小麦籽粒黄色素基因型鉴定及其与色差仪参数相关分析

为了解河南现有小麦品种中籽粒黄色素含量位点Psy-A1、Psy-B1和Psy-D1的等位基因变异及分布,本研究利用其功能标记YP7A、YP7B-1、YP7B-2、YP7D-1和YP7D-2对43份河南小麦供试材料的Psy-A1、Psy-B1和Psy-D1位点的基因型进行鉴定,并探讨了这些等位基因与面粉黄度b*值的关系。结果表明,参试小麦品种中Psy-A1a和Psy-A1b基因型的频率分别为86%和14%,主要为高黄色素含量的Psy-A1a等位基因;Psy-B1a、Psy-B1b和Psy-B1c基因型的频率分别为16.28%、81.40%和9.30%,主要为低黄色素含量的Psy-B1b等位基因;Psy-D1a基因型的频率为100%。参试小麦品种面粉黄度b*值变异幅度较大,从4.85到13.78,平均值为9.58。分析表明,基因型组合Psy-A1b/Psy-B1c和Psy-A1b/Psy-B1b调控低黄色素含量,基因型组合Psy-A1a/Psy-B1a和Psy-A1a/Psy-B1c调控高黄色素含量,基因型组合Psy-A1b/Psy-B1a和Psy-A1a/Psy-B1b调控中等黄色素含量。本研究能够为以小麦面粉色泽为育种目标的小麦新品种培育提供数据参考。     

陕西省地方小麦品种黄色素含量基因的遗传分析

面粉及其制成品的色泽是衡量小麦品质的重要指标之一.八氢番茄红素合成酶(Phytoene synthase,Psy)基因是影响小麦黄色素含量的关键基因,利用分子标记检测 98 份陕西省地方小麦品种(系)Psy-A1与 Psy-B1基因的等位变异及其分布,进一步验证Psy-A1与Psy-B1基因分子标记的有效性.利用黄色素含量基因(Psy-A1、Psy-B1) 的功能标记 YP7A 和 YP7B 检测了 98 份陕西省1980年以来自育和引进的小麦品种(系)Psy-A1等位基因Psy-A1a (片段长度为 194 bp,高黄色素含量)、Psy-A1b(片段长度为231 bp,低黄色素含量)和Psy-B1等位基因Psy-B1a (片段长度为151 bp,中黄色素含量)、Psy-B1b (片段长度为156 bp,低黄色素含量)、Psy-B1c (片段长度为428 bp,高黄色素含量) 与 Psy-B1d (片段长度为884 bp,不确定与黄色素含量的关系)的分布情况,并探讨了Psy-A1、Psy-B1等位基因在品种间的遗传关系.结果表明,陕西省主栽小麦品种(系)中Psy-A1a和Psy-A1b 基因型的频率分别为39.8%和60.2%,以低黄色素含量的Psy-A1b基因型为主;Psy-B1a、Psy-B1b、Psy-B1c与Psy-B1d 四种基因型的分布频率分别是24.5%,67.4%,7.1%和1.0%.对属于黄淮冬麦区之陕西汾渭河谷副区的小麦品种(系)Psy-A1a、Psy-A1b、Psy-B1a、Psy-B1b、Psy-B1c和Psy-B1d 基因型的分布频率分别为45.7%、54.3%,17.4%,71.7%,10.9%和0%;对属于西南冬麦区之陕南鄂西丘陵副区的小麦品种(系)Psy-A1a、Psy-A1b、Psy-B1a、Psy-B1b、Psy-B1c和Psy-B1d 基因型的分布频率则分别为32.7%,67.3%,30.8%,63.5%,3.9%和1.9%,说明不同副麦区的小麦品种(系)基因型差异明显,同时可以直接利用黄色素含量基因(Psy-A1和Psy-B1 )的功能标记YP7A和YP7B来提高小麦育种效率.     

