茭白田套养中华鳖控制福寿螺效果试验及套养技术研究

福寿螺发生危害蔓延迅速,已成为余姚市水生蔬菜茭白的主要有害生物之一。通过福寿螺防治技术探索与茭白田套养中华鳖防治福寿螺的试验与示范,明确了茭白田套养中华鳖控制福寿螺的作用与良好效果,并提出了茭白田套养中华鳖防治福寿螺的技术要点。     

稻田福寿螺的发生规律及其防治方法

福寿螺是我国及其他亚洲国家危害水稻及其他水生植物的恶性水生动物,目前已在苏南地区迅速蔓延。为提高福寿螺的防治水平,介绍了福寿螺的形态特征及其发生规律,如福寿螺以成螺越冬、在苏南地区一年繁殖一代,福寿螺主要危害水稻、茭白、菱角、空心菜等水生植物以及水域附近的旱生植物等;并从农业防治、物理防治、生物防治、化学防治等方面总结了福寿螺的主要防治方法。     

福寿螺综合防治研究进展

福寿螺作为入侵生物,已经在农业生产、生态环境和寄生虫病传播等方面产生了一系列的影响.近些年来,随着福寿螺危害的区域越来越广,危害的作物种类不断增加,造成了世界范围内难以估量的损失.目前对于福寿螺的防治仍集中于单一的物理防治、农业防治、化学药剂防治等,还未形成一套行之有效的福寿螺综合控防技术.综述了近些年来,福寿螺的危害性及其综合防治的研究进展,同时简要的分析了在福寿螺的防治过程中存在的一些问题和当前研究的热点.     

稻田福寿螺的发生及防治

福寿螺是水稻安全生产的一大隐患。介绍了稻田福寿螺的形态特征和生活习性,并提出了具体的防治措施,以期指导稻田福寿螺的防治。     

福寿螺在海南的入侵现状与防控措施调查

福寿螺为世界100种恶性外来入侵物种之一。笔者调查了福寿螺在海南的入侵方式、现状、特点,以及目前采取的防控措施,并提出了海南省防治福寿螺的建议:组建风险评估、早期预警监测和风险评估体系,加强综合治理研究,形成一套可持续的农业防治、物理防治和化学防治等多层次综合技术体系,控制福寿螺的漫延。     

广西桂林:防控危害外来物种福寿螺有“诀窍”

正针对已有福寿螺防治手段存在的问题,广西桂林地区进行了福寿螺资源化利用的探索。在福寿螺防治过程中,不仅仅是将其灭除,而是结合了生物防治、物理防治和化学防治的方法,对福寿螺进行加工利用,形成了福寿螺产业链。福寿螺(Pomacea Canaliculata Lamarck),又名大瓶螺、苹果螺,原产于南美洲亚马逊河流域,因其蛋白质含量丰富、营养成分高,20世纪80年代被作为一种水生经济动物引入我国南方。后因过度盲目引种养殖、腥味太浓、口味欠佳、市场销售状况差等原因而遭到     

中国长江下游地区福寿螺分布现状考察

对中国长江下游地区福寿螺(Pomacea canaliculata)的分布现状进行了考察,并对其分布特点、传播途径及防治策略进行了探讨。结果表明,长江下游地区安徽、江西、江苏、浙江及上海四省一市均有福寿螺分布,局部地区发生严重,水沟、水生植物种植地块、河流、湖泊已成为福寿螺的重要入侵场所;福寿螺以人为引种、水生植物引种带入和自然扩散等3种途径入侵长江下游地区,其中,水生植物带入已成为近年来重要的入侵方式。介绍了福寿螺主要防治策略,提出应加强水生植物引种检疫,防止福寿螺伴随传播,并加强福寿螺综合防治技术的研究。     

警惕福寿螺对成都平原水稻生产的危害

笔者近期在成都平原的广汉、新都、新津、蒲江、彭州等地看到,沟渠路边很多的福寿螺卵块,目前正是福寿螺产卵孵化的高峰时期,各地农业植保部门应警惕福寿螺的危害,抓住有利时机,抓好福寿螺防治。笔者特收集有关福寿螺的防治方法供各地参考。一、福寿螺的生物学特性福寿螺,瓶螺科瓶螺属软体动物,原产于南美洲亚马逊河流域。1981年作为食用螺引入中国,其肉质细嫩鲜美,含有丰富的蛋白质、胡萝卜素、多种维生素和矿物质,是餐桌上的佳肴,由于     

50%四聚可湿性粉剂防治稻田福寿螺药效试验

50%四聚可湿性粉剂是防治稻田福寿螺的新型杀螺剂。2005年进行了50%四聚可湿性粉剂防治稻田福寿螺药效试验,结果表明,50%四聚可湿性粉剂防治稻田福寿螺具有较好的防治效果,其杀螺效果和保苗效果与目前推广的6%密达颗粒剂效果相当,能迅速压低稻田福寿螺密度,在田间使用推荐使用量为每667 m2施用50~100 g。     

新宁县福寿螺监测预警与防治

2016年新宁县通过建设外来物种监测预警体系,加强对福寿螺发生区及潜在发生区的日常监管。在福寿螺发生严重区设立重点监测点3个,分别为金石镇原飞仙桥乡片区的戴家村、杨柳村和夏家村。及时掌握福寿螺入侵现状及发生趋势,科学建立农业防治、生物防治、化学防治三位一体的立体防治体系。充分利用本地天敌资源,阻断福寿螺主要传播途径,努力减少福寿螺群体基数,较好地抑制了福寿螺的发生及传播。调查结果表明,新宁县福寿螺平均密度5月为27.2只/m~2,10月为20.9只/m~2,比5月平均减少了6.3只/hm~2,下降了23.2%,总量呈下降趋势。     

Amazonia through time: Andean uplift, climate change, landscape evolution, and biodiversity

The Amazonian rainforest is arguably the most species-rich terrestrial ecosystem in the world, yet the timing of the origin and evolutionary causes of this diversity are a matter of debate. We review the geologic and phylogenetic evidence from Amazonia and compare it with uplift records from the Andes. This uplift and its effect on regional climate fundamentally changed the Amazonian landscape by reconfiguring drainage patterns and creating a vast influx of sediments into the basin. On this "Andean" substrate, a region-wide edaphic mosaic developed that became extremely rich in species, particularly in Western Amazonia. We show that Andean uplift was crucial for the evolution of Amazonian landscapes and ecosystems, and that current biodiversity patterns are rooted deep in the pre-Quaternary.     

