饲料添加剂预混料的配制原则

<正>在饲料生产中,根据动物种类、不同生长阶段的特点以及一些特殊需要,而将多种不同作用与用途的饲料添加剂以适当剂量通过载体进行稀释预混而制成的制剂,称为饲料添加剂预混料。饲料添加剂预混料是配合饲料的重要组成部分,也是配合饲料质量水平和技术含量的体现。而饲料添加剂预混料的配方设计是预混料质量的关键技术所在,由     

复合预混料添加剂饲喂雏鸡效果观察

为探讨复合预混料添加剂饲喂雏鸡效果,试验选用健康、体重均匀一致1日龄海兰褐商品代蛋鸡4800只,随机分为试验组和对照组,每组2400只,每组分4个重复,每重复600只鸡,分别饲喂含自主研制5%雏鸡复合预混料添加剂的试验日粮和含市售5%雏鸡复合预混料添加剂的对照日粮,饲养试验6周。试验结果表明:试验组鸡只成活率、增重、群体体重均匀度、饲料转化率等生产性能均高于对照组(P0.05),且有较好的经济效益。自主研制的雏鸡复合预混料添加剂在雏鸡生产中应用效果良好。     

中国预混料加工工艺技术的研究进展

预混料是由多种饲料添加剂与载体按一定比例配制的均匀混合物,是全价配合饲料的核心,其质量的优劣直接影响到配合饲料的质量和畜禽的生产性能.选择合适、先进的预混料加工工艺和设备可以保证预混料产品的质量,促进动物营养研究与养殖技术的进步与发展.本文就预混料加工工艺中的原料接收处理、配料、混合以及粉尘控制等方面进行综述,并对预混料加工工艺在国内的发展趋势进行展望,旨在对提高预混料生产水平和保证预混料产品质量方面提供科学依据.     

预混料生产过程中的质量监控方法

添加剂预混料作为配合饲料的核心成分,其质量的优劣直接关系到配合饲料的质量和畜禽渔的生产性能及人类的健康,是发展饲料工业和养殖业的关键技术之一。在添加剂预混料的生产中,除了对饲料和成品进行正常的检测控制外,生产过程中的监督控制是预混料质量控制中的重要环...     

生产过程中预混料质量的监控

添加剂预混料作为配合饲料的核心成分，其质量的优劣直接关系到配合饲料的质量和畜禽渔的生产性能。在添加剂预混料的生产中，除了对原料和成品进行正常的检测控制外，生产过程中的监督控制是预混料质量控制中重要的环节，而且也是实施质量保证制度的关键。我国现有添加剂...     

肉用畜禽预混料中维生素的添加量

添加剂预混料质量的好坏直接关系到配合饲料的饲喂效果和养殖业的经济效益 ,因此受到人们的普遍关注。而维生素是预混料的主要成分 ,在预混料总成本中 ,维生素成本约占 5 0 %以上。由于动物生产性能的提高 ,高产动物品种免疫力的下降 ,饲料加工贮存过程中维生素的损失 ,以及动物对维生素需要量的增加等原因 ,配合饲料中维生素的添加量呈逐步提高的趋势。但配合饲料中维生素的适宜添加量 ,目前尚无统一的标准 ,从而使饲料配方设计者感到无所适从。为探索肉用畜禽预混料及配合饲料中各种维生素的适宜添加量 ,笔者对国内添加剂预混料中维生素的…     

复合预混料生产技术要点

近年来复合预混料已由工厂内部使用的半成品迅速转变为商品性饲料 ,对我国配合饲料的普及、饲料成本的降低 ,起到了很大推动作用。复合预混料的加工 ,有其自身的特点和要求 ,现就此作一简述。1　复合预混料的生产要求复合预混料是指多种微量元素、多种维生素和 (或 )饲料药物添加剂、氨基酸等微量组分与载体或稀释剂均匀混合而成的配合饲料核心组成产品。其原料主要为饲料添加剂 ,组分极其复杂、品种多、理化性能差异大。在此基础上市场上又衍生出包含Ｃａ、Ｐ、ＮａＣｌ、动物蛋白的小比例浓缩料。1 1　配方科学　预混料是配合饲料的核心 …     

断奶仔猪用绿色添加剂预混料的研究

将 2 4头三元杂交 (杜×长×大 )断奶仔猪随机分成 2个处理组即试验组 (绿色添加剂预混料组 )和对照组 (所用添加剂预混料为市场常见的知名品牌 ) ,每个处理组设 3个重复 ,每个重复 4头(公母各半 ) ,试验期 2 0d。用以测定该种绿色添加剂预混料的饲用效果。试验结果表明 ,试验组仔猪的平均日增重和饲料利用率分别比对照提高 9 3% (P <0 0 5 )和 5 5 % (P <0 0 1) ,经济效益提高14 2 %。说明该种绿色添加剂预混料对仔猪的生产性能具有良好的促进作用。     

微生态复合预混料对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能的影响

<正>产蛋后期蛋鸡在生产实际中产蛋率下滑较快,破蛋率较高、饲料报酬降低较快。本试验观察微生态复合预混料对产蛋后期生产性能影响,以便为生产上选取合适的饲料原料和饲料添加剂改善产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能提供一些参考。1材料与方法1.1试验材料试验动物:选取333日龄罗曼粉壳产蛋鸡,共计23 613只,由攀枝花行远牧业有限公司提供。微生态复合预混料:产品名维康宝,由成都中本生物公司提供。内含枯草芽孢杆菌、低聚木糖、杜仲叶提取物和蒙脱     

微生态复合预混料对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能的改善

<正>产蛋后期蛋鸡在生产实际中常出现产蛋率下滑较快、破蛋率较高、饲料报酬降低较快等问题。本试验选用微生态复合预混料观察对产蛋后期生产性能影响,以便为生产上选取合适的饲料原料和饲料添加剂改善产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能提供一些参考。1材料与方法1.1试验材料试验动物:选取333日龄罗曼粉壳产蛋鸡,共计23 613只,由攀枝花行远牧业有限公司提供。微生态复合预混料:由成都中本生物公司提供。内含枯草芽孢杆菌、低聚木糖、杜仲叶提取     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …