俄罗斯“白银时代”生态文学理念对水利工程发展的借鉴探讨——评《生态水利工程学》

水利工程生态学研究,以自然生态学相关理论作为基础,对传统的规划与规划方法不断进行改进与完善,从而为水利工程生态环境的保护与修复工作提供技术理论支持。本书对水利工程生态环境的系统特征以及河湖生态环境模型相关基础理论进行阐述,并详细阐明了河湖的调查方式以及评估方法,参数内容具体包括环境流、景观分析、河道演变、生态水利学以及生态文学等,从而得出了水利工程生态修复的准则。在生态的修复领域对河流廊道自然化修复工程、湿地与湖泊的自然修复工程、河湖连通的水系工程以及隧道工程设计与规划分别进行阐述。除此之外还对水利生态的调度方法与水利生态工程进行监测与评估,结合国内外众多经典案例进行了全面系统的阐述。     

生态护岸技术在长河城市段河道治理中的应用

通过对国内河湖护岸工程技术的对比,阐述了生态护岸技术的优点,并通过沈北新区长河城市段治理工程,介绍了该项技术在长河城市段河道治理工程上的实际应用,为东北小型河流的生态治理提供了借鉴。     

广东省河湖长制工作成效与经验启示

广东省作为国内河网密度最大、水问题最复杂的地区之一,自全面推行河长制以来,积极探索了具有广东特色的河湖治理模式,成为全国3个连续两年在河湖长制方面获国务院督查激励的省份之一.本文在阐述广东省河湖治理模式和工作成效的基础上,总结了河湖长制治理理念和手段创新的工作经验,以期为我国河湖管理实施河湖长制提供借鉴.     

山东省禹城徒骇河水利风景区

景区位于山东省禹城市,依托徒骇河综合整治工程而建,景区规划面积 3. 6km2 ,其中水域面积1. 62km2 ,属于城市河湖型水利风景区.     

河南省虞城响河水利风景区

景区位于河南省商丘市虞城县,依托响河、周商运河、十字河、仓颉湖、两河口水库等水系联通工程而建,景区规划面积4.8平方公里,其中水域面积2.8平方公里,属于城市河湖型水利风景区.     

河南省许昌曹魏故都水利风景区

景区位于河南省许昌市城区,依托许昌市生态水系连通工程而建,景区规划面积105.2平方公里,其中水域面积9.6平方公里,属于城市河湖型水利风景区.@@许昌市是全国首批水生态文明建设试点城市,实施了河湖水系联通工程,建成了"五湖四海畔三川,两环一水润莲城"的全市生态水系格局,突出"三国名城、曹魏故都"的地域文化特色,通过系列文化景观和水生态环境修复措施的实施,形成了"一核两翼、六带"的滨水空间景观结构,使许昌市河畅、湖清、水净、岸绿、景美,展示了"水润莲城"城市新形象.     

基于行政与民间途径的双轨河长制构建

我国水污染事件频发,河湖功能退化等问题相继出现。为提高河湖治理效率,我国政府创新提出河长制以落实地方党政领导河湖管理保护主体责任。河长制的推行对促进河湖系统保护、改善整体水环境及保障河湖功能永续利用具有常重要意义。行政河长制自推行以来便伴随着关于其"人治化"的质疑,同时传统的行政河长制下河长所肩负的多任务委托代理关系对其治理能力提出了更高要求,民间河长制的并行可减轻行政河长原有治理负担,同时借助其天然的亲民性,民间河长制的推行可有效促进河湖治理效果的提升。因此提倡,在全面推行行政河长制的同时,应配以由社会力量组成的民间河长制,并实现民间河长制的垂直化以与行政河长制双轨并行,二者相互补充,可实现河湖治理"1+12"的效果。通过论证推行双轨河长制的必要性与可行性、明确界定行政河长与民间河长的责任分工、建立区域内部及跨区域的双重协商平台与内外部监督途径相结合的有效监督机制,构建双轨河长制以实现河湖有效治理目标。     

湖南省望城半岛水利风景区

景区位于湖南省长沙市望城区,依托城市防洪工程及斑马湖湿地公园而建,景区规划面积9.91 km2,其中水域面积3.64km2,属于城市河湖型水利风景区. 近年来,经过精心打造,建成灌溉、防洪、交通、景观等功能于一体的堤岸工程和沩水水闸工程.景区包括斑马湖生态公园、东湖、张家湖和马桥河湿地公园.     

