盆栽芍药有机生态型无土栽培基质配方筛选

从环境保护和资源循环利用的角度,研究工农业有机废弃物用作盆栽芍药无土栽培基质。测定了20种代用基质混合配方的基本理化性状．并筛选其中8种符合理想无土栽培代用基质的要求的基质配方进行无土栽培试验。试验表明．8种配方均能形成良好的根际环境．满足芍药生长发育的需要：不同混合基质条件下芍药植株生长势差异显著．最适宜的有机基质配方为玉米秸秆：菇渣：炉渣=3：4：3．比较理想的基质配方为菇渣：锯末：炉渣=3：1：1及玉米秸秆：菇渣：炉渣=5：2：3。     

红麻杆配制的基质对白掌生长的影响

以红麻杆作为盆栽基质组成材料,设计6种不同红麻杆含量的基质配方,研究其对白掌生长的影响。结果表明：不同配方的基质对白掌的生长速度、叶片数及根部生长情况均有显著的差异,其中以20%园田土＋19%红麻杆＋60%泥炭＋1%珍珠岩配方对白掌的生长效果最佳。     

秀珍菇菌渣在霍山石斛栽培基质上的应用效果分析

基质的理化性质是影响石斛生长的主要因素之一,本研究旨在探究不同比例腐熟及新鲜秀珍菇菌渣替代市售基质（松树皮）作为栽培基质对霍山石斛生长的影响,分析菌渣理化性质与霍山石斛生长的内在关系,探究菌渣废弃物替代树皮进行栽培的可行性。将腐熟菌渣按体积替代0、25%、50%、75%的松树皮,新鲜菌渣按体积比替代0、25%、50%、75%、100%配制基质栽培石斛,测定基质的理化性质及石斛的各项生长指标,通过冗余分析确定基质理化性质与石斛生长的相关关系及主要影响因素。结果表明：（1）腐熟菌渣及新鲜菌渣均具有较好的透气性,利于石斛生长;（2）菌渣腐熟后pH及电导率升高,严重影响石斛的成活率,而新鲜菌渣的总孔隙度、持水孔隙度是影响存活率及根长根数的主要因子;（3）将50%腐熟菌渣,25%新鲜菌渣替代树皮栽培石斛,其叶片数、株高、根系发育、成活率等生长指标不受影响,当菌渣添加量超过50%时,基质的较高的pH、电导率、持水孔隙度、总孔隙度,均不利于石斛的生长。因此,菌渣可以部分替代树皮栽培石斛,但添加量不宜超过50%,为充分利用菌渣作为石斛栽培基质要全面考虑pH和电导率等理化性质从而调整添加比例。     

海鲜菇渣复合基质对黄瓜生长、果实品质和产量的影响

以津福99号黄瓜为供试材料,选用海鲜菇渣、珍珠岩、蛭石、树皮为栽培基质,在薄膜温室内,研究10种不同基质配比对黄瓜生长的影响。结果表明,利用海鲜菇渣进行黄瓜栽培在生产上完全可行,随着海鲜菇渣使用比例的增加,黄瓜栽培效果呈现下降趋势,且与珍珠岩搭配效果优于树皮基质。综合考虑黄瓜的生长指标、果实产量、果实品质以及基质成本的多方面指标,得出海鲜菇渣在黄瓜栽培应用上最佳的使用比例为33%,海鲜菇渣∶珍珠岩∶蛭石=1∶1∶1为黄瓜栽培的最佳复合基质配方。将海鲜菇渣作为基质进行开发,不仅能够解决目前大量堆积造成的环境污染,还能够降低基质成本,实现农业的可持续发展。     

