美洲椴根桩萌芽促进技术的研究

对2年生引种美洲椴实生苗平茬高度及平茬后切面的不同处理对不定芽萌发及生长的影响的研究表明,平茬高度对萌条数量无显著影响,低桩平茬方式产生萌条的高生长优于高桩平茬;平茬后切面无处理苗木萌条数量多,赤霉素CA3和萘乙酸NAA抑制不定芽产生.赤霉素GA3对高生长和基径的促进效果高于萘乙酸NAA,最佳浓度为0.5mg/L.     

朱顶红愈伤组织诱导及增殖发育体系的建立及优化

以朱顶红带有小鳞茎的试管苗作为外植体,进行愈伤组织的诱导、增殖及不定芽分化研究,结果表明:诱导愈伤组织形成的最佳培养基为MS+2,4-D 2.0mg/L+6-BA1.0mg/L+KT2.0mg/L。愈伤组织增殖需要的最佳2,4-D 2.0mg/L浓度为1.0mg/L,促进不定芽分化及植株再生的6-BA浓度为0.5mg/L。     

萌条的根桩年龄对杨树扦插造林效果的影响

采用湘林—90无性系杨1~5年生根桩萌条的1年生苗扦插造林,研究萌条的根桩年龄对杨树扦插造林效果的影响。结果表明:造林时的胸径、苗高、材积在不同年龄根桩的萌条苗间均有显著差异,造林后的第1年、第4年,胸径、树高、材积在不同年龄根桩萌条苗的造林地间虽有差异,但差异均不显著。试验结果表明1~5年生根桩萌条的1年生苗都适宜扦插造林。     

外源激素对芦荟外殖体芽分化的影响

以库拉索芦荟（Aloe vera)的顶芽和腋芽为外殖体，采用ＭＳ培养基添加不同浓度激素（6-BA、KT、ZT、NAA、２,4-D、GA3)进行培养试验，探讨外源激素对芦荟外殖体芽分化的影响。结果表明：BA最有利于芦荟芽分化，其次是KT、ZT对芦荟芽分化不敏感；NAA对芽生根诱导能力较2,4-D强，生根培养以MS+NAA 0.25mg/L+AC（活性炭）0.20％为最适，生根苗根系发达且移栽成活率高；低浓度糖对分化有利，高浓度的糖对生根有利。     

邓恩桉种子组织培养的研究

以邓恩桉种子为外植体,探讨用最少种子快速繁殖最多幼苗的方法,结果表明:MS培养基是较适合邓恩桉种子萌芽和生长的基本培养基;诱导种子直接脱分化成愈伤组织的较佳培养基配方为MS KT1.0 mg/L 2,4-D2.0 mg/L 半胱氨酸30 mg/L;以邓恩桉实生苗的芽来繁芽的较理想培养基配方为H BA2.0 mg/L IAA0.2 mg/L;邓恩桉实生苗的根诱导愈伤组织的较佳培养基配方为MS 6-BA2.0 mg/L NAA0.2 mg/L;诱导邓恩桉下胚轴分化芽较佳培养基配方为B5 6-BA2.0 mg/L 2,4-D0.2 mg/L;诱导邓恩桉下胚轴脱分化为胚性愈伤组织的较佳培养基配方为B5 Ad2.0 mg/L IAA0.2 mg/L.     

杉木愈伤组织诱导及植株再生

以杉木成熟合子胚为起始外植体,研究了基本培养基、植物激素、凝固剂种类、有机附加物等因素对杉木愈伤组织的诱导、愈伤组织的继代培养及不定芽分化的影响。结果表明:1/2MS+2,4D2mg/L+6-BA1mg/L+KT1mg/L+糖30g/L是成熟合子胚诱导愈伤组织的最佳培养基;1/2MS+2,4-D1mg/L+6-BA0.5mg/L+KT0.5mg/L+糖30g/L适于杉木愈伤组织继代增殖;改良MS+6-BA0.5mg/L+KT1.5mg/L+蔗糖30g/L是诱导不定芽发生的最佳培养基。     