2021年河湖管理工作要点

2021 年,河湖管理工作以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导,全面贯彻党的十九大和十九届二中、三中、四中、五中全会精神,完整、准确、全面贯彻新发展理念,深入落实"节水优先、空间均衡、系统治理、两手发力"的治水思路,贯彻落实全面推行河湖长制工作部际联席会议暨加强河湖管理保护电视电话会议精神,按照水利部党组巡视整改"...     

安徽省池州杏花村水利风景区

景区位于安徽省池州市城区,依托秋浦河、杏花联湖、谷潭湖等河湖资源而建,景区规划面积35km2,其中水域面积13.76km2,属于自然河湖型水利风景区. 景区实施了河道治理、水土保持、堤防加固、退田还湖、截污分流、联通水系等一系列生态治理工程,积极打造"两带三区"布局的生态文化旅游景区,提升了景区景观效果.景区依托杏花村、众多历史文化与人文景观,突出展示盛唐诗酒、山水农耕、传统民俗和江南村落"四大文化",打造原生态、深呼吸、慢生活的旅游目的地.     

Participatory water management at the main canal: A case from South Ferghana canal in Uzbekistan

After the independence of Central Asian countries, many international projects have been launched to promote water users’ inclusion into the water management at different levels. The aim of such projects is to achieve sustainable water management through inclusion of interests of different groups on day-to-day water management. Although IWRM in Central Asia has been already promoted for a decade, there are only a few examples of the implementation in real life situations.The Integrated Water Resources Management in Ferghana Valley (IWRM FV) is a pilot project on implementing integrated water resources management elements at the main canal levels and below. The experience gained from IWRM FV project and lessons learnt could be useful for the national and international organizations for their future work on IWRM implementation at the different regions of Central Asia.IWRM FV project has been active since 2001 in the Ferghana Valley, one of the largest irrigated areas of Central Asia. The project has promoted and implemented participatory irrigation management for three pilot canals. This paper presents the process of implementation and some preliminary outcomes of the IWRM VF project.     

水利供水工程财务评价

水利工程供的水,不但用于农业,而且逐步转向供工业和城镇人民生活用水。工程投资也是多渠道、多方面集资。水利工程的供水效益,不但计算它的社会效益,而且要进行财务评价,对于水管单位来说,这项工作更为重要。水利工程供工业和城镇生活用水,它的财务评价应如何进行,目前还没有一个完整的计算方法。本文根据《建设项目经济评价方法与参数》中的原则及水利工程特点,结合具体工程实例,提出了水利供水工程财务评价的方法和步骤。     

水资源灌溉工程规划的研究及其效益

研究平原灌区灌溉用水量最省、工程体系费用最少、提水耗能最省、渠系占地面积最小的计算模型;并以聊城地区为例,进行了效益分析     

Safe and high quality food production using low quality waters and improved irrigation systems and management: SAFIR

The present paper presents the SAFIR project (www.safir4eu.org), which addresses two fundamental problems that over the past decade increasingly have become concerns of the general public: the one problem being the jeopardizing of safety and quality of our food products, while the other being the increasing competition for clean freshwater. The SAFIR project has a multi-disciplinary approach, which integrates the European as well as the global dimension of the EU-policy on food quality and safety. The main driving force behind the project idea is new research results that demonstrated that scheduled uneven irrigation patterns can increase the water use efficiency as well as the quality of vegetable crops. Furthermore, recent innovations in the water treatment and irrigation industry have shown potential for the use of low quality water resources, such as reclaimed water or surface water in peri-urban agriculture, for irrigation of vegetable crops without threaten food safety and quality. The results of SAFIR were achieved from field experiments in Europe and China and modeling activities both at field and farm scale. The present article describes the structure of the project and highlights the main findings and recommendations of the project described in detail in already published papers and in accompanying papers in this special issue.     