不同基质配比下黄瓜根际细菌群落结构及多样性分析

分析菇渣、锯末不同比例配比下黄瓜植株根际细菌群落结构特征发现,菇渣和锯末复配基质可替代常规商品基质泥炭(CK)栽培黄瓜,为新型基质栽培模式的应用提供依据。与CK相比,用菇渣、锯末按照3种不同比例复配组成的基质栽培黄瓜,其产量、根际细菌多样性和丰富度指数间均显著提高,同时还影响根际细菌的代谢功能,其中菇渣与锯末比例为1∶1时(T₂)表现最佳。在门分类水平上,菇渣、锯末复配基质栽培条件下黄瓜植株根际中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)细菌丰度占比均低于CK,但拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)细菌丰度占比均高于CK,且拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)是菇渣、锯末复配基质栽培共有的优势细菌门类。在属分类水平上,unclassified＿c＿＿Gammaproteobacteria、利姆诺杆菌属(Limnobacter)和朱氏杆菌属(Chujaibacter)是CK条件下黄瓜植株根系特有的优势细菌属;慢生根瘤菌属(Bradyrhizobium)、短波单胞菌属(Brevundimonas)、Dokdonella属是菇渣与锯末比例为1∶3(T₁     

木薯废弃物代替草炭减量在红掌盆栽基质上的研究应用

以红掌为试验材料，研究木薯废弃物加工生产的熟料基质替代草炭减量作为无土盆栽基质的可行性，结果表明：用木薯废弃物加工生产的熟料介质替代草炭，降低草炭含量的基质配方同样可以获得良好的栽培效果。初步筛选出适宜红掌生长开花的木薯废弃物加工生产的熟料基质优化组合体积配比为熟料介质40%＋草炭60%。用该熟料介质替代草炭，使得草炭减量的红掌无土盆栽基质是可行的。     

海鲜菇菇渣复合红泥土基质对西瓜育苗的影响

研究不同海鲜菇菇渣复合基质对西瓜穴盘育苗的影响,旨在筛选出适用于西瓜育苗的基质配方。试验分别用3~5 mm、3 mm两种粒径的海鲜菇菇渣,按照不同比例与红泥土复合,并进行西瓜穴盘育苗试验,研究不同基质下西瓜苗的各项指标差异。结果表明:随着复合基质中海鲜菇菇渣体积比例的增加,西瓜苗的成苗率、干物质积累、壮苗指数等指标总体呈现上升趋势;而当基质中菇渣体积比例超过70%时,西瓜苗各指标有所下降;复合基质中菇渣比例为60%~70%时较为适宜于西瓜穴盘育苗,且大粒径菇渣较小粒径复合基质更有利于西瓜苗的生长。海鲜菇菇渣复合红泥土基质可用于西瓜穴盘育苗,建议使用大粒径海鲜菇菇渣∶红泥土=7∶3的配方进行西瓜育苗。     

马铃薯淀粉渣对平菇生长特性和产量的影响

以平菇菌种为试验材料,采用袋栽方式,研究加入0(CK),5,10,15和20 kg/100kg的马铃薯淀粉渣对平菇生长和产量的影响,测定了菌丝生长、菌丝生长速度、出菇产量和平菇生物学效率等指标。结果表明,加入不同量的马铃薯淀粉渣对平菇菌丝的生长速度和生物学效率的影响不同;马铃薯淀粉渣最佳加入量为15 kg/100kg,其栽培的最佳配方为马铃薯淀粉渣15%、玉米芯35%、木屑26%、棉籽壳15%、石膏粉1%、玉米粉6%和石灰2%,在此栽培基质配方下平菇菌丝生长均优于其他处理。     

基质对贮运盆栽榕树落叶及其抗性生理的影响

以盆栽榕树为试验材料,探讨不同基质配方对贮运盆栽榕树落叶及抗性生理的影响变化。结果表明：采用70%椰粉糠＋20%珍珠岩＋10%草炭和80%椰粉糠＋20%珍珠岩＋保水剂（基质与保水剂重量比100：1）移栽盆栽榕树,在贮运温度12±1℃下能有效地降低叶片质膜透性和MDA含量,减缓叶片渗透调节物质的降解速度,减缓叶片叶绿素含量和抗氧化物保护酶活性的下降,提高贮运期间的抗性能力,延缓榕树衰老,有效降低落叶率,在贮运36天的情况下,落叶率在16%以下,达到了出口要求。     