四川小麦品种淀粉特性、多酚氧化酶活性和黄色素含量相关基因的分子标记鉴定

优良面条小麦品种的重要品质特征包括较低的直链淀粉含量、低多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase,PPO)活性和低黄色素含量。本研究利用3个Waxy蛋白、4个PPO活性和6个黄色素含量等位基因的分子标记,对2000-2012年期间四川省审定的105份小麦品种进行基因检测。结果表明:针对淀粉特性,含Wx-B1b基因(Wx-B1缺失)的品种有34份(32.4%),未检测到含Wx-A1b(Wx-A1缺失)和Wx-D1b(Wx-D1缺失)的品种;针对PPO活性,在Ppo-A1位点含Ppo-A1b(低PPO活性)的品种有55份(52.4%),在Ppo-D1位点含Ppo-D1a(低PPO活性)的品种有78份(74.3%);针对黄色素含量,在Psy-A1位点含Psy-A1b(低黄色素含量)的品种有56份(53.3%),未检测到含Psy-A1c的品种,在Psy-B1位点含Psy-B1b(低黄色素含量)的品种有59份(56.2%),未检测到含Psy-B1e的品种。105份品种中兼有Waxy蛋白亚基缺失(Wx-B1b)、低PPO活性(Ppo-A1b和Ppo-D1a)和低黄色素含量等位基因(Psy-A1b和Psy-B1b)的品种有10份,频率为9.5%。利用这些优质基因较全面的品种作为亲本材料,在品质育种中逐步导入上述优质基因,是综合提高四川小麦面条质量的有效途径。     

硬粒小麦品种Lpx-B1位点等位变异的分子鉴定及其脂肪氧化酶活性

硬粒小麦籽粒中脂肪氧化酶(LOX)与硬粒小麦面制品的加工品质关系密切相关, 而Lpx-B1位点不同变异类型对LOX活性有重要影响。对来自不同国家和地区的167份硬粒小麦品种的LOX活性进行测定, 并对其Lpx-B1位点不同变异类型进行分子鉴定。不同品种间LOX活性差异明显, 变幅为0.20～7.98 AU min^-1 g^-1。在Lpx-B1.1位点鉴定出3种等位变异, 分别为Lpx-B1.1a、Lpx-B1.1b和Lpx-B1.1c, 以Lpx-B1.1a所占比例最高(55.1%), 其次为Lpx-B1.1c (37.1%), 而Lpx-B1.1b仅占7.8%; Lpx-B1.2和Lpx-B1.3二者总是互补出现在不同的品种中, 146份品种为Lpx-B1.2型, 其余21份品种均为Lpx-B1.3型, 表明二者可能互为一对等位因子。在Lpx-B1.1位点的3种等位变异类型中, Lpx-B1.1b类型品种的LOX活性显著高于Lpx-B1.1a和Lpx-B1.1c类型品种, 而Lpx-B1.1c类型品种的LOX活性最低。Lpx-B1.3类型品种的LOX活性显著高于Lpx-B1.2类型的品种。参试品种共有6种Lpx-B1基因型组合, 其中Lpx-B1.1b/Lpx-B1.3基因型的LOX活性显著高于其他基因型, 而Lpx-B1.1c/Lpx-B1.2和Lpx-B1.1c/Lpx-B1.3基因型的LOX活性最低。这些观测结果为硬粒小麦品质育种提供了重要信息。     

新疆小麦Psy-A1、Ppo-A1、Ppo-D1、TaLox-B1等位变异对面粉色泽的影响

利用已开发的面粉色泽相关性状基因的分子标记,检测了182份新疆小麦品种(系)的Psy-A1、Ppo-A1、Ppo-D1、Ta Lox-B1等位变异,并结合表型鉴定结果,分析不同等位变异对面粉色泽的影响。结果表明,单基因等位变异对面粉色泽的影响不同,其中4个基因等位变异L*值的差异均不显著;对a*值的效应,Psy-A1a高于Psy-A1b(P0.01),Ppo-A1b高于Ppo-A1a(P0.05),Ta Lox-B1a高于Ta Lox-B1b(P0.05);Psy-A1a基因型的b*值高于Psy-A1b基因型(P0.01);Psy-A1a基因型的Wht值低于Psy-A1b基因型(P0.01)。说明Psy-A1是影响面粉色泽(红度、黄度和白度)的重要基因,而Ppo-A1和Ta Lox-B1基因的等位变异只对面粉红度有显著影响。4个检测基因共有12种等位变异组合,对a*、b*和Wht值有显著效应(P0.01),但对L*值影响不显著(P0.05);Psy-A1b/Ppo-A1a/Ppo-D1b/Ta Lox-B1b组合具有最高的Wht值和最低的a*、b*值,Psy-A1a/Ppo-A1a/Ppo-D1b/Ta Lox-B1a组合具有最低的Wht值和最高的a*、b*值。182份品种的Wht值平均为86.86,其中审定品种平均为86.87,冬小麦品种为86.42,春小麦品种为87.32。青春5号具有优良的基因型和较高的面粉白度,应加强利用。总体来看,改良新疆小麦面粉的白度,应重点加强对Psy-A1基因的选择,提高Psy-A1b比例。     

