要危害番茄。自１９３３年首次报道以来,该病在摩洛哥、...     

扑海因和可杀得防治西瓜枯萎病室内药效初步测定

西瓜枯萎病（Ｆｕｓａｒｉｕｍｏｘｙｓｐｏｒｉｕｍｆ．ｓｐ．ｎｉｖｅｕｎ）是西瓜生产中最重要的一种土传病害,遍布各西瓜产地,严重影响西瓜的生产。本试验为明确扑海因对该病的防治效果而设计,结果如下。１材料与方法１．１供试材料１．１．１药剂处理５０％扑海因...     

保护地十字花科蔬菜黑腐病的发生与综合防治

十字花科蔬菜黑腐病是一种流行性病害 ,随着病原菌的逐年积累 ,加之保护地特定的小气候条件及茬口品种安排不当 ,该病在冬春两季发生日趋严重。2 0 0 0年 1～ 3月江西省新余市十字花科蔬菜黑腐病发生面积近 50 0个大棚 ,占大棚种植面积的 81 .7% ,一般棚内损失 5%～ 1 0 % ,种植迟心二号、四九菜心的大棚 ,严重的损失近 30 % ,严重影响蔬菜的上市及食用品质 ,影响菜农的经济收益 ,为此 ,我们对该病进行了调查研究。1　病原及症状十字花科蔬菜黑腐病病原为黄单胞杆菌 (Ｘａｎ ｔｈｏｍｏｎａｓｃａｍｐｅｓｔｒｉｓＤｏｗｓｏｎ)属细菌侵染所…     

马铃薯抗晚疫病遗传工程研究获得重大突破

马铃薯抗晚疫病遗传工程研究获得重大突破马铃薯晚疫病是由卵菌Ｐｈｙｔｏｐｈｔｈｏｒａｉｎｆｅｓｔａｎｓ（Ｍｏｎｔ．）ｄｅＢａｒｙ引起的马铃薯毁灭性病害。由于该病危害马铃薯块茎全世界年损失达１７０亿美元。据不完全统计，９０年代以来我国马铃薯因晚疫病危害年...     

黄瓜疫病的发生与综合防治

黄瓜疫病是１种流行性的毁灭性病害,随着病原菌的逐年积累,该病发生日趋严重。１９９９年云梦县黄瓜疫病发生面积１．３万ｈｍ２,占黄瓜种植面积的６５．１％,一般田块损失２０％～３０％,严重田块损失６０％以上,甚至绝收,为此,我们对该病进行了调查研究。１　病原及症状黄瓜疫病是由ＰｈｙｔｏｐｈｔｈｏｒａｍｅｌｏｎｉｓＫａｔｓｕｒａ侵染所致,属鞭毛菌亚门疫霉属真菌。该病能侵染黄瓜茎、叶和果实,以蔓基部和嫩节部发病较多。近地面茎基部发病,初呈暗绿色水渍状,病部缢缩,由于病情发展迅速,病叶萎蔫时仍为绿色,即为青…     

马蹄莲细菌性软腐病及其防治

马蹄莲(Ｚａｎｔｅｄｅｓｃｈｉａｓｐｐ.)为天南星科马蹄莲属多年生草本植物。马蹄莲细菌性软腐病造成田间和贮藏期马蹄莲大量腐烂死亡。该病除危害马蹄莲外,还危害君子兰、仙客来、唐菖蒲、百合属、郁君香、风信子、燕子花、大丽花、马蹄纹天竺葵、紫罗兰、龟背竹、水仙...     

Fruit rot of Strawberry pear (pitaya) caused by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bipolaris cactivora</Emphasis>

Strawberry pear (pitahaya, pitaya) [Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britt. and Rose] postharvest fruit rot was found at an agricultural products store in Itoman city, Okinawa Prefecture in 2006. The symptoms included depressed, water-soaked lesions with olive to black powdery spots coalescing into a soft rot. The causal fungus was identified as Bipolaris cactivora (Petrak) Alcorn. This is the first report of strawberry pear fruit rot caused by B. cactivora.     