蓖麻离体培养体系的建立

为建立蓖麻的离体培养体系,以其无菌发芽的种子苗为材料,切取其根、茎、叶及顶芽为外植体,探讨不同诱导途径中不同生长调节剂对愈伤组织诱导、愈伤组织分化、不定芽诱导及腋芽增殖的影响。结果表明:(1)去种皮后消毒种子的萌发率最高,萌发所需时间最短,染菌率也低;筛选出种子萌发适宜培养基为MS 0;(2)器官发生型诱导途径中,诱导愈伤组织最适的培养基为MS+2,4-D 2 mg/L+6-BA 1 mg/L,其中以茎为外植体诱导率最高,可达90%,但愈伤组织的分化较困难;(3)器官型诱导途径中,叶基、叶脉处能直接诱导不定芽,最适培养基为MS+6-BA 2 mg/L+2,4-D 1 mg/L;(4)顶芽诱导腋芽增殖的效果最佳(51个芽/外植体),最适培养基为MS+6-BA 2 mg/L+TDZ 1 mg/L;(5)生根最适培养基为位1/2 MS+NAA 0.5 mg/L+IAA 0.5 mg/L。     

沟叶结缕草的组织培养和无性系的建立

通过研究不同基本培养基及植物生长调节组合对沟叶结缕草丛生芽诱导、增殖和愈伤组织诱导、分化的影响,建立起沟叶结缕草试管无性系。以地下匍匐根状茎的顶芽为外植株,在MS 6-BA 2 mg.L-1 NAA 0.1 mg.L-1培养基上诱导丛生芽形成,以MS KT 3 mg.L-1 NAA 0.1 mg.L-1作为继代增殖培养基,建立起丛生芽苗→不定芽发生→丛生芽苗速生试管无性系;以丛生芽苗基部为外植体,以MS 2.4-D 4 mg.L-1作为愈伤组织诱导培养基,以MS基本培养基作为愈伤组织分化培养基,建立起丛生苗→愈伤组织→愈伤组织分化→丛生苗试管无性系。试管无性系室外移栽成活率达95%以上。沟叶结缕草试管无性系的建立为细胞工程育种和基因转化的研究奠定了基础。     

“黄天霸”百合茎尖诱导组培快繁技术研究

以“黄天霸”百合的小球茎作为外植体,研究茎尖组培快繁技术体系,试验结果表明:外植体用6％ NaClO溶液消毒10 min+0.1％HgCl2消毒10 min交替使用效果最佳,外植体存活率达72.0％；切取茎尖培养在MS+ KT 0.4 mg/L+2,4-D 1.0 mg/L培养基上,愈伤组织诱导率可达88.3％.组织培养中细胞分裂素和生长素之间的浓度比,可以有效控制植物组织培养过程中芽和根的发生.本研究中,不定芽诱导的最佳培养基配方为MS+ KT 1.0 mg/L+IBA 0.5 mg/L,芽苗分化系数达3.44,生根培养的最佳培养基配方为:1/2 MS+ IBA 0.4 mg/L+ NAA 0.3 mg/L,生根率达96.7％.生根苗移栽后经过40 d的精心培育,成活率可达96％以上.     

驱蚊草的组织培养

取驱蚊草的顶芽、侧芽,常规灭菌后分别接种到不同培养基上进行愈伤组织和丛生芽的诱导,进一步继代培养,直至最终产生完整植株。试验结果表明：不同培养基诱导丛生芽时,添加6-BA 2.0 mg/L＋2,4-D 0.2 mg/L诱导芽数最快、最多,且苗子生长健壮;1/2MS＋IBA 0.5 mg/L＋NAA 0.5 mg/L培养基中,10 d-15 d生根,效果最好。     

马尾松扦插繁殖技术的研究

对马尾松进行扦插繁殖试验,结果表明,采取剪除1～2年生母株的全部当年生新梢促萌,主梢可提高繁殖系数20倍以上,侧枝提高4倍以上;用吲哚丁酸和自配混合促根水溶液处理插穗,可使1年生母株穗条扦插成活率由40%提高到80%以上,多年生母株穗条扦插成活率由20%提高到60%以上。并表现出明显的年龄效应。扦插苗的地径明显大于同级实生苗。其全株重量、根重和根长亦显著增大。同时受母株遗传性所制约。说明其具有较大的无性系选育潜力。     

Growth and branching habit of rooted cuttings collected from epicormic shoots of Betula pendula Roth