普通小麦近缘种低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基Glu-A3基因的分离和鉴定

低分子量麦谷蛋白约占小麦种子贮藏蛋白的三分之一,对面团延展性和食品加工品质有重要影响。普通小麦近缘种是小麦遗传改良的重要基因资源。本研究利用Glu-A3位点特异性引物对野生二粒小麦、栽培二粒小麦、硬粒小麦及野生一粒小麦共计9份材料进行Glu A3-1、Glu A3-2、Glu A3-3基因扩增和鉴定,各发现5个等位变异,共计15个单元型;其中,有2个等位变异含有9个半胱氨酸残基,可能属于优良品质亚基。对小麦近缘种中这些Glu-A3位点等位变异的鉴别,进一步完善了小麦低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基的构成,并为小麦品质育种中亲本的选择提供了相应依据。     

北方冬麦区新育成优质小麦品种面条品质相关性状分析

为了解近年北方冬麦区育成优质小麦品种的品质状况,两年两点统一种植52份优质品种(系)及6份国外代表性品种,测定其磨粉品质、和面仪和混合实验仪特性、淀粉糊化特性及面条品质,并利用5个基因特异性标记分析基因型分布及其对品质性状的影响。结果表明,大部分品种为硬质、中强筋类型,品种间出粉率、面粉a*值、b*值、黄色素含量、PPO活性、和面仪参数、混合实验仪形成时间和稳定时间差异较大。和面仪8 min带宽和混合实验仪稳定时间可作为预测面条品质的重要指标,可分别解释面条总分变异33.3%和34.4%。Ppo-A1a和Ppo-A1b频率为41.4%和58.6%,两种基因型间PPO活性差异显著(P<0.05);Ppo-D1a和Ppo-D1b频率为51.7%和48.3%,但PPO活性差异不显著;Psy-A1a和Psy-A1b频率为81.0%和19.0%,两种基因型间黄色素含量差异显著(P<0.05);1BL/1RS易位和非易位品种频率为13.8%和86.2%,两种基因型间面粉L*值、黄色素含量、和面仪衰落势与8 min带宽、混合实验仪稳定时间等差异显著(P<0.05)。面条品质较好的品种包括Sunzell、石优17、郑麦366、中麦 895、周麦 26、CA1004和石4185。本研究明确了58份小麦品种(系)的品质特征和基因型分布,为优质小麦新品种选育和推广提供了重要信息。     

