一株H5N1亚型高致病力禽流感病毒人工感染鸭的18项血液生化指标测定

鸭接种高致病力禽流感病毒A/duck/Guangdong/220/2004（H5N1）后,血清中的丙氨酸氨基转移酶（谷丙转氨酶）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（谷草转氨酶）、γ-谷氨酰基转移酶、肌酸激酶和乳酸脱氢酶明显升高;碱性磷酸酶明显下降;α-淀粉酶先升高后下降;总蛋白、球蛋白、尿素氮、胆固醇、钙和磷轻微升高;白蛋白、肌酐、葡萄糖、甘油三酯和尿酸轻微下降。作者认为,检查这些血液生化指标的变化,对于诊断禽流感具有一定意义。     

活体拔毛对鹅生理生化指标影响的探讨

测定拔毛前后活鹅的２０项血液生理生化指标，结果表明，活体拔毛对鹅白细胞数，血清钙磷、血糖和血液尿素氮没有影响，对红细胞总数，血红蛋白，血清总蛋白，白蛋白，球蛋白和血清乳酸脱氢酶、γ－谷氨酰转移酶、三梨醇脱氢酸，碱性磷酸酶，谷丙转氨酶，谷草转氨酶和淀粉酶，在拔毛后２４小时内有着显著或极显著的影响，但随时间而逐步消失。     

真鲷血液生理生化指标的研究

通过对真鲷血液的红细胞数、白细胞数、血红蛋白含量、血清酸性磷酸酶活力、血清碱性磷酸酶活力、血清乳酸脱氢酶活力,以及血清白蛋白、血清总蛋白、血清总胆固醇、血清甘油三酯含量进行测定。其结果经统计学分析表明,真鲷血液的红细胞数为（223.25±14.89）万个/mm^3,白细胞数为（4.55±0.60）万个/mm^3,血红蛋白含量为（65.75±6.85）g/L,血清酸性磷酸酶活力为（2.58±0.45）U/L,血清碱性磷酸酶活力为（42.97±4.17）U/L,血清乳酸脱氢酶活力为（205.28±14.82）U/L,血清白蛋白含量为（31.73±3.53）g/L,血清总蛋白含量为（63.10±3.74）g/L,血清总胆固醇含量为（4.11±0.57）mmol/L,血清甘油三酯含量为（1.10±0.22）mmol/L。     

新城疫病毒感染对鸡血清生化指标的影响

用标准的新城疫病毒毒株对鸡进行攻毒,然后检测其血清生化指标的变化情况,并与对照组进行比较。结果表明:攻毒组鸡血清中的谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、乳酸脱氢酶升高,白蛋白、γ-谷氨酰转移酶降低,与对照组相比差异显著;总胆红素、甘油三酯、胆固醇、钙、碱性磷酸酶均降低,且差异极显著。其余指标变化不明显。     

河南奶山羊血液生化特性

分析了在特定饲养管理条件下河南奶山羊血液生化指标,探讨其变化规律及影响因素。选用28只河南奶山羊,按性别、年龄、生理状况等进行分组,即青年母羊组、青年公羊组、妊娠母羊组和哺乳母羊组。各组饲养管理情况完全相同,颈静脉采血用于测定16项血液生化指标。结果表明:河南奶山羊青年公、母羊血液谷丙转氨酶值较高,谷草转氨酶以青年母羊为最高,青年母羊组和妊娠母羊组碱性磷酸酶值较高。总蛋白含量以公羊为最高,球蛋白含量以公羊组为最高,母羊组最低。前白蛋白含量公羊显著高于其他3组测试羊。肌酐含量以妊娠母羊血液里含量最高。钙含量以公羊为最高,其次为青年母羊、妊娠母羊和哺乳期母羊。磷含量以公羊为最低。乳酸脱氢酶、胆固醇、葡萄糖、白蛋白、镁、钾、钠和氯等指标在各类羊的血液中测定值差异均不显著(P>0.05)。结果提示,河南奶山羊血液乳酸脱氢酶、总胆固醇、白蛋白、镁、钠、钾、氯等部分指标在不同性别、不同生理状况下有相对的稳定性;碱性磷酸酶、白蛋白、葡萄糖、肌酐、前白蛋白等部分指标在各类羊之间存在差异,可能与饲养管理条件、营养状况和生理状态有关。     

