猪囊虫在屠宰猪十二个部位肌肉中寄生分布规律的调查

本文通过某肉联厂屠宰猪囊虫寄生情况调查，发现该厂屠宰猪囊虫的感染率为0.12%。囊虫在猪体的咬肌、颈部肌、肩胛外侧肌、腰肌的感染率均位于首位，隔肌次之，且囊虫在猪体内分布是左右对称的，除心肌外，其余11个部位肌肉囊虫感染强度的例数有轻、中、重度的比例不同，轻度感染的比例最高，重度次之，另外，囊虫的大小与其感染强度呈正相关。     

陕西省畜禽寄生蜘蛛昆虫名录

多年来 ,陕西省科技工作者在畜禽寄生虫的区系调查方面做了大量的工作 ,尤其是 1976年以来 ,在全省8个地 (市 )的 30个县做了比较全面而系统的调查研究工作 ,现已基本摸清了陕西省畜禽寄生虫的“家底”,掌握了全省范围内寄生虫的分布、感染及危害情况 ,为防虫灭病提供了科学依据。寄生蠕虫方面已有较为全面的报道 ,但寄生蜘蛛昆虫至今仍未见有系统的研究论文发表 ,有鉴于此 ,笔者将多年来在教学、科研工作中积累的资料 ,汇同其他学者的有关材料整理成陕西省畜禽寄生蜘蛛昆虫名录 ,隶属于节肢动物门(ARTHROPODA SIEBOLD AND STANN…     

寄生线虫抗药性检测技术研究进展

近数十年来药厂生产了一系列高效、广谱、低毒的驱虫药，为家畜寄生虫病的防治发挥了重大的作用，目前应用驱虫药进行定期驱虫仍是寄生虫病的主要防治手段。但反复长期使用某一种驱虫药就会出现寄生虫的抗药性问题。为了研究和防止抗药性的出现，一些学者建立了抗药性检测技术，其中线虫的抗药性检测技术获得了较大的发展。本文就其检测技术及评价作一概述。一、线虫抗药性的分布及建立检测抗药性技术的意义许多国家和地区都报道有抗药性的线虫，包括澳大利亚、新西兰、美国、英国、荷兰、德国、比利时、丹麦等澳、欧洲国家，非洲南部和东北…     

我国鳖的寄生吸虫（一）

本文综述我国鳖的寄生吸虫，共8科13属25种，同时介绍各种吸虫的寄生部位、地区分布、形态特征及大小，并附有插图。共分3篇连载。     

放牧黄牛寄生蠕虫调查及配方驱虫试验

应用改良史多尔（ｓｔｏｌ’ｓ）虫卵计数法，在春乏期随机抽检放牧黄牛２６头，发现消化道线虫、肝片吸虫、矛形双腔吸虫和莫尼茨绦虫的感染率分别为７６９％、４２３％、２３１％和７７％；感染强度以消化道线虫最高，每克粪便中虫卵数（ｅｐｇ）平均达４７６９枚，最高达１０００枚，分期重复检查发现ｅｐｇ平均上升３５０枚。应用硝氯酚、丙硫苯咪唑和盐酸左旋唑进行配方驱虫，硝丙合剂投服１５天，消化道线虫卵和肝片吸虫卵减少率和转阴率均达到１００％。     

绵羊寄生蠕虫感染率的调查

１９９７年５月￣１０月,我们对民和县绵羊寄生蠕虫进行了感染情况的调查,共发现蠕虫２４种,其中线虫１２种,绦虫６种,吸虫６种,分别隶属于３个纲,１０个科,１９个属,单体荷虫量为８９３条,优势虫种为马歇尔线虫,丝状网尾线虫,肝片吸虫,细颈线虫及奥斯特他线虫,感染率分别为９２．３％、８９．２％、９１．７％、９４．７％、９１．４％。     

黑龙江省鸡寄生蠕虫区系调查

2001—2003年，在黑龙江省20个市县共计剖检了788只鸡。这些鸡全部为经产成年蛋鸡品种。绝大部分为罗曼、海赛来自养鸡场和散养户。在剖检中．按全身蠕虫收集法进行了虫体采集。吸虫用70％酒精固定，经硼砂卡红染色后装片鉴定；绦虫用70％酒精固定，用德氏苏木素-硼砂卡红复染法染色后装片鉴定；线虫用5％甘油酒精固定液保存，用甘油透明后进行鉴定。     

犬体寄生蜱的调查

犬体寄生蜱的调查全炳昭，罗杰松，黄爱兰（江西农业大学，南昌３３００４５）近年来，在华东区某养犬场的犬群中，受到蜱的侵袭较为严重。由于蜱的寄生，引起患犬骚扰不安、精神萎糜不振、食欲下降，影响生长和繁殖，严重的可引起肢体跛行或麻痹，食欲废绝，抵抗力减弱。...     

我国鳖的寄生吸虫（三）

本文继续介绍我国鳖体斜睾科、粗盘科和端盘科吸虫，共3属9种。六、斜睾科Plagiorchiidae（Lithe，1901）Ward，1917Iv、鳖细孔吸虫AstiotremaamgdaeOgata，1938（图17）虫体呈长叶状，两端钝圆，前睾部最宽，体表前2／3披以细棘，虫体长1．56～4．18mm（以后单位同），宽0．426～0．975。口吸盘端位，大小为0．076～0．196×0．109～0．186。缺前咽，咽紧靠口吸盘之后，大小为0．055～0．087×0．066～0．098。食道长0．094～0．196，管肠末端达后宰后缘水平。腹吸盘紧接肠分叉之后，大小为0．120～0．196×0．118～0．186，盘中心距前…     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.