利用功能标记揭示新疆小麦改良品种与地方品种的遗传变异

揭示新疆小麦改良品种与地方品种在主要农艺性状相关基因上的遗传变异对进一步改良和利用新疆育成品种具有重要意义。本研究利用52个功能标记对136份新疆小麦改良品种和地方品种分析发现, 与适应性相关的矮秆等位变异Rht-B1b和Rht-D1b、半冬性生长习性相关等位变异Vrn-D1b、T1BL·1RS易位系, 与品质相关的高脂肪氧化酶活性等位变异TaLox-B1a、低多酚氧化酶活性等位变异Ppo-D1a、低黄色素含量等位变异Psy-A1b以及与高粒重等位变异Hap-H (TaSus-2B)仅分布在改良品种中, 而且光周期不敏感等位变异Ppd-D1a (77.6%)、优质麦谷蛋白亚基Dx5+Dy10 (35.4%)和硬质等位变异Pin-D1b (25.0%), 以及高千粒重等位变异TaCwi-A1a (63.3%)、Hap-4A-T (Tacwi-4A) (33.8%)、Hap-5D-C (TaCWI-5D) (93.7%)、Hap-2 (TaGS1a) (77.9%)、TaGS-D1a (78.5%)、TaGS5-A1b (50.0%)和TaTGW6-A1a (92.1%)在改良品种中分布频率明显高于地方品种。大部分优异等位变异分布频率随着育种时期的推进呈现不连续性上升趋势。在适应性与品质相关基因方面, 春性改良品种的优异等位变异频率高于冬性改良品种。功能标记分析显示改良品种的遗传多样性高于地方品种。136份新疆小麦资源被聚为改良品种和地方品种两类, 改良品种被进一步聚为冬性和春性两类, 说明新疆改良品种与地方品种间存在明显的遗传差异。本研究鉴定的优异等位基因和等位基因组合为进一步改良新疆小麦品种提供了重要信息。     

穗发芽抗性STS标记Vp1B3在中国小麦微核心种质中的检测

小麦在临近收获前发生穗发芽,不仅劣化小麦加工品质,而且降低小麦产量。提高小麦穗发芽抗性水平是小麦育种工作的重要目标之一。本实验以258份中国小麦微核心种质为试材,利用已报道的小麦穗发芽抗性标记Vp1B3对其进行多态性检测,以了解该抗性标记在中国小麦微核心种质中的分布规律,寻找新的等位变异类型,并结合部分品种的发芽指数,分析不同等位变异类型与穗发芽抗性之间的关系。结果表明：检测的258份供试材料中,a带型（13．9％）、c带型（41．1％）和e带型（34．5％）等3种带型为主要扩增带型,占总变异类型的89．5％;b、d、f带型为本研究所发现的新的等位变异类型,占总变异类型的2．4％。此外,杂合带型以及无扩增产物的分别占总变异类型的3．5％和4．6％。对选取的部分穗发芽抗性不同的材料进行统计分析,结果显示,c带型品种的发芽指数（GI,47．9％）明显高于a带型（GI,22．6％）和e带型（GI,24.3％）的品种,但c带型的品种中也存在GI值较低的高抗穗发芽品种,而a带型和e带型的品种中同时也出现了GI值较高的感穗发芽品种,说明小麦穗发芽的遗传机制比较复杂,其抗性不仅仅受Vp1B3基因控制,而是多种因素共同作用的结果。     

粒重基因TaCwi-A1等位变异在黄淮麦区小麦品种(系)中的分布及功能分析

为探讨小麦粒重基因TaCwi-A1等位变异TaCwi-A1a和TaCwi-A1b在育种实践中的应用价值,首先利用TaCwi-A1功能标记对539份黄淮麦区小麦品种(系)进行分子检测,确定各供试材料的等位变异类型,从而获得TaCwi-A1a和TaCwi-A1b 2种等位变异的分布频率。对审定品种、参加区试品系以及自育品系进行了千粒质量(3个不同生长环境)及粒长、粒宽和籽粒面积(1个生长环境)测试分析,比较TaCwi-A1a和TaCwi-A1b等位变异籽粒表型性状的差异性。结果表明,在539份黄淮麦区小麦资源中TaCwi-A1a的分布频率为65.03%,TaCwi-A1b的分布频率为34.97%,TaCwi-A1a的分布频率明显高于TaCwi-A1b。籽粒表型性状分析表明,无论是审定品种,还是参加区试品系和自育品系,在3个生长环境下,TaCwi-A1a基因型材料的千粒质量均值都显著高于TaCwi-A1b;TaCwi-A1a基因型材料的粒长和粒宽均显著高于TaCwi-A1b。进一步验证了TaCwi-A1a等位变异的籽粒表型性状增效功能,说明其对粒重及其构成要素是优异的等位变异。此外,本研究鉴定了黄淮麦区中TaCwi-A1等位变异的分布情况,为亲本选配提供了参考。     