贵州黑山羊母羊血液生化指标测定分析

试验测定了5月龄、8月龄、1岁、2岁、3岁黑山羊(母羊)血液20项生化指标.结果表明:甘油三酯含量随黑山羊年龄的增长呈下降趋势,球蛋白含量为2岁黑山羊最高,极显著(P<0.01)高于 5月和8月龄的含量,显著(P<0.05) 高于1岁的含量.总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白、总蛋白、白蛋白、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶、乳酸脱氢酶、肌酸激酶、肌酸激酶同工酶、α-羟丁酸脱氢酶和钾等12项指标在各年龄段间不具有统计学意义,各年龄段与总平均值相比没有差异性.贵州黑山羊母羊在各年龄段大部分血液生化指标具有相对稳定性,这一结果能为黑山羊选育、疾病诊断、治疗和饲养管理提供参考.结果也表明贵州黑山羊具有较好的抗病及抗应激能力.     

昆山麻鸭不同生长阶段血液生化指标分析

为了更好地保护和利用昆山麻鸭遗传资源,以昆山麻鸭原种场保种群为素材,对育成期、产蛋初期、产蛋高峰期和产蛋末期4个生长阶段的昆山麻鸭血液生化指标进行了测定。结果显示:昆山麻鸭血液中总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、谷丙转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶、乳酸脱氢酶、胆碱酯酶、磷酸肌酸激酶、葡萄糖、钙、磷、甘油三酯和总胆固醇的含量在不同生长阶段均存在显著性差异(P0.05),其中总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、谷丙转氨酶、钙、磷、甘油三酯和总胆固醇的含量都具有先升高后降低的趋势,且总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、钙和甘油三酯在高峰期的含量均显著高于其他生长阶段(P0.05)。     

京白蛋鸡耐热力评定指标的研究

本试验研究了高温对鸡血清血糖（ＧＬＵ）、胆固醇（ＣＨＯＬ）、总蛋白（ＴＰ）、清蛋白（ＡＬＢ）、球蛋白（ＧＬＯＢ）、碱性磷酸酶（ＡＬＰ）,谷丙转氨酶（ＧＰＴ）、谷草转氨酶（ＧＯＴ）,肌酸磷酸激酶（ＣＰＫ）,乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）、和血浆三磺甲腺原氨酸（Ｔ３）等１１项血液生理生化指标的影响,分析了耐热力（ＨＳＳＴ）与耐热指数（ＩＨＴ）及１１项血液生理生化指标的相关,探讨了以上指标作为耐热指标的可能性,结     

无角道赛特羊与苏尼特羊、乌珠穆沁羊血液生化指标的比较研究

为探讨引进的无角道赛特羊与当地的苏尼特羊、乌珠穆沁羊之间适应性和抗病性的差异,试验选取相同饲养管理条件下体况相近的3个品种成年羊各30只,采用可见光分光光度法测定血清总蛋白、白蛋白、血糖、尿素氮、谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶的含量.结果表明:无角道赛特羊血清总蛋白、谷草转氨酶与乌殊穆沁羊差异极显著(P＜O.01)...     

日粮中添加不同抗氧化剂对奶牛血液生化指标的影响

选用２０头荷斯坦干乳母牛，随机分为４个组，研究日粮中添加二氢吡啶和维生素Ｅ对奶牛血液中一些主要生化指标的影响。结果表明，日粮中添加二氢吡啶、维生素Ｅ或两者同时添加，能使产后母牛血清中谷草转氨酶（ＧＯＴ）活性显著降低而碱性磷酸酶（ＡＫＰ）活性显著提高，谷丙转氨酶（ＧＰＴ）活性和血糖浓度有所升高，而血清总蛋白浓度有所下降，对乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）、血总脂和血钙含量无明显影响     

鸡阿奇霉素中毒的病理学和血液生物化学研究

以大发乌骨鸡为研究对象,用1/5LD50固定剂量连续染毒,进行阿奇霉素的蓄积毒性实验.试验结果显示阿奇霉素的蓄积系数为2.79,蓄积作用分级为明显蓄积.中毒雏鸡临床症状表现为精神萎靡,呼吸困难,食欲减退.尸体剖检主要见肝脏肿大,呈黄色,胆囊肿大,胆汁淤滞;肠系膜点状出血.组织学变化以肝脏、肾脏、肠黏膜等组织器官的实质性细胞变性甚至坏死为特征.血液学变化主要是血清总蛋白、白蛋白含量和A/G值降低;球蛋白含量、总胆固醇含量、丙氨酸氨基转移酶活性、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶活性、乳酸脱氢酶活性、碱性磷酸酶活性以及血糖含量增高.     

