猪抗病育种研究进展

作者对开展抗病育种的必要性、发展过程、抗病的遗传基础、抗病育种方法的现状及存在的问题进行了介绍。其中对MHC、抗病主基因、抗病育种的直接、间接方法、转基因抗病育种进行了重点介绍，提出采用分子标记辅助选择和转基因工程抗病育种是当前和今后抗病育种的主要方向，最后对抗病育种将来的发展前景进行了展望。     

泸定地区樱桃根癌病风险分析

樱桃根癌病是由根癌土壤杆菌引起的一种危险性细菌性病害。樱桃根癌病在泸定县为高度危险性病害,R=2.08。MaxEnt生态预测表明泸定县的田坝乡、冷磧镇、兴隆镇为樱桃根癌病的发生区,和野外调查结果基本一致;德威乡、杵坭乡、田坝乡大部分地区为高度危险区,得妥乡、加郡乡、新兴乡及烹坝乡为适生区,其他为不可能发生区。泸定县要加强检疫,严禁带菌苗木进入境内。一旦发现感病植株,应及时清除,防止进一步扩散。     

兔病毒性出血症研究进展

兔病毒性出血症俗称"兔瘟",是由兔病毒性出血症病毒引起的一种急性,致死性传染病,对易感兔致病率可达90％,病死率可高达100％。文章对兔病毒性出血症的病原学、流行病学、临床症状、病理变化、诊断和防制研究进展作了系统深入综述,并提出了存在的问题和展望。     

蓝舌病在全球的分布概况

蓝舌病为OIE规定的需通报疫病，我国将其列为一类动物疫病。该病已经给全球大部分流行地区造成巨大经济损失。我国于1979年首次证明该病存在，且在我国流行初期即造成大量易感动物死亡，给我国畜牧业带来了重大经济损失。但蓝舌病在我国仍属冷门研究方向，我国到底分离鉴定出多少个血清型的蓝舌病病毒，该病在我国的分布范围到底有多广？许多畜牧兽医工作者对这些问题并不是非常清楚。特别是在近年来鲜有蓝舌病引起动物发病死亡报道的前提下，人们对蓝舌病的重视程度进一步降低。本文对蓝舌病在全球的流行概况进行简要阐述，同时，对蓝舌病在我国40年的流行情况进行回顾，希望该病在我国能够得到足够的重视。     

浙江省淳安县发生桑叶菌核病的病原与发病规律调查

2011年秋季,浙江省淳安县的桑园大面积发生一种罕见的桑叶特大病斑病害。病叶呈现菌核病的典型症状:叶面形成灰褐色轮纹水渍状病斑,病斑随着病情发展以同心圆状向外延伸,颜色由里到外逐渐变深;叶背的灰色圆形病斑可见多个同心圆形绒毛状菌丝体和分生孢子。病斑与病斑外的部分组织以及病斑同心圆上的绒毛状组织于光学显微镜下可观察到菌丝体与分生孢子形态,病斑边缘组织块在PDA培养基上分离培养的病原菌都可观察到菌丝体形成的菌核。依据以上症状和病原真菌分离培养的形态特征,初步诊断该病为桑叶菌核病,病原为富克尔核盘菌[Sclerotinia fuckeliana(de Bary)Fuck.]。调查16个样点的480株桑树,株发病率为81.25%,叶发病率为37.63%,发病指数18.5。9～10月份气温24.4～18.7℃,多阴雨天,加之连片桑园通风透光能力较弱且相对湿度较大的环境条件,病原菌繁衍迅速,病害呈流行之势。尚未发现有明显抗性的桑树品种。     

Clinical features of epistaxis in dogs: a retrospective study of 35 cases (1999-2002)

Epistaxis was retrospectively evaluated in 35 dogs. Systemic disease was diagnosed in seven dogs and intranasal disease in 29. Nineteen dogs with intranasal disease had neoplasia. Dogs with neoplasia were older (mean 10.0 years) than dogs with nonneoplastic intranasal disease (mean 5.6 years). Signs persisting for >1 month occurred more often in dogs with intranasal than systemic disease. Unilateral epistaxis did not distinguish intranasal from systemic disease. Only dogs with intranasal disease had facial deformity, decreased airflow, or regional sub-mandibular lymphadenopathy. Dogs with systemic disease had a lower packed cell volume (mean 31.8%) than dogs with intranasal disease (mean 42.7%).     

水貂阿留申病的研究进展

水貂阿留申病(Aleutian disease of mink,ADM)是由水貂阿留申病细小病毒(Aleutian mink disease parvovirus,AD-MV)引起的一种慢性、进行性传染病,一直是危害世界养貂业健康发展最重要的疫病之一。到目前为止,还没有疫苗可成功用于ADM的预防,也没有特异有效的治疗方法,唯一可行的防治方法就是通过多次特异性检疫,淘汰病貂,净化貂群。笔者对阿留申病的病原学、发病机制、防治措施等方面进行概述,为临床防治水貂阿留申病提供了理论基础。     

猪O型口蹄疫免疫抗体检测方法的比较

试验采用口蹄疫O型间接血凝试验和O型口蹄疫抗体液相阻断ELISA 2种试验方法检测了60份血清中猪O型口蹄疫免疫抗体.研究结果显示,60份被检血清口蹄疫O型间接血凝试验检测合格率为93.3％,O型口蹄疫抗体液相阻断ELISA试验检测的合格率为73.3％,口蹄疫O型间接血凝试验检测合格率明显高于O型口蹄疫抗体液相阻断ELISA试验检测的合格率（相差20个百分点）;2种方法的总符合率为66.7％、＜25（＜2^6）的符合率为28.6％,≥2^5（≥2^6）的符合率为82.1％.2种方法检测出的整体免疫效果较好,平均合格率远高于农业部规定的70％.     

A pilot study of the effects of mechanical shortening of ewes' incisors (bite correction) on body weight and the development of periodontal disease

A field trial was set up to determine the effects of mechanical shortening of long incisors (bite correction) of ewes with early periodontal disease on the progress of the disease and on their body weights. On a farm near Te Anau with a high prevalence of periodontal disease in sheep, the body weights of 75 sound mouth ewes and two groups each of 75 ewes with periodontal disease were recorded. At the start of the trial, the incisors of the ewes in one of the groups with periodontal disease were shortened using a grinder. The trial ran for 2 years. The mouths of almost all the sheep which had sound mouths at the start of the trial remained sound throughout. This suggests that on periodontal disease-prone farms it may be possible to select ewes at 3 or 4 years of age which will retain sound mouths throughout much of thei-r productive lives. Throughout the trial, sheep with advanced periodontal disease tended to be lighter than sheep with mild periodontal disease and those in turn tended to be lighter than sheep with sound mouths. Mechanical shortening of the incisors did not alter the proportion which subsequently developed advanced periodontal disease. Seventeen to eighteen percent of ewes in both periodontal disease groups had developed advanced periodontal disease by the end of the trial. There was no significant difference in body weight between the group with shortened incisors and the group with untreated periodontal disease. Consequently, the trial provides no evidence that the mechanical shortening of the incisors of ewes will improve their productivity.     

Emergency Presentations of Exotic Mammal Herbivores

Companion exotic mammal herbivores may be diagnosed with chronic disease that the owner believes is causing acute clinical illness. It is generally believed that because of the enhanced disease-masking ability of these “prey” species, numerous disease states may go unnoticed for a significant period. A veterinarian should be knowledgeable about this behavior trait and consider its possible effects when assessing the