新疆小麦品种高分子量谷蛋白亚基及相关品质基因的分子标记检测

高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基、1B·1R易位系、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性及黄色素含量等基因对小麦加工品质有重要影响,准确、快速鉴定这些基因对品质改良有重要意义.本研究对新疆当地及国内外引进的321份小麦品种进行SDS-PAGE分析,利用特异性分子标记对高分子量谷蛋白亚基中的Dx5、Bx7、By8、By9亚基、1B·1R易位系、PPO和黄色素含量基因进行鉴定.进一步验证分子标记检测的可靠性和准确性,为优质小麦分子标记辅助育种提供材料和方法.SDS-PAGE分析表明,供试材料有21种亚基类型,其中Glu-A1位点有3种类型,以null为主;Glu-B1位点有10种类型,Bx7+By8和Bx7+By9亚基占主导地位;Glu-DJ位点有8种类型,Dx2+Dy12和Dx5+Dy10占主导地位.分子标记检测表明,Dx5亚基的频率为38.3%,Bx7亚基的频率为85.7%,By8亚基的频率为38.9%,Bx9亚基的频率为42.7%;特异性PCR标记扩增与SDS-PAGE鉴定结果的吻合率分别为97.2%、98.4%、93.4%和97.2%.在新疆当地品种、其他国内品种和国外品种中,1B·1R易位系材料的频率分别为22.0%、31.5%和25.0%,Psy-A1b的频率分别为9.0%、10.8%和5.4%,Ppo-A1b的频率分别为38.0%、43.8%和45.7%,Ppo-Dla的频率分别为48.0%、66.9%和40.2%.同时含Ppo-A1b和Ppo-D1a的材料有74份,占23.0%.本试验中采用的基因特异性标记重复性好、准确率高,可有效用于小麦品质分子标记辅助选择.     

Characterization of CIMMYT bread wheats for high- and low-molecular weight glutenin subunits and other quality-related genes with SDS-PAGE,RP-HPLC and molecular markers

Two hundred and seventy-three CIMMYT bread wheat cultivars and advanced lines grown under irrigated conditions in Mexico during the 2005-06 Yaqui crop cycle were characterized for quality-related genetic traits using gene-specific markers for some high- and low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS and LMW-GS) genes, polyphenol oxidase (PPO), phytoene synthase (PSY), and waxy genes. Of them, 142 were analyzed for quality parameters including SDS sedimentation volume (SDS-SV), dough mixing time, and Alveograph parameters, and for HMW-GS and LMW-GS compositions using sodium-dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). For the Ppo-A1 locus tested with the marker PPO18, the frequencies of alleles Ppo-A1a and Ppo-A1b were 79.1 and 20.2%, respectively, and no PCR fragment was amplified in 2 lines (0.73%), whereas 227 lines (83.2%) contained the allele Ppo-D1a and 46 lines (16.8%) had Ppo-D1b detected by markers PPO16 and PPO29. For the marker YP7A, 142 lines (52.0%) were assumed to have the allele Psy-A1a and 131 lines (48.0%) contained the allele Psy-A1b. In the case of the marker YP7B for the gene Psy-B1, the alleles Psy-B1a and Psy-B1b were detected in 155 (56.8%) and 43 (15.8%) lines, respectively, and 75 (27.4%) lines possessed the allele Psy-B1d detected by the marker YP7B-3. All 273 lines contained the alleles Wx-A1a and Wx-D1a as determined by markers MAG264 and MAG269, respectively. Using the marker Wx-B1, 204 lines (74.7%) were presumed to have the Wx-B1a allele and 69 (25.3%) possessed Wx-B1b. The over-expressing allele of Bx7 ^OE and subunit By8*, not clearly seen with SDS-PAGE, were detected by RP-HPLC. The numbers of lines with subunits Ax2*, By8, By9, Bx17, Bx20, Dx5, and Glu-B3j were 90, 16, 57, 5, 46, 118, and 33, respectively, in the 142 lines analyzed with molecular markers, and were consistent with the results obtained by SDS-PAGE, except for one line with the 1A.1R translocation. Subunits Ax1 and Ax2* at the Glu-A1 locus showed significantly better effects on all quality parameters than subunit Null. Subunits 5 + 10 gave significantly better effects for all parameters. Subunit Glu-A3b showed more positive effects than its alternative alleles on SDS-SV and SDS-sedimentation volume/protein content index (SPI). The allele Glu-B3g showed the best effect on SDS-SV and Alveograph W, whereas Glu-B3j, associated with the 1B.1R translocation, exhibited a strongly negative effect on all quality parameters.     