Changes in the profile of liver enzymes in newborn calves induced by experimental,subclinical acidosis in pregnant cows and osmotic diarrhoea

Experimental, subclinical acidosis was induced by oral administration of sacharose during the last 2 months of pregnancy in 15 cows. Seven cows and their newborn calves were used as a control group. The liver enzyme activities in the serum and the blood acid-base status were determined in the 15 calves from the cows in the experimental group. Mannitol was administered orally to 8 calves from the experimental group to induce osmotic diarrhoea. It was concluded that subclinical acidosis in pregnant cows alters the biochemical liver profile of their newborn calves, affecting the aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, beta glucuronidase, glutamate dehydrogenase and bilirubin activities in the serum, which are associated with oedematous changes to the hepatocytes. Diarrhoea was accompanied by an increase in the alkaline phosphatase and gammaglutamyl transferase activities and a decrease in the total protein concentration in the serum. These changes were apparently related to the numerous necrotic foci in the liver and the proliferation of the Kuppfer cells. It would appear from these results that the liver damage in the newborn calves was associated with the subclinical, metabolic acidosis in their dams and that osmotic diarrhoea occurring in the neonatal period additionally impaired the liver function.Abbreviations ALP alkaline phosphatase - ALT alanine transaminase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - GR betaglucuronidase - bw body weight - ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay - GD glutamate dehydrogenase - GGT gammaglutamyl transferase - IU international unit     

The activity of diagnostic enzymes and the concentration of lipids in the blood vessels of cattle

Blood vessel walls are shown to contain creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase and aspartate transaminase activity. The activity of these enzymes in the serum may be enhanced by leakage from damaged blood vessels.The activity of the enzymes alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase as well as the content of triglycerides, cholesterol and lipoproteins are very low in the vascular tissue and are unlikely to be of diagnostic value in vascular tissue injury.     

On the clinical chemistry of the Bennett's wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus rufogriseus)

The following parameters were determined in blood serum of apparently healthy Bennett's wallabies (Macropus rufogriseus) using the Hitachi 917 (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany) and/or the Vettest 8008 (IDEXX-GmbH, Woerrstadt, Germany): alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, ammonia, alpha-amylase, aspartate aminotransferase, Ca, Cl, cholesterol, cholinesterase, creatine kinase, creatinine, gammaglutamyltransferase, glucose, iron, lactate dehydrogenase, magnesium, phosphate, potassium, protein, sodium, total bilirubin, triglyceride, and urea. The results for cholesterol, glucose, total protein, triglyceride and for the enzymes alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase and lactate dehydrogenase differed significantly between both methods (P < 0.05). There is a negative correlation between the age of the Bennett's wallabies and the activity of the alkaline phosphatase. Five protein fractions could be separated on cellulose acetate electrophoresis. The mean concentrations of fructosamine and beta-hydroxybutyrate were 447.3 micromol/L and 0.27 mmol/L, respectively. The estimated vitamin A intake had no influence on the vitamin A concentration in serum. The serum vitamin E concentration was in general low and vitamin E was below the detection limit of 0.82 micromol/L in 29 out of 42 serum samples. The use of these analytes is discussed concerning the knowledge about the physiology, nutrition and diseases of macropods.     

Assessment of the cardiotoxicity of tulathromycin in rabbits

The aim of this study was to determine the cardiotoxic potency of tulathromycin. Tulathromycin (10 mg/kg, SC) was administered to ten adult male rabbits, and blood samples were obtained before and after drug administration (0 and 6 hours). Serum cardiac damage markers (troponin I, creatine kinase-MB, myoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase), routine serum biochemical values (alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, amylase, total protein, albumin, glucose, calcium, ionised calcium, sodium, potassium), white blood cell (WBC) and red blood cell (RBC) counts, arterial blood gas parameters (pH, partial carbon dioxide pressure, partial oxygen pressure, actual bicarbonate, standard bicarbonate, total carbon dioxide, base excess in vivo, base excess in vitro, oxygen saturation, packed cell volume, haemoglobin) and serum oxidative status (malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, superoxide dismutase, retinol, β-carotene) were measured. Increased levels of troponin I, creatine kinase-MB and creatinine, and decreased WBC counts, ionised calcium and potassium levels were observed after drug administration. Tulathromycin treatment may cause cardiotoxicity, but its effects may be less dramatic than those of other macrolide antibiotics frequently used in veterinary medicine.     