Patterns of shoot growth and branching were studied over two growing seasons in rooted cuttings collected from both epicormic shoots and seedlings of Betula pendula Roth. Epicormic shoots were induced to sprout on stumps and small logs of 5-, 10- and 30-year-old trees. The use of epicormic shoots enhanced the rooting capacity of stem cuttings collected from these shoots but did not appear to reverse the process of maturation. In this study, maturation was based on characteristics typical of mature trees but not necessarily those of the mother plant, because it was not possible to root cuttings, for comparison, from 5-, 10- and 30-year-old ortets, other than from epicormic shoots. There was evidence of the persistence of mature characteristics through an increase in shoot plagiotropism with increasing ortet age. Rooted cuttings from both seedlings and epicormic shoots, however, assumed an increasingly orthotropic habit with a smaller shoot angle at the end of the first growing season than at the beginning and this continued into the second growing season. Other indications of maturation, such as delayed bud flushing and the incidence of flowering with increasing ortet age, were also evident in rooted cuttings from epicormic shoots. There was a clear difference in branching habit depending on cutting source. Rooted cuttings derived from epicormic shoots produced nearly twice as many lateral branches compared with rooted cuttings collected from seedlings, but this was not an effect of maturation. There was some evidence that rooted cuttings derived from seedlings grew taller than rooted cuttings from epicormic shoots.     

大规模生产杉木改良苗木的方法

1986年李明鹤把林木改良区分为个体改良与群体改良,并在此基础上提出了采用无性系选择法,分两步迅速实现杉木良种化的方案。从1986年起,经三年的实验,现已完成了第一步,并研究出了建立采穗圃的新技术,它有助于使我国杉木造林迅速实现良种化。现将研究的结果报道如下。     

Eight hundred years of clonal forestry in China: II. mass production of rooted cuttings of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.)

Since 1986 a novel type of shoot orchard has been under development. Lower portions of the donor stems are buried horizontally in the soil and cuttings are taken from shoots that arise from them. This process apparently rejuvenates, so that mature trees of various ages can be propagated vegetatively. Seedlings of superior provenances, open-pollinated, and control-pollinated families, stump sprouts and upper branches of plus trees were used to establish the orchard, which contains about 40,000 donors and occupies 1.3 ha. Cuttings produced in this orchard can be rooted to about 85% success without hormones or shading. This shoot orchard provides more planting stock, and provides it five to six years earlier, than a seed orchard. The height and root-collar diameter of the rooted cuttings are greater than those of seedlings at outplant, and production costs are 15–20% lower than those associated with seedling production. Test plantations demonstrated that four-year height and diameter of cuttings and genetically similar seedlings are equivalent. This paper reports the details of this orchard, and summarizes other work on propagation and storage of Chinese fir cuttings.     

Vegetative propagation of Inga feuillei from shoot cuttings and air layering

Cuttage and air layering were evaluated as means of vegetative propagation of the tropical woody tree, Inga feuillei. Effects of moisture management systems, leafiness, auxin application, and stem diameter on rooting of semihardwood cuttings were investigated. Cuttings were taken from 2-year-old seed-propagated, greenhouse-grown stock plants. Compound leaves were either reduced in area or removed entirely before auxin pretreatment with 0, 0.3, or 0.8% indolebutyric acid (IBA) followed by sticking under mist or in a polyethylene enclosure. Leafless cuttings did not root regardless of moisture management system or auxin pretreatment, whereas 55% rooting of leafy cuttings was observed. Leafy cuttings rooted significantly better under mist than in a polyethylene enclosure. Auxin treatment at the higher level increased rooting percentage approximately two fold for larger diameter cuttings (8.1 to 20 mm), but had no effect on the smaller cuttings (2 to 8 mm), and resulted in an approximately three fold increase in the number of roots/rooted cutting for both stem diameter classes. Auxin treatment did not affect rooting percentage of leafy softwood cuttings under fog, however it did increase the number of roots per rooted cutting. One hundred percent of air layered shoots rooted within 5 weeks with or without auxin pretreatment, and all rooted layers survived transplanting to soil. Possible implications of this research on agroforestry, selection, genetic improvement, and conservation are discussed.     