Protein deficiency and tribal warfare in Amazonia: new data

Increasing numbers of anthropological studies about native Amazonian warfare and demographic practices attempt to explain these phenomena as competition over or a response to scarce game animals and other sources of high-quality protein. Recently completed field research among the Yanomam? Indians living at the Venezuela-Brazil border indicates that their protein intake is comparable to that found in highly developed industrialized nations and as much as 200 percent more than many nutritional authorities recommend as daily allowances. Recent data on other Amazonian tribes likewise fails to indicate a correlation between protein intake and intensity of warfare patterns.     

pH值对田螺生存和生长的影响

进行了不同pH值对田螺生存和生长影响的研究。结果表明:田螺正常生活适宜的水体pH值为5.5~7.5,最适pH值为6.0~7.0。pH值为6.5处理的生长率最高,pH值升高或下降,其生长率均下降,且存活率也下降。     

Deforestation and increased flooding of the upper Amazon

The height of the annual flood crest of the Amazon at Iquitos has increased markedly in the last decade. During this same period, there has been greatly increased deforestation in the upper parts of the Amazon watershed in Peru and Ecuador, but no significant changes in regional patterns of precipitation. The change in Amazonian water balance during the last decade appears to be the result of increased runoff due to deforestation. If so, the long-predicted regional climatic and hydrological changes that would be the expected result of Amazonian deforestation may already be beginning.     

Dissecting amazonian biodiversity

Biogeographical and biodiversity studies in Iowland Amazonian rain forests typically refer to observed or postulated distribution barriers such as past unfavorable climates, mountains, rivers, and river floodplains that divide the uniform tierra firme (noninundated) forest. Present-day ecological heterogeneity within tierra firme has hardly been discussed in this context, although edaphic differences are known to affect species distribution patterns in both inundated areas and tierra firme. Quantification of landscape heterogeneity in Peruvian Iowland Amazonia (500,000 kilometers squared), based on field studies and satellite image analysis, shows that Peruvian Amazonia is considerably more heterogeneous than previously reported. These observations have implications for the research, management, and conservation of Amazonian biodiversity.     

南京蔬菜地蜗牛的发生和防治

蜗牛为间隙性暴发、杂食性软体动物，同型巴蜗牛在南京1年发生1代，2次危害高峰：6～7月；9～10月。春季取食茄果类、瓜类嫩叶，夏秋季取食十字花科蔬菜。转移到沟边时，以取食杂草为生。蜗牛发生和危害轻重受温湿度、食料等环境因素影响很大，高峰期虫口密度可达43．2头／m2，1棵大白菜上最多有45头，受害严重的蔬菜不能上市。防治以综合防治为好。衣业防治措施是清沟铲草、清洁田园；药剂防治可用6％密达颗粒剂，2％灭旱螺颗粒剂和8％灭蜗灵颗粒剂等。     

Game depletion hypothesis of amazonian adaptation: data from a native community

The low population densities and impermanent settlements of Amazonian Indians are often interpreted as adaptations to a fauna that offers limited protein resources and is rapidly depleted by hunting. Data spanning the 10-year life cycle of one northwestern Amazonian settlement show that variations in hunt yields result from temporal variations in peccary (Tayassu pecari and T. tajacu) kills that appear extrinsic to native population size. After 10 years, hunting success remained high and the kill rates for most prey did not suggest depletion. An array of environmental factors accounts for the incipient settlement relocation observed.     

Millennial-scale dynamics of southern Amazonian rain forests

Amazonian rain forest-savanna boundaries are highly sensitive to climatic change and may also play an important role in rain forest speciation. However, their dynamics over millennial time scales are poorly understood. Here, we present late Quaternary pollen records from the southern margin of Amazonia, which show that the humid evergreen rain forests of eastern Bolivia have been expanding southward over the past 3000 years and that their present-day limit represents the southernmost extent of Amazonian rain forest over at least the past 50,000 years. This rain forest expansion is attributed to increased seasonal latitudinal migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone, which can in turn be explained by Milankovitch astronomic forcing.     

Climate change, deforestation, and the fate of the Amazon

The forest biome of Amazonia is one of Earth's greatest biological treasures and a major component of the Earth system. This century, it faces the dual threats of deforestation and stress from climate change. Here, we summarize some of the latest findings and thinking on these threats, explore the consequences for the forest ecosystem and its human residents, and outline options for the future of Amazonia. We also discuss the implications of new proposals to finance preservation of Amazonian forests.     

Exact and approximate arithmetic in an Amazonian indigene group

Is calculation possible without language? Or is the human ability for arithmetic dependent on the language faculty? To clarify the relation between language and arithmetic, we studied numerical cognition in speakers of Mundurukú, an Amazonian language with a very small lexicon of number words. Although the Mundurukú lack words for numbers beyond 5, they are able to compare and add large approximate numbers that are far beyond their naming range. However, they fail in exact arithmetic with numbers larger than 4 or 5. Our results imply a distinction between a nonverbal system of number approximation and a language-based counting system for exact number and arithmetic.