湖北沙湖湿地自然保护区秋季鸟类物种多样性

2006年10～11月期间,采用样线法对湖北仙桃沙湖湿地自然保护区4种生境中的鸟类进行调查.共记录到鸟类139种,隶属于14目31科,其中留鸟55种、夏候鸟31种、冬候鸟41种和旅鸟12种;古北种65种、东洋种49 种、广布种25种.分别采用Shannon-wieren指数、Pielou指数和G-F指数对保护区鸟类物种进行分析,结果显示鸟 类群落丰富度为芦苇>树林>水域>农田;对鸟类群落的相似性采用Jaccard指数进行分析,结果表明农田和树林的鸟类群落相似程度最高.     

舞钢石漫滩国家湿地公园冬季鸟类群落多样性调查

2018年11月至2019年2月,采用样线法对舞钢石漫滩国家湿地公园的鸟类的种类与数量迚行了调查,结果:①共记录到鸟类13目28科59种,其中国家II级重点保护鸟类2种,河南省重点保护鸟类3种;优势种5种,常见种46种,稀有种8种;多样性指数2.666;均匀度指数0.6566;留鸟34种,夏候鸟3种,冬候鸟17种,旅鸟5种;东洋界8种,古北界23种,广布种28种;②鸟类多样性指数:农田生境(2.2522)湿地生境(2.3651)林地生境(2.6246);均匀度指数:湿地生境(0.6456)农田生境(0.6997)林地生境(0.7717);优势度指数:林地生境(0.1201)农田生境(0.1505)湿地生境(0.1515);3种生境鸟类群落的相似性:林地生境和农田生境的相似性最高(0.7636),和湿地生境的相似性最低(0.2899)。     

山西孝义孝河国家湿地公园鸟类多样性调查

通过样线法结合直接计数法对孝河国家湿地公园的鸟类进行调查,并以此计算不同的多样性指数,旨在全面了解湿地公园内鸟类资源状况。调查结果共记录到鸟类14目35科61属89种,以鸣禽、游禽和涉禽为主体;鸟类群落结构多样性指数为3. 4484,丰富度指数为11. 1815,均匀度指数为0. 7683,而且在不同生境中以林地的这3项指数为最高;鸟类的群落相似性以草地和农田最高,湿地与建筑区最低。孝河湿地公园鸟类群落结构组成复杂,多样性较高。本文通过调查分析结果,为该湿地公园鸟类多样性保护和公园建设提出合理化建议,对孝义市的生态环境保护与建设具有重要意义。     

河北塞罕坝国家级自然保护区的鸟类

2014年1-12月,利用样线法对河北塞罕坝国家级自然保护区鸟类进行了调查,共记录鸟类192种,隶属于15目46科106属;雀形目鸟类和夏候鸟是保护区鸟类群落的主体;森林是保护区鸟类分布的最主要生境;保护区鸟类以狭布种为主,湿地、森林具有最高数量的狭布种分布,湿地和森林的保护对保护区鸟类的保护和管理具有特别重要的意义。     

破堤还湖后梁子湖湿地自然保护区冬季鸟类多样性研究

2014年10月—2017年3月,采用样点和样线相结合的方式对梁子湖湿地自然保护区冬季鸟类进行调查,共记录到鸟类13目37科72属96种。区系成分分析表明,冬候鸟占鸟类种数的29.17%,留鸟占43.75%,旅鸟占6.25%,夏候鸟占20.83%;东洋界种占鸟类种数的36.46%,古北界占33.33%,广布种占30.21%。不同年份鸟类种类变化调查结果,2014年有57种,2015年有67种,2016年有75种,鸟类种数呈上升趋势;不同年份鸟类多样性分析中,2014年的多样性指数和均匀性指数最高,为1.6926和0.4168;2015年的优势度指数最高,为0.3424;2016年的丰富度指数最高,为5.9527,表明鸟类群落稳定性不断增强;不同生境下G-F指数分析表明,滩涂湿地>林地>农田>开阔水域>居民区,滩涂湿地生境中的鸟类种数最多,居民区生境的鸟类种数最少。文中就独特的自然环境对鸟类群落的形成、生态环境改善对鸟类群落稳定性的提高以及生境的复杂性对鸟类种数的影响等方面进行了讨论。     

