国家标准《鱼粉》(GB/T19614—2003)实施指南

国家标准《鱼粉》(GB/T19164—2003)已于2003年6月4日发布,2003年12月1日实施。原鱼粉行业标准SC3501—1996同时作废。该标准由国家水产品质量监督检验中心负责起草。结合当前国内外先进的鱼粉生产情况和相关标准,起草单位对原鱼粉标准的技术内容作了较大的修改,使之更加全面反     

饲料标准中存在问题及修改建议

1 现行卫生和产品标准 1.1 饲料卫生标准(GB13078-91) 1.1.1 卫生标准中缺饲料和饲料原料(如肉粉)中铬限量标准。市场上相当数量的肉粉,是由制革下脚料加工而成的,铬含量很高,有些高达1％,对畜禽危害很大。我国食品卫生标准铬限量为≤0.3～2mg/kg,鱼粉标准(SC/T 3501-1996)铬限量为10mg/kg。根据我国现状,建议将配合饲料铬限量定为≤30mg/kg。同时制定无机铬的测定方法标准。 1.1.2 霉菌总数只有4种饲料原料的限量,细菌总数只有鱼粉限量,无大肠菌群指标,远远不能满足市场对产品卫生指标的要求。建议增加配合料、浓缩料及肉粉中霉菌、细菌、大肠菌群限量指标。     

鱼粉掺杂的检测

鱼粉的蛋白质含量较高,是饲养业最主要的动物蛋白源,也是饲料生产中常用的蛋白质原料。1996年国家颁布了饲料用鱼粉国家标准SC／TI5OI－1996o标准规定了感官指标及粗蛋白、粗脂肪、水份、灰份、含砂量等理化指标。同时,标准还明确规定鱼粉中不允许掺杂非鱼粉原料的含氮物质,诸如植物油饼粕、皮革粉、羽毛粉、血粉、尿素等。近年来,随着鱼粉货源紧缺,价格上涨,一些不法厂商为牟取暴利便想方设法往鱼粉中掺杂使假。从对市场上鱼粉掺假情况调查看,主要表现为：一是掺入含氮物质,提高粗蛋白测出值;二是掺入非鱼粉原料物质,以调整…     

两种评价鱼粉蛋白质品质的测定方法

纯鱼粉的粗蛋白质中95%以上是纯蛋白,由于存放变质、掺入非蛋白质氮化合物等因素,会使其纯蛋白质含量显著下降,从而影响到家禽对鱼粉的消化率。虽然国标采用SC118—83标准对鱼粉的营养成分指标作了规定,但对判断鱼粉中蛋白质可消化性和纯蛋白含量,还没有法定的检验方法,这给加强鱼粉质量监督管理带来一定的困难。因此,为了确定鱼粉的质量,应检测鱼粉的纯蛋白和消化率两项指标。我们在粗蛋白质测定的基础上,反复多次地对这两项指标的测定进行摸索,现已制订出一个可供实际生产应用的测定方法。     

鱼粉中酸价测定方法的研究

目前测定鱼粉中的酸价,都采用行业标准ＳＣ/Ｔ3501-1996附录Ｃ中的方法。由于鱼粉一般是鱼是鱼鱼粉,用中性乙醚-乙醇混合液提取后的油脂颜色较深,采用酚酞作指示剂,在滴定过程中由于颜色干扰,终点变化不明显,测定结果偏差较大,影响数据的准确性。笔者经过研究,认为采用百里酚蓝指示剂或者酚酞与百里酚蓝的混合指示剂来代替酚酞,同时采用乙醚与无水乙醇混合溶剂,能够解决测定中出现的问题,实际测定效果较好。1　材料和方法11　鱼粉样品　山东荣成寻山水产集团总公司提供的鱼是鱼粉,山东荣成海洋渔业公司鱼粉冷藏厂提供的鱼是鱼粉,山东寿光渔…     