冬小麦低温处理叶片细胞膜透性的QTL定位

为探索冬小麦抗寒性的分子机制,以168个花培3号×豫麦57的双单倍体株系为作图群体,利用已构建含有324个SSR标记的遗传图谱,对电导法测定低温(−18℃)处理后的叶片膜透性进行QTL定位。利用完全区间作图法,在3种环境下共检测到21个与叶片膜透性相关的加性QTLs,分布于1B、2A、3A、3B、5B、6A、6B、6D、7B和7D染色体上,其中4个位点(qCMP-1B-1、qCMP-3B-2、qCMP-5B-1和qCMP-5B-4)遗传贡献率大于10%,属主效基因,其余QTL的遗传贡献率较小,属微效基因。3种环境条件下在5B染色体的Xgwm213–Xswes861.2区间检测到共同位点,与Xswes861.2的遗传距离为0 cM,其中qCMP-5B-1 (环境1)和qCMP-5B-4 (环境3)的贡献率高达17.5%和14.0%。研究结果对于小麦抗寒标记选择和抗寒育种具有应用价值。     

Genetical Studies of Resistance of Powdery Mildew in Barley Lines Derived from Hordeum spontaneum Collected from Israel

Genetical studies on mildew resistance were carried out with Hordem spontaneum derived lines. A total of 28 lines (66 %) showed monofactorial segregation for mildew resistance, For 14 lines, a bifactorial mode of inheritance was found. In total fifty six mildew resistance genes take part in the inheritance of mildew resistance of the H. spontaneum derived lines, while the presence of known genes for mildew resistance (i.e, Ml-a.9 and Ml-p) was established only in two cases. Independent segregation from the Ml-a locus was found in 10 mbnofaetorial segregating lines, The genes conditioning mildew resistance in barley lines derived from the accessions 1B-54B, RS 170-47, RS 20-1. 1B-86B, RS 145-39 and 1B–152B of H. spontaneum were closely linked or alleles to the Ml-a locus, but shown to be different from 15 previously identified Ml-a alleles. It is suggested that these genes should be designated Ml-a16, Ml-18, Ml-19 Ml-20 and Ml-a21 respectively. No recombinants were found in test crosses when both parents carried genes/alleles of the Ml-a locus. In addition, polymorphism has been observed also for the Ml-a locus. In 4 lines mildew resistance was conditioned by two dominant complementary genes. For one of the 2 genes, conditioning mildew resistance of line RS 42-8 × OrioL a new locus was found located near the centromere of the long arm of chromosome 5, and should be designated Ml-i The potential use of H. spontaneum genes for mildew resistance in barley breeding is discussed.     

QTL mapping for flour and noodle colour components and yellow pigment content in common wheat

Improvement of flour colour is an important breeding objective for various wheat-based end-products. The objectives of this study were to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for flour colour components and yellow pigment content (YPC), using 240 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between the Chinese wheat cultivars PH82-2 and Neixiang 188. Field trials were performed in a Latinized α-lattice design in Anyang and Jiaozuo, Henan Province and Taian, Shandong, in the 2005–2006 and 2006–2007 cropping seasons providing data for six environments. One hundred and eighty-eight polymorphic SSR markers, rye secalin marker Sec1, STS markers YP7A for a phytoene synthase gene (Psy-A1), and four glutenin subunit markers, were used to genotype the population and construct the linkage map for subsequent QTL analysis. Two major QTL were detected for YPC, associated with 1RS (1B.1R translocation) and the Psy-A1 (7A) gene, explaining 31.9% and 33.9% of the phenotypic variances, respectively. 1RS also had large influences on Fa*, Fb*, KJ, NL*and Nb*, and Psy-A1 genes showed large effects on Fa*, Fb*, Kj, Fci, NL*, Na* and Nb*, explaining from 4.5 to 26.1% and 4.3 to 35.9% of the phenotypic variances, respectively. In addition, QTL for flour colour parameters and yellow pigment content were also detected on chromosomes 1A and 4A, accounting for 1.5–4.1% of the phenotypic variance. The genetic effect of the 1B.1R translocation on flour colour parameters was also discussed.     