Inducing long-shoot growth for vegetative propagation of western larch

This study evaluated methods to release from suppression both short shoots on lower stems and developing buds on leaders of western larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.) seedlings, in order to increase the number of long shoots suitable for stem-tip cuttings. Treatments included application of the cytokinin N-6-benzyladenine (BA), horizontal stem bending, and decapitation on container-grown 1.5-year-old seedling ortets. The rate of release of suppressed growth of short shoots on the basal stem segments increased from 15% to 83% after spraying with 200 ppm BA and doubled on unsprayed horizontally-bent stems. Syllepsis on the upper stems increased by 19% following decapitation and by 32% after a combination of decapitation and BA treatments. Although these treatments resulted in large increases in the numbers of long shoots available for stem cuttings, the rootability of BA-treated shoots needs assessing before use in operational programs.     

Survival and juvenile growth of Populus ‘Rasumowskiana’ cuttings from different stem and branch positions

The influence of ortet position on rooting and sprout growth of Populus Rasumowskiana cuttings was studied in the nursery over a period of two years using cuttings from 1-year-old stem shoots and side branches. Apical parts of the plants were not included in the material used in this trial. For branch cuttings, survival decreased with location of the cutting from base to apex; and for stem cuttings, height growth decreased from base to apex. In neigther was the trend significant. As a rule, branch cuttings rooted and grew better than stem cuttings, although the stem cuttings were thicker.     

北美红杉扦插育苗试验初报

为获取北美红杉大量的扦插苗木,通过不同扦插条来源、不同育苗基质、不同生长激素及不同生长激素浓度处理插条4因素3水平的正交试验,研究不同处理其对扦插苗生根率、根长、根数的影响.试验结果表明影响北美红杉插条生根的主要因素是扦插条,选用母树年龄小的枝条或采用树根基部1年生半木质化萌生条,用作扦插条的生根性能较好.以树根基部1年生半木质化萌生条用插条、蛭石作育苗基质、用200mg/L的ABT1号生根粉浸泡插条6h处理组合为最佳组合.     

Softwood cuttings for propagation of red alder

Tests were conducted to assess rootability of red alder softwood cuttings from shoots of young trees and epicormic sprouts of mature individuals. Ortets were 3 to 34 years old, and treatments with and without indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) were compared. The extent of rooting and root vigor on the cuttings varied greatly among ortets and treatments. Among nonterminal cuttings, the best overall rooting success, with and without IBA, was obtained with cuttings of the youngest ortet. Average rooting of terminal and nonterminal cuttings of one clone were 100% and 64%, respectively. Although cuttings of some trees rooted well without IBA, the IBA treatment appeared to be generally beneficial. For all nonterminal cuttings of all clones, best results (80.0%/x) were obtained with a 10-sec dip in 2,000 or 4,000 ppm IBA. Vigorous planting stock was obtained from the rooted cuttings of all clones. Using epicormic sprouts from mature trees of proven performance will presumably allow propagation of superior trees and establishment of new plantations with improved stock.     

Influence of nitrogen,photoperiod, cutting type,and clone on root and shoot development of rooted stem cuttings of sweetgum

This study was designed to test the effects of nitrogen fertilization, photoperiod, cutting type, and clone on root and shoot development of stem cuttings of sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua). Differences in the growth of roots and shoots were observed as a result of weekly applications of varying levels of nitrogen (N) fertilization (0, 25, 50, 100, or 200 mg N/liter). As the concentration of N increased, new-shoot dry weight increased, but root dry weight decreased at rates greater than 50 mg N/liter. The percentage of rooted cuttings surviving also decreased as N concentrations increased past 50 mg N/liter. A night-interruption light treatment did not significantly affect survival percentages or the amount of root and shoot growth. Across all treatments, only 46% of all cuttings produced new-shoot growth within a 15-week period following rooting. Cutting type (terminal or sub-terminal) affected rooted cutting development. A higher percentage of terminal cuttings survived and were deemed plantable. In contrast, sub-terminal cuttings produced more shoot and root growth. Differences among clones were observed for all traits measured.Manipulating N fertilization, in conjunction with using clones that propagate well, has the potential of producing rooted cuttings of a size adequate for plantation establishment. However, higher percentages of cuttings that produce new shoot growth shortly after rooting must be achieved.