佛山新城登泷沙岛及邻近区域鸟类分布特点

为掌握佛山新城区域特别是登泷沙岛及邻近区域的鸟类现状,为该区域后续规划建设方案提 出鸟类多样性的保护建议,2013 年 11 月至 2014 年 10 月,采用样线法对佛山新城登泷沙岛及邻近区域的 鸟类进行了调查,结果如下：1）共记录鸟类 60 种,隶属于 11 目 29 科。雀形目鸟类最多为 17 科 34 种, 占鸟类总种数的 56.67%;国家 II 级保护鸟类 2 种。居留型以留鸟为主（40 种）,其次为冬候鸟 13 种,夏 候鸟和旅鸟分别为 5 和 2 种;2）在区系方面,东洋种与古北种比例相近,说明两大区系成分在该区域相 互渗透,具有交错重叠分布的特点;3）在林地灌丛、水域滩涂、草地和农田 4 种生境中,林地灌丛生境 的 Shannon-Wiener 多样性最高,草地生境的鸟类均匀度指数（Pielou 指数）最高,草地生境和农田生境 的鸟类群落结构相似性系数（Sorenson 指数）最高。根据登泷沙岛及邻近区域鸟类的分布特点,提出了 总体布局、分区设计的鸟类恢复建议。     

广东乳源大峡谷省级自然保护区鸟类资源调查

为了解现阶段广东乳源大峡谷省级自然保护区鸟类资源的多样性状况,于2020年4月～2021年7月在该保护区设立5条样线和3个样点,并布设21台红外相机,进行鸟类专项调查。该次调查共记录到鸟类15目45科146种,其中样线法和样点法记录到124种,红外相机记录到54种。记录到的国家一级重点保护鸟类1种:黄腹角雉(Tragopan caboti),国家二级重点保护鸟类31种。鸟类群落组成主要以东洋界(57.53%)、留鸟(64.38%)为主。保护区鸟类优势种为栗背短脚鹎(Hemixos castanonotus)、灰眶雀鹛(Alcippe morrisonia)、栗耳凤鹛(Yuhina castaniceps)。多样性分析结果显示,该区鸟类群落Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou指数、Margalef指数分别为:3.578、0.742、14.466,与广东省内同类保护区康禾、古田以及海岛型保护区上川岛对比结果较优。通过对以上的数据分析讨论,为保护区提出相应的保护管理建议。     

四川海子山自然保护区鸟类群落结构及多样性

应用样线法,调查海子山自然保护区鸟类的组成和群落结构,经调查确认保护区内有鸟类16目48科210种,以留鸟和夏候鸟为主,鸟类区系成分复杂,古北界种类略占优势。根据鸟类栖息地的生境类型,将保护区鸟类划分为5个群落。调查得知,不同群落的优势种、常见种有较大差异;同一群落类型的物种组成、数量、遇见频次的季节差异明显。运用Shannon Weinner指数计算各群落的多样性;采用E=H／Hmax。计算群落中各群落物种的均匀度;用百分率相似性数（index of percent similarity）对各群落做相似性比较。结果表明：保护区内鸟类群落结构与各群落类型内部的空间异质性程度密切相关,群落的空间结构越复杂,则物种多样性就越高;湿地鸟类群落的均匀度指数最高,而高山灌丛鸟类群落的均匀度指数最低;各群落类型百分比相似性指数均较低;鸟类群落结构具有较大差异。     