海南油棕果腐病的病原鉴定及发病条件的研究

三年来作者对于幼龄結果油棕的果穗和果实腐烂的症状、分布、蔓延为害,其发生条件和栽培管理的关系进行了詳細的調查和观察,并进行了病原分离、培养、田间人工接种和試探性化学保护等試驗。同时对果实离层組織的形成进行了切片检查。 結果指出海南十二个地区的幼龄结实棕园普遍出現的花、果、穗腐与环境条件和栽培管理有密切关系。果腐是果实离体后从蒂部組織开始的。从腐果組織中經常可以分离到細菌、炭疽菌和鐮刀菌。多次田間接种証明这些菌对健康果实和果穗均无致病能力。大田喷药无效。看来,油棕果腐病是由于环境坏、管理差的条件下,未成熟或接近成熟的果实产生离层而与果柄分离,再由外界杂菌腐食脫果而致腐烂。可見,本病是屬于非侵染性的生理病害。     

匍枝根霉和半裸镰刀菌侵染甜瓜果实产生的胞壁降解酶与侵染方式

 匍枝根霉(Rhizopus stolonifer)和半裸镰刀菌(Fusarium semitectum)以不同的机制侵染甜瓜果实。匍枝根霉侵染时,菌丝分泌大量的果胶甲酯酶(PME)、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)、果胶甲基半乳糖醛酸酶(PMG),迅速消解组织中胶层,引起细胞电解质外渗、质壁分离和软腐。菌丝在胞外和细胞间隙生长,不能穿透细胞壁。半裸镰刀菌侵染甜瓜果实时分泌高活力的果胶甲酯酶、果胶裂解酶类(PML)和纤维素酶(Celulase)而缺少果胶水解酶类,菌丝不能迅速消解中胶层,但以直接穿透细胞壁方式侵染组织细胞。这两种病原对甜瓜不同的致腐方式是由它们不同的外泌胞壁降解酶种类和酶学特性所决定的。     

The relative importance of Colletotrichum musae as a crown-rot pathogen on Windward Island bananas

Low numbers of conidia of Colletotrichum musae (10–50) applied directly to the surface of freshly cut banana crowns caused extensive rot development. At least 20 times more conidia of Fusarium pallidoroseum were required to cause comparable levels of crown rot. Examination of the relative pathogenicity of the major fungal species involved in development of crown rot, C. musae, F. pallidoroseum, Fusarium moniliforme, F. moniliforme var. subglutinans , and Botryodiplodia theobromae , using a standard inoculum of 2 × 10³ conidia per crown, showed C. musae to be the most aggressive species. C. musae produced a distinctive soft, dry fibrous rot while the fruit was still green, and on ripening further rotting, softening and blackening of crown tissues occurred. The other crown-rot pathogens tested did not rot green fruit.
Fruit inoculated with C. musae and held for 0, 1, 2 and 3 days at ambient temperature before ripening sustained increasingly more severe crown rot. C. musae was isolated with increasing frequency from rotting tissue the longer the period under ambient conditions. Crowns which had been inoculated with F. pallidoroseum and held for a comparable period did not display such extensive rot development although the pathogen was very frequently isolated from the tissue.     

火龙果细菌性软腐病菌的分离与鉴定

<正>火龙果(Hylocereus undatus Britt.et Rose)属仙人掌科三角柱属植物,是集水果、花卉、蔬菜、保健为一体的热带亚热带果树,在中美洲、美国南部地区,以及以色列、越南、泰国和我国的台湾、海南、广东、福建等地均有种植。近年来,随着火龙果种植面积不断扩大,火龙果病害呈逐渐加重趋势,严重威胁火龙果的产业发展。火龙果细菌性病害主要由欧文氏菌(Erwinia sp.)、阴沟肠杆菌(En-     

Inoculum dynamics, fruit infection, and development of brown rot in prune orchards in california

ABSTRACT Brown rot, caused by Monilinia fructicola, is a destructive disease of stone fruit in California. Disease management requires information on inoculum dynamics and development of latent and visible fruit infections during the season to help make decisions on timing of fungicide treatments and choice of cultural practices. In this study, the daily spore concentration (ascospores and conidia) of M. fructicola in the air was monitored with spore traps in two prune orchards during the growing seasons in 2001 and 2002. The spore concentrations were low to moderate at early bloom, increased at full bloom, and decreased to the lowest level at the end of bloom. Improper timing of fruit thinning and irrigation in midseason increased spore concentration in the air and fruit infections late in the season. Artificial fruit inoculations were conducted periodically in 10 prune orchards in 2002 and 2004, and incidence of fruit rot at different inoculation dates was assessed. Fruit rot development rate increased linearly with inoculation date during the growing season. Natural blossom and fruit infections were monitored periodically in 10 prune orchards, and incidence of latent fruit infection was determined by using the overnight freezing-incubation technique. Incidence of fruit rot also was assessed 2 weeks before harvest in these orchards. The incidence of latent fruit infection at the pit hardening stage significantly correlated with that at the late stages and with the incidence of fruit rot at harvest.     