不同畜禽废弃物配施对郁金香生长的影响

[目的]探寻能满足郁金香生长发育需求的畜禽废弃物配施配方,应用于生产[方法]以泥炭、珍珠岩、鸡粪、猪粪、复合肥等基质为试材,研究不同畜禽废弃物配施的基质对盆栽郁金香生长发育的影响。[结果]以泥炭、珍珠岩、鸡粪、复合肥4种基质按6．5：2．4：1．0：0．1的比例和泥炭、珍珠岩、猪粪、复合肥4种基质按6．5：2．4：1．0：0．1的比例混配,有利于盆栽郁金香的生长发育[结论]选出了较适宜郁金香生长的基质配方：泥炭、珍珠岩、鸡粪、复合肥4种基质按6．0：2．4：1．0：0．1比例配制．     

以桉树皮为原料的有机基质育苗效果

为了以环保的方式提高桉树皮的利用价值,利用微生物腐熟发酵,使其成为理化性质与泥炭土相似的有机基质。通过培育经济植物辣木、青花、生菜、番茄、烟草和生石花,探讨桉树皮原料基质的育苗效果。研究不同腐熟程度桉树皮的主要养分含量,以及复配不同比例珍珠岩（10%、20%、30%）对6种供试植物种子发芽率,苗期株高、冠幅和地径的影响。结果表明：腐熟60 d的桉树皮内速效氮磷钾的含量都高于泥炭土,且6种供试植物的生长量都显著高于生料（未经腐熟）与腐熟40 d的桉树皮（P<0.05）。其中腐熟60 d的桉树皮作为基质培育青花、番茄与生菜的效果均优于对照泥炭土,并以复配30%珍珠岩的效果为佳。而生石花的发芽率,以及辣木和烟草的生长量显著低于泥炭土（P<0.05）,推测其受桉树内源生长抑制物的影响。研究结果表明腐熟60 d的桉树皮可作为基质代替泥炭土适用于青花、生菜和番茄育苗。而桉树皮腐熟程度与抑制物含量的关系,以及在辣木、烟草与生石花等抑制物耐受性较低植物上的应用,还有待进一步研究。     

Extracted sweet corn tassels as a renewable alternative to peat in greenhouse substrates

Soilless substrates are primarily used in the production of containerized greenhouse and nursery crops. Sphagnum peat moss is a primary constituent of these substrates and its harvest from endangered ecosystems has become a worldwide concern. Ethanol-extracted, coarse-ground corn (Zea mays L. ‘Silver Queen’) tassels were used as a peat replacement for potting substrates. Replacing peat moss with increasing levels of ground tassel (up to 50%, v/v) elevated pH and electrical conductance, while having variable effects on substrate physical properties (bulk density, percent solids, air porosity, container capacity, and total porosity). Two identical greenhouse experiments separated by time were conducted using tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. ‘Red Robin’) plants grown in 6.0-L pots. In the first experiment, all substrates were similar for total tomato yield per plant and number of fruit per plant, with only the 50% tassel substrate having significantly lower values. There were no differences for plant height or average fruit weight among substrates. No differences were found for any of these variables in the second experiment. This research indicates that extracted ground tassels may be utilized as a suitable replacement for peat in greenhouse substrates for tomatoes.     

干旱与盐胁迫下不同栽培基质碧玉兰POD活性的变化

选取树皮、泥炭、水苔、陶粒4种材料，净化处理后按8种不同配比分别对碧玉兰进行干旱胁迫和盐胁迫处理。结果表明，干旱胁迫和盐胁迫对碧玉兰体内过氧化物酶（POD）活性的影响存在差异。碧玉兰POD活性在干旱胁迫后35d保持比较平稳的上升趋势，42d时出现大幅度上升；盐胁迫后呈先上升后下降的趋势。干旱胁迫下，3／4树皮＋1／4泥炭所栽培碧玉兰POD活性上升较为稳定；盐胁迫下，1／2树皮＋1／4泥炭＋1／4陶粒所栽培碧玉兰POD活性变化相对其他栽培基质更缓和。     