江苏阜宁繁殖季鸟类群落结构及多样性特征

为了研究江苏阜宁县域内繁殖季鸟类群繁殖期落结构及其多样性特征,2018年5月和6月,采用固定距离样线调查法,对该区域布设的11条固定样线进行了鸟类的2次调查,共记录71种(隶属于14目41科)共5 218只鸟类个体,包括国家Ⅰ级重点保护鸟类1种,即东方白鹳(Ciconia boyciana);国家II级重点保护鸟类3种,即小鸦鹃(Centropus bengalensis)、红脚隼(Falco amurensis)和游隼(F.peregrinus);及"三有保护动物"物种62种。多样性指数分析显示,阜宁县域内鸟类群落的Shannon-Wiene指数为2.71,Pielou均匀度指数为0.64,Simpson优势度指数为0.33;农田生境中记录到的鸟类物种数和个体数均最高。认为土地的利用类型和鸟类食物的丰富程度,对鸟类繁殖季群落结构及其多样性有着重要影响。     

网湖省级湿地自然保护区夏季鸟类群落结构及多样性分析

2016年7月,为研究湖北省黄石市阳新县网湖湿地省级自然保护区的鸟类群落结构及其多样性,采用样线调查方法,利用望远镜设备对保护区鸟类进行观察。据调查统计,保护区共观察到鸟类有76种5 140只,隶属于61属,32科,12目。雀形目的鸟类在种数上和个体数量上都占据的优势地位。水雉是其中最大的种群,占据了整个鸟类调查数量的20.6%。在居留型上组成上,留鸟和夏候鸟分别在种类数量上和个体数量上占据最高比例,各自占据的比例为61.8%和49.5%。网湖省级湿地自然保护区的鸟类群落结构多样性指数为3.23,均匀性指数为0.75。在此次调查的6种不同的生境中,村庄的鸟类群落多样性最高,为3.01;均匀性方面,灌丛最高,为0.93。通过对各种生境鸟类群落结构的相似性分析,各指数都低于60%,这说明各种生境之间的鸟类群落结构具有明显的差异性。     

Community composition, species richness, and abundance of birds in field margins of central Mexico: local and landscape-scale effects

Field margin vegetation is among the last vestiges of semi-natural habitat for birds in many agricultural landscapes of tropical regions. However, field margins differ in size, structure, and flora, and their value to birds depends on all these factors and on species-specific habitat preferences. Therefore, we analyzed data on resident and neotropical migratory birds found in 40 field margins of the agricultural landscape of El Bajío, Guanajuato, Mexico. The structural and botanical characteristics of the field margin, and those of the adjacent landscape, were related to bird species richness and abundance. We recorded 61 species of birds of which 36 were migratory. Locally, the size of the field margin (width, height, volume), its vegetative vertical complexity, and the abundance of trees and tree species had a positive effect on bird species richness and abundance. Native trees, especially mesquites, were especially important for many birds observed foraging, nesting, and perching. The most important landscape-scale variables were the density of hedgerows around field margins and the distance to natural vegetation remnants (scrub forest). Bird species richness and abundance were positively affected by the length of the hedgerows within 100 and 200-m-radius circles centered on each field margin. Field margins closer to natural vegetation also had more bird species and individuals. On the basis of our results, we suggest some general management recommendations for improving the habitat for birds in tropical agricultural landscapes.     

放牧对向海蒙古黄榆天然群落春季鸟类多样性的影响

以向海自然保护区内蒙古黄榆天然群落为对象,研究放牧对其鸟类多样性的影响。结果表明：非放牧区、中度放牧区、重度放牧区三种生境,春季栖息的鸟类分别为8目10科12种126只、8目12科15种178只和5目7科9种74只,中度放牧区鸟类多样性最为丰富;在10个生境因子中,天然群落中草本植物的种类数目与鸟类多样性呈正相关关系,是主要的有效预测变量;草本植物种类与放牧强度呈单峰状曲线关系,即随着放牧强度的增加植物生产力将会先增加,直至某一最佳点时达到最大,以后逐渐下降。     

Habitat use and nest success of scrub-shrub birds in wildlife and silvicultural openings in western Massachusetts,USA