Changes in blood cellular components, serum proteins and serum enzyme activities in pigs naturally infected with Cysticercus tenuicollis

A study was made of blood cellular components, serum proteins and serum enzymes in 48 pigs naturally infected with Cysticercus tenuicollis. Twenty-five healthy pigs were studied for comparison. Affected animals showed a reduction in total erythrocyte count, packed cell volume and haemoglobin content and an increase in mean corpuscular volume and total leucocyte count. Significantly higher activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and isocitric dehydrogenase serum enzymes were recorded in all affected pigs. Total protein, albumin and globulin values of affected pigs remained unchanged when compared with healthy controls.     

Clinicopathologic study of horses surviving pyrrolizidine alkaloid (Senecio vulgaris) toxicosis

Twenty horses of various ages had inadvertently ingested alfalfa hay contaminated with Senecio vulgaris. Among them, 4 died of liver disease. Blood was collected from affected horses at monthly intervals for 7 months and at the 9th and 14th months. The following serum enzymes and chemical items were assayed: aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, total bilirubin, BUN, glucose, cholesterol, inorganic phosphate, calcium, total protein, and albumin. Amino acid profiles, conjugated bile acids, sulfobromophthalein clearance times, and liver histopathologic changes via serial biopsies were also monitored. Liver histopathologic changes revealed lesions progressively increasing in severity. Aspartate aminotransferase and plasma amino acid ratios indicated chronic liver degeneration (0.05 level of significance). gamma-Glutamyl transferase and lactate dehydrogenase as well as BUN values fluctuated, but returned to within reference values. Horses appeared clinically normal 14 months after intoxication, but were unable to tolerate stress of exercise.     

Effect of age on reference intervals of serum biochemical values in kittens

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of age on reference intervals of serum biochemical values in kittens. DESIGN: Prospective clinical trial. ANIMALS: 55 kittens from 12 specific-pathogen-free queens. PROCEDURE: Kittens were allocated at birth into colostrum-fed (n = 27) and colostrum-deprived (28) groups. Blood was collected at birth and on days 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 28, and 56. Serum samples were analyzed for activities of alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, amylase, and lipase and for concentrations of albumin, total protein, bilirubin, urea nitrogen, creatinine, cholesterol, glucose, calcium, phosphorus, and triglycerides by use of an automated analyzer. Total serum solids concentrations were determined by use of refractometry. Serum IgG concentrations were quantified by use of radial immunodiffusion. RESULTS: For several analytes, reference intervals changed rapidly, most notably during the first few days of life. Reference intervals for alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and triglycerides were higher from birth to 8 weeks than adult reference intervals. Aspartate aminotransferase, bilirubin, urea nitrogen, and creatinine were higher than in adults at birth but were similar to or lower than adult reference intervals by 8 weeks. Compared with adult reference intervals, reference intervals for calcium and phosphorus concentrations were higher and for albumin and total protein concentrations were lower throughout the study period. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Important differences exist between reference intervals for serum biochemical values of neonatal and adult cats. Age-appropriate reference intervals should be used for accurate assessment of serum biochemical test results in cats.     

Reference values of blood parameters in beef cattle of different ages and stages of lactation.

Reference (normal) values for 12 blood serum components were determined for 48 Shorthorn cows (2-10 years old) and their 48 calves, 357 crossbred cows (12-14 years old), 36 feedlot bulls and 36 feedlot steers. In addition, hemoglobin, hematocrit, triiodothyronine, thyroxine and cortisol levels were determined for the crossbred cows, and feedlot bulls and steers. Reference values were tabulated according to sex, age and stage of lactation. Serum concentrations of urea, total protein and bilirubin, and serum activity of aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase increased with age (P less than 0.05), while calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase decreased with age (P less than 0.05) from birth to the age of ten years. The Shorthorn cows had the highest levels of glucose at parturition (P less than 0.05) with decreasing levels during lactation. Creatinine concentration decreased during lactation and increased during postweaning. Both lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase levels increased (P less than 0.05) during lactation. Urea and uric acid were present at higher concentrations in lactating than nonlactating cows (P less than 0.05). The values reported, based on a wide age range and large number of cattle, could serve as clinical guides and a basis for further research.