Allelic variation of HMW and LMW glutenin subunits, HMW secalin subunits and 75K gamma-secalins of hexaploid triticale

Although the endosperm storage protein of hexaploid triticale have alreadybeen analysed, the allelic diversity of glutenins and secalins remains to bedescribed. Analysis, by SDS-PAGE, of about one thousand F2 seeds fromten triticale crosses allowed the inheritance of these storage proteins to bestudied in order to determine their allelic forms and to assign them toparticular chromosomes. Two new alleles encoding HMW subunits ofglutenin and five new alleles encoding HMW subunits of secalin weredetermined at Glu-B1 and Glu-R1 loci respectively. In additionto the three allelic forms of 75K gamma-secalins encoded at Gli-R2and previously reported, a null form was found. A nomenclature for theseproteins and their corresponding alleles was suggested. The composition ofB-LMW glutenin subunits of hexaploid triticale was described and allelicforms were determined: Five alleles were encoded at Glu-A3 andseven at Glu-B3 including one and two new allelic formsrespectively.     

水、旱稻根基粗和抗旱系数QTL的标记辅助选择及验证

利用水、旱稻杂交、回交所产生的4个分离群体对RIL群体定位到的抗旱相关的根基粗、抗旱系数2个QTL进行了选择验证。结果表明，根基粗、抗旱系数QTL的两侧标记在不同群体、不同的遗传背景中遗传稳定。在旱田种植条件下，YIBC1、JIBC1、JIF2 3个分离群体携带有根基粗QTL brt4.1两侧标记有利等位基因的个体与没有携带brt4.1两侧     

Validation of simple sequence repeats associated with quality traits in durum wheat

Over recent years, quality has become an important commercial issue for durum wheat breeders. Modern breeding methods are most efficient for producing and supplying the best quality raw materials to the pasta industry. Here we assessed the effectiveness of molecular marker-assisted selection of quality traits in durum wheat. To this end, DNA and quality trait markers were jointly used to analyze quality-related traits in a durum wheat collection. A total of 132 durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum) Mediterranean landraces, international lines, and Moroccan cultivars were analyzed for seven important qualityrelated traits including thousand-kernel weight (TKW), test weight (TW), gluten strength, yellow pigment (YP), and grain protein content (GPC). Additionally, 18 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers previously reported to be associated with different quality traits were analyzed. Of these, 14 (78%) were polymorphic and four were monomorphic. There were between two and seven alleles per locus, with an average of four alleles per locus. The average phenotypic variation value (R²) ranged from 2.81 to 20.43%. Association analysis identified nine markers significantly associated with TKW, TW, and YP, followed by eight markers associated with GPC, six markers associated with yellow index b, four markers associated with brightness L, and three markers associated with SDS-sedimentation volume. This study highlights the efficiency of SSR technology, which holds promise for a wide range of applications in marker-assisted wheat breeding programs.     

Characterisation of European oat germ plasm: allelic variation at complex avenin loci detected by acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

European oat germ plasm involving 252 varieties, landraces, and breeding lines has been characterised by allelic constitution at three independent complex avenin loci. A total of 26 avenin alleles (blocks), including 7 at the Ave1 (Avn A), 10 at the Ave2 (Avn B), and 9 at the Ave3 (Avn C) loci were revealed. The avenin block variants were shown to be coded by gene clusters of 2–5 single expressed genes. A catalogue of the identified avenin blocks as well as a list of the avenin phenotypes is presented. It has been discovered that about 8% of the oat varieties were heterogeneous comprising two or three different avenin profiles. The varieties assayed have been classified into 79 avenin phenotypes made up by the different alleles. Forty-six of these phenotypes were distinguished uniquely, while the other 33 were shared by groups possessing from 2 to 41 genotypes each. Members within these groups had certain ancestors in common. Non-random patterns of both the avenin allele and phenotype distributions have been found. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.