Many conservationists are concerned about reports of declining populations of scrub-shrub birds. Wildlife opening management, involving repeatedly burning or mechanically treating early-successional stands, is one strategy for creating habitat for these species, but this practice is costly. Some silvicultural treatments also create scrub-shrub habitat and have the advantage of potentially generating revenue, but the relative effectiveness of wildlife opening management and silviculture for creating bird habitat is not known. During 2004 and 2005, we compared scrub-shrub bird abundance, nest success, and habitat characteristics between wildlife and silvicultural openings in western Massachusetts to determine whether the habitats created by these practices are equivalent for birds. We recorded 1927 detections of 31 scrub-shrub bird species during the course of the study and monitored 368 nests. We found that although most species were present in both treatments, many differed in abundance between wildlife and silvicultural openings, including several species of high conservation concern. These differences were attributable to differences in habitat characteristics between treatments. The overall probability of a nest surviving to fledging was 0.43, and did not differ between wildlife and silvicultural openings. Our results indicate that the habitat quality of wildlife and silvicultural openings is not equivalent for scrub-shrub birds, but the two management approaches serve as complementary strategies for maintaining these declining species.     

Predicting breeding bird occurrence by stand- and microhabitat-scale features in even-aged stands in the Central Appalachians

Spatial scale is an important consideration when managing forest wildlife habitat, and models can be used to improve our understanding of these habitats at relevant scales. Our objectives were to determine whether stand- or microhabitat-scale variables better predicted bird metrics (diversity, species presence, and abundance) and to examine breeding bird response to clearcut size and age in a highly forested landscape. In 2004-2007, vegetation data were collected from 62 even-aged stands that were 3.6-34.6 ha in size and harvested in 1963-1990 on the Monongahela National Forest, WV, USA. In 2005-2007, we also surveyed birds at vegetation plots. We used classification and regression trees to model breeding bird habitat use with a suite of stand and microhabitat variables. Among stand variables, elevation, stand age, and stand size were most commonly retained as important variables in guild and species models. Among microhabitat variables, medium-sized tree density and tree species diversity most commonly predicted bird presence or abundance. Early successional and generalist bird presence, abundance, and diversity were better predicted by microhabitat variables than stand variables. Thus, more intensive field sampling may be required to predict habitat use for these species, and management may be needed at a finer scale. Conversely, stand-level variables had greater utility in predicting late-successional species occurrence and abundance; thus management decisions and modeling at this scale may be suitable in areas with a uniform landscape, such as our study area. Our study suggests that late-successional breeding bird diversity can be maximized long-term by including harvests >10 ha in size into our study area and by increasing tree diversity. Some harvesting will need to be incorporated regularly, because after 15 years, the study stands did not provide habitat for most early successional breeding specialists.     

Live fences as tools for biodiversity conservation: a study case with birds and plants

Live fences may act as tools for biodiversity conservation by providing habitat for native species and increasing connectivity in the landscape. We studied the influence of live fence characteristics on species richness and fence use by birds by examining both local and landscape factors. We studied three types of live fences: planted fences of a native tree, planted fences of an exotic, and spontaneous. They were either connected to forest fragments or isolated, and were all within a pasture matrix. Spontaneous and planted live fences maintain a diverse plant (77 shrub and tree species) and bird communities (98 species). Fence types strongly differed in vegetation composition and structure. We found that by analyzing each fence characteristic independently, there was no difference in bird richness or abundance. However, there was a significant correlation when plant richness, structure, and connectivity were analyzed together. This could be the result of some variables counterbalancing each other. Birds used fences for a variety of purposes including foraging, breeding, and moving across the landscape. Native birds and plants used live fences as habitat and refuge in a landscape where large forest tracts have been lost for decades. Live fences in conjunction with small forest fragments maintain a diverse array of plant and birds species that are a subsample of the species originally found in the landscape before extensive deforestation. We recommend the establishment of live fences, allowing growth of spontaneous understory.     

广东三水云东海国家级湿地公园秋冬季鸟类多样性研究

2019年10—12月,采用样线法在广东三水云东海国家级湿地公园开展秋冬季鸟类多样性调查,共记录到鸟类10目28科56种,数量累计1875只.其中雀形目鸟类有18科40种,占鸟类总数量的83.25％,非雀形目有10科16种,占鸟类总数量的16.75％.在居留类型中,鸟类数量从高到低依次为留鸟、冬候鸟、夏候鸟、旅鸟.鸟类...     