节水灌溉项目综合后评价

我国节水灌溉项目后评价工作起步较晚，尤其节水灌溉综合后评价理论和方法的系统研究尚属空白。节水灌溉项目综合后评价是将所评价的节水灌溉项目，利用一定的方法，最终求出一个可用于评估比较的综合评价值。为达到此目的，该文提出了多层次多目标的指标合成法加成功度法求综合后评价，评价结果科学合理，方法简便实用。该方法反映了各节水灌溉工程的实际状况，使得节水灌溉项目综合后评价可尽快地推展开。     

闸站施工中典型工法的应用

根据海安县里下河地区闸站的更新改造状况，结合工程结构的设计特点，提出在该类工程建设过程中相关施工工法的采用；并从各工法的拟定思路、工艺流程、工艺技术优势、适用范围，以及经济效益、建设周期等方面予以分析和评估，为典型工法在该类工程建设中的推行提供依据，供闸站及类似工程建设借鉴。     

Irrigation modernization and water conservation in Spain: The case of Riegos del Alto Aragón

This study analyzes the effects of irrigation modernization on water conservation, using the Riegos del Alto Aragón (RAA) irrigation project (NE Spain, 123354 ha) as a case study. A conceptual approach, based on water accounting and water productivity, has been used. Traditional surface irrigation systems and modern sprinkler systems currently occupy 73% and 27% of the irrigated area, respectively. Virtually all the irrigated area is devoted to field crops. Nowadays, farmers are investing on irrigation modernization by switching from surface to sprinkler irrigation because of the lack of labour and the reduction of net incomes as a consequence of reduction in European subsidies, among other factors. At the RAA project, modern sprinkler systems present higher crop yields and more intense cropping patterns than traditional surface irrigation systems. Crop evapotranspiration and non-beneficial evapotranspiration (mainly wind drift and evaporation loses, WDEL) per unit area are higher in sprinkler irrigated than in surface irrigated areas. Our results indicate that irrigation modernization will increase water depletion and water use. Farmers will achieve higher productivity and better working conditions. Likewise, the expected decreases in RAA irrigation return flows will lead to improvements in the quality of the receiving water bodies. However, water productivity computed over water depletion will not vary with irrigation modernization due to the typical linear relationship between yield and evapotranspiration and to the effect of WDEL on the regional water balance. Future variations in crop and energy prices might change the conclusions on economic productivity.     

水利水电工程项目后评价探索

水利水电工程项目后评价指对已建水利水电工程项目进行总体回顾评价,具有十分重要的指导和借鉴作用.文章对水利水电工程项目后评价的涵义进行了简要的阐述,对项目后评价的方法、步骤和内容进行了简要说明,对项目后评价工作提出了具体建议.     

Irrigation evaluation based on performance analysis and water accounting at the Bear River Irrigation Project (U.S.A.)

The purpose of this work is to contribute to the development of a combined approach to evaluate irrigated areas based on: (1) irrigation performance analysis intended to assess the productive impacts of irrigation practices and infrastructures, and (2) water accounting focused on the hydrological impacts of water use. Ador-Simulation, a combined model that simulates irrigation, water delivery, and crop growth and production was applied in a surface irrigated area (1213 ha) located in the Bear River Irrigation Project, Utah, U.S.A.. A soil survey, a campaign of on-farm irrigation evaluations and an analysis of the database from the Bear River Canal Company and other resources were performed in order to obtain the data required to simulate the water flows of the study area in 2008. Net land productivity (581 US$ ha⁻¹) was 20% lower than the potential value, whereas on-farm irrigation efficiency (IE) averaged only 60%. According to the water accounting, water use amounted to 14.24 Mm³, 86% of which was consumed through evapotranspiration or otherwise non-recoverable. Gross water productivity over depleted water reached 0.132 US$ m⁻³. In addition, two strategies for increasing farm productivity were analyzed. These strategies intended to improve water management and infrastructures raised on-farm IE to 90% reducing the gap between current and potential productivities by about 50%. Water diverted to the project was reduced by 2.64 Mm³. An analysis based on IE could lead to think that this volume would be saved. However, the water accounting showed that actually only 0.91 Mm³ would be available for alternative uses. These results provide insights to support the decision-making processes of farmers, water user associations, river basin authorities and policy makers. Water accounting overcomes the limitations and hydrological misunderstandings of traditional analysis based on irrigation efficiency to assess irrigated areas in the context of water scarcity and competitive agricultural markets.     

南水北调东线工程泵站技术管理模式研究

以南水北调东线工程准市场化运作为背景 ,以合理性、经济性和可靠性为目标 ,以江苏省江水北调工程泵站技术管理为基础 ,从管理体制、运行管理、日常管理、维护检修等方面研究南水北调东线工程大型梯级泵站的技术管理模式与方法。研究结果对提高工程调水可靠性、经济性和工程的可持续发展有一定意义。