饲料中水溶性氯化物的微型滴定法测定

饲料中水溶性氯化物的测定犤1犦,是饲料分析中的一项重要指标。其经典的测定方法是银量法中的佛尔哈特法犤2犦。此方法以硝酸银为主要试剂,消耗量大,成本较高。本法采用微型滴定法代替常规滴定法犤3犦,由于微型滴定管滴头细小,消耗试剂量少,滴定误差小,准确度高,符合饲料分析的     

饲料药物添加剂使用规范（续）

(上接《内蒙古畜牧科学》2003年第2期第63页)磷酸泰乐菌素预混剂TylosinPhosphatePremix犤有效成分犦磷酸泰乐菌素犤含量规格犦每1000g中含泰乐菌素20g或88g或100g或220g。犤适用动物犦猪、鸡犤作用与用途犦主用于畜禽细菌及支原体感染。犤用法与用量犦混饲。每1000kg饲料添加,猪10～100g,鸡4～50g。以上均以有效成分计,连用5～7天。犤注意犦休药期5天。注:摘自《进口兽药质量标准》(1999年版)和《兽药质量标准》(第二册)。硫酸安普霉素预混剂ApramycinSulfatePremix犤有效成分犦硫酸安普霉素犤含量规格犦每1000g中含安普霉素20g或30g或1…     

饲料药物添加剂使用规范（续）

(上接2002年第6期第45页)盐酸氨丙啉、乙氧酰胺苯甲酯、磺胺喹口恶啉预混剂AmproliumHydrochloride,EthopabateandSulfaquinoxalinePremix犤有效成分犦盐酸氨丙啉、乙氧酰胺苯甲酯和磺胺喹口恶啉犤含量规格犦每1000g中含盐酸氨丙啉200g、乙氧酰胺苯甲酯10g和磺胺喹口恶啉120g。犤适用动物犦家禽犤作用与用途犦用于禽球虫病。犤用法与用量犦混饲。每1000kg饲料添加本品500g。犤注意犦蛋鸡产蛋期禁用;每1000kg中维生素B1大于10g时明显拮抗;休药期7天。犤商品名称犦百球清注:同“盐酸氨丙啉和乙氧酰胺苯甲酯预混剂”。氯羟吡啶预混剂Clopido…     

信息广场

<正> 进出口鲜冻禽产品执行新的国标近日,国家质量监督检验检疫总局和卫生部联合发布通知:进出口鲜、冻禽产品执行新的国家标准——GB16869-2000《鲜、冻禽产品》。该标准适用于健康活禽经屠宰加工后的鲜、冻禽产品,凡国内生产或从国外进口的鲜、冻禽产品,其技术要求、检验方法、标志、包装、贮存必须符合该标准。同时废止GB2710-1996《鲜(冻)禽卫生标准》和GB/T16869-1997《分割鲜(冻)鸡肉》等两个国家标准。该标准是GB2710-1996《鲜(冻)禽卫生标准》和GB/T16869-1997《分割鲜(冻)鸡肉》两个标准的合并、修订版。其主要技术差异在于以下三个方面:1.GB/T16869-1997中的感官要求和理化指标分为一级、二级;修订后不分等级。2.挥发性盐基氮统一调整为不超过20mg/100g。3.增加了GB2710-1996和GB/T16869-1997两个国标中未规定的盐酸克伦特罗、土霉素、金霉素和微生物(菌落总数、大肠菌群、沙门氏菌、致泻大肠埃希氏菌)等19项限量标准。     

饲用油脂酸价测定方法的探讨

以SC/T3501—1996附录C中的方法作对照,用百里酚蓝作指示剂、中性异丙醇作溶剂,研究指示剂种类与溶剂类型对饲用油脂酸价测定结果的影响。结果表明:对液体油脂来说,用百里酚蓝作指示剂、中性异丙醇作溶剂测定酸价结果与对照组、试验Ⅰ组间均差异不显著(P>0.05);而猪油、固体油脂试验Ⅱ组均有极显著(P<0.01)差异。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。