Effects of management regime on the abundance and nest survival of shrubland birds in wildlife openings in northern New England, USA

Many shrubland bird species are declining in eastern North America and as a result forest managers have used a variety of techniques to provide breeding habitat for these species. The maintenance of permanent “wildlife openings” using prescribed burns or mechanical treatments is a widely used approach for providing habitat for these species, but there have been no studies of the effects of treatment regime on bird abundance and nest survival in managed wildlife openings. We studied shrubland birds in wildlife openings on the White Mountain National Forest (WMNF) in New Hampshire and Maine, USA, during 2003 and 2004. We analyzed bird abundance and nest survival in relation to treatment type (burned versus mowed), treatment frequency, time since treatment, and patch area. We found that wildlife openings provided habitat for shrubland birds that are not present in mature forest. There was relatively modest support for models of focal bird species abundance as a function of treatment regime variables, despite pronounced effects of treatment on habitat conditions. This probably was attributable to the combined effects of complex site histories and bird site fidelity. Overall nest success (52%) was comparable to other types of early-successional habitats in the region, but there were few supported relationships between nest survival and treatment variables. We conclude that wildlife openings provide quality habitat for shrubland birds of high conservation interest as long as managers ensure treatment intervals are long enough to permit the development of woody vegetation characteristic of the later stages of this sere. Also, wildlife openings should be large enough to accommodate the territory sizes of all target species, which was ≥1.2 ha in this study.     

日本鸟类环志现状和动向

日本是亚洲地区最早开展候鸟环志以研究其迁徙规律的国家,目前不论是年环志鸟的数量,还是回收鸟的数量均居亚洲地区首位。日本鸟类环志自1924年(大正13年)开始,到1943年累计环志鸟类29～66种316983只,回收环志鸟15～41种,计15379只;1944～1960年鸟类环志工作中止36年,1964年开始在日本全国大规模开展环志工作,到1990年,日本鸟类年环志量已达265种126015只。目前日本共有60处环志站(其中1、2级站分别为10、15个),并有大量鸟类环志爱好者参加工作。     

黑龙江龙凤湿地自然保护区鸟类研究

采用样带法和定点观察法调查黑龙江龙凤湿地自然保护区的鸟类得知：该地区有鸟类142种,隶属于16目33科77属,其中国家一级保护鸟类5种,二级保护鸟类19种;分析鸟类种数和多样性指数的季节变化,以及繁殖期鸟类的组成可知,保护区以迁徙的候鸟为主,繁殖鸟类对湿地生境有高度适应性。     

Correlation between the avian community and habitat at different water levels during spring migration in Zhalong National Nature Reserve, China

Zhalong National Nature Reserve(Zhalong) is an important stopover for migratory birds.In recent decades,Zhalong has become the focus of researchers and public discussion in relation to irrigation.We studied relationships between birds and habitats at different water levels to guide development of more effective habitat management measures.We used line transects to survey bird numbers and distribution during April-May from 2005-2009 at Zhalong,and used cluster analysis and Chi-Square tests to analyze data.We recorded 139 bird species of 39 families and 13 orders during spring migration,including Anseriformes,Charadriiformes,Ciconiiformes,Columbiformes,Coraciiformes,Cuculiformes,Falconiformes,Galliformes,Gruiformes,Passeriformes,Piciformes,Podicipediformes,Strigiformes.Dominant vegetation and geographic region were the main influence factors of avian distribution.Different ecological groups preferred different water levels(p<0.01) and different habitat types(p<0.01).Grallatores,Natatores and Passeres were the main ecological groups in different wetland habitats,and reed marsh and lake are the main habitats for management.Grallatores preferred reed marsh and lake with water levels >30 cm and 5 15 cm.Natatores preferred lakes with deep water(>30 cm).Passeres preferred open forest and reed marsh with no surface water.Different avian ecological groups occupied specific habitats depending on water level and we recorded some overlaps in bird distribution.