灰枣红点软腐病病原菌的鉴定

 The damage and symptoms of jujube fruit soft rot in Xinzheng, Henan Province, were investigated from 2006 to 2008, and the pathogen was identified based on the morphological characteristics and the ITS se-quence of ribosome DNA. The results showed that the aerial mycelium of colony was white in color in the first four days, then turned gray after incubation on PDA for 5-6 d at 25℃ and became black two weeks later. The mycelia grew luxuriantly with velvet character. The pycnidium was flask-shaped with a height of 196.9μm and a width of 213.3μm on the avereage. The conidium was colorless with single cell and had the shape of spindle, its size was (15.0-20.0)μm× (4.5-6.5)μm. The conidiophore was fastigiate. The homology of ITS sequence of ribosome DNA between the tested strain NXK and Botryosphaeria dothidea (GenBank ac-cession number:AJ938005) reached 99.87%, with a difference of only two base pairs. Based on the results of both morphological characters and molecular identification, the pathogen of jujube fruit soft rot in Xinzheng was identified as B. dothidea (Moug. ex Fr.) Ces. et de Not..     

Evaluation of screening methods and fruit composition in relation to anthracnose fruit rot resistance in blueberries

Anthracnose fruit rot is an important disease of blueberries, and losses are common in humid growing regions. Most commercial cultivars are susceptible and the disease is usually managed with fungicides. However, a few cultivars are considered resistant. The objectives of this study were to: (i) compare different inoculation techniques for anthracnose fruit rot resistance screening, (ii) screen ripe fruit from a range of blueberry cultivars using selected techniques, and (iii) investigate the role of fruit characteristics in anthracnose fruit rot resistance. The following inoculation methods were evaluated on ripe fruit of a susceptible and resistant cultivar using a conidial suspension: spray, droplet, and injection inoculation of whole fruit; and droplet inoculation of the open surface of cut fruit. All whole‐fruit inoculations yielded similar results. Despite the removal of the epidermis, resistance was also expressed in cut fruit but relatively fewer conidia were produced. The cut‐fruit assay required substantially less time and half the amount of fruit to accomplish than whole‐fruit assays. Detached ripe fruit from 24 cultivars in 2008 and 26 cultivars in 2009 were screened for resistance. Results from the cut‐fruit assay correlated best with published resistance ratings. To determine the possible role of fruit characteristics in resistance, fruit pH, titratable acidity, sugar content and firmness were regressed against various fruit rot resistance measures. Fruit rot resistance was positively correlated with sugar content. On defined media, mycelial growth was restricted as sugar concentration increased and pH decreased, suggesting that fruit composition may play a role in the resistance phenotype.     

中国发现甘薯长喙壳菌引起枣子果实腐烂

 2013年8月,在中国昆明发现一种枣子果实的腐烂病。通过致病性测试,证明从发病组织分离出的病菌能引起枣子果实腐烂。经过形态学和分子鉴定,确定该病原菌为甘薯长喙壳菌。这是在中国首次报道由甘薯长喙壳菌引起的枣子果实腐烂病。     

Effects of fruit maturity and wetness on the infection of apple fruit by Neonectria galligena

Neonectria galligena can cause European canker of apple as well as fruit rot. Healthy unwounded fruits on potted trees of cvs Cox, Bramley and Gala were inoculated with conidia of N. galligena to investigate the effects of wetness duration and fruit maturity on rot development. Overall, the incidence of fruit rot was influenced more by fruit maturity at the time of inoculation than by duration of wetness (6–48 h). Young fruit were most susceptible to infection, with 50% of fruit infected when inoculated up to 4 weeks after full bloom. The susceptibility decreased initially until c. 2 months after full bloom and then increased gradually until harvest. Almost all preharvest symptoms (eye rot) developed only on the fruit inoculated up to 4 weeks after full bloom. All other rots were observed after six‐month postharvest storage under controlled atmospheric conditions. However, the relative proportion of preharvest eye rots and postharvest storage rots varied greatly among three years. The effect of wetness duration was only significant for fruit inoculated in their early stages of development but not for those inoculated near harvest. Regression models were developed to describe the observed effects of fruit maturity and wetness on the incidence of total nectria rots.