Suppression of Pythium aphanidermatum damping-off in container media containing composted liquorice roots

Pythium damping-off is a major problem in nurseries using peat in container media. Composted liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) roots (CLR) was used as a peat substitute in container media and was suppressive to P. aphanidermatum. CLR and peat media were inoculated with the pathogen and planted with cucumber. The inoculum level was low, so that no seedlings were killed in the first planting. Damping-off occurred in the peat medium during the second and third cycle, but not in the CLR medium. Disease development in the peat medium was highest after three plantings, when 85% disease was recorded, compared with 10% in the CLR medium. CLR therefore was effective in preventing disease build-up. Compost taken from a heap during the thermophilic stage was not suppressive and sterilized compost lost its ability to suppress Pythium damping-off. Apparently the suppression of plant pathogens in compost is due to a biological mechanism developed during the final stage of composting, i.e. during maturation.     

大根唇柱苣苔的组培快繁技术

以大根唇柱苣苔叶片为外植体,以MS为基本培养基,附加不同种类和浓度的激素进行组培快繁技术研究。结果表明:适宜叶片不定芽诱导的培养基是MS+6-BA 1.00 mg/L+NAA 0.05 mg/L,继代增殖培养的适宜培养基为MS+6-BA 1.50~3.00 mg/L+NAA 0.10 mg/L,适宜的生根培养基为1/2MS+IBA 0.20~0.30 mg/L,适宜的基质是泥炭∶珍珠岩=2∶1、泥炭∶细河沙=2∶1、泥炭∶园土=2∶1。     

蝴蝶兰组培苗移植技术研究

对蝴蝶兰组培苗的移植技术进行研究,结果表明:室内炼苗4d+室外炼苗4d这种炼苗方式,能使幼苗成活率达94.0%;用水苔、椰丝作为移栽基质,幼苗成活率分别达到98%、96%,而且幼苗长势良好;对出瓶后的幼苗以及基质水苔进行消毒,都能极显著提高幼苗的成活率。     

不同基质对鸟巢蕨生长和叶片生理特性的影响

设计7种不同的栽培基质配方,通过测定鸟巢蕨叶片的可溶性糖、淀粉、可溶性蛋白、叶绿素及光合特性指标,以筛选适宜鸟巢蕨生长的配方。结果表明:不同基质对鸟巢蕨碳水化合物、可溶性蛋白、叶绿素含量及光合特性指标存在显著性差异;根据主成分分析结果显示,以纯椰糠作为基质最适宜鸟巢蕨的生长,该基质适合在海南鸟巢蕨的大规模生产中进行推广应用。     

Use of tomato crop residues into soil for control of bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum

Tomato debris can be used as the soil amendment to reduce agricultural residue accumulation problems and increase soil fertility. However, pathogens present in the debris may form a risk for subsequent crops. In this study, tomato growth substrate was amended with tomato debris artificially inoculated with Ralstonia solanacearum and the effect of heat treatments on the survival of the pathogen was measured. Experiments were carried out in the laboratory and in greenhouses, using peat moss and sand mix in pots as substrates. Pots were enclosed in plastic bags or left open. Then 0, 5, 10 and 15 g of tomato debris were applied to 500 g growing medium, with four replicates per treatment. Treatments at 45 °C lowered tomato wilt indices in tomato cv. Money-Maker and that the pathogen was not eradicated after pot treatments at 25 °C. R. solanacearum remained pathogenic on the assayed growing media after a six-week treatment at 25 °C, but was eradicated after treatments at 45 °C. The lower infectivity of infected debris tomato plants when buried with high doses of organic matter and at temperatures above 45 °C suggests that adverse effects on the soil inoculum would be exerted through increased soil temperatures. This study demonstrates that tomato crop residues, usually considered waste material, could be used as soil amendments to reduce their effect as a source of contamination as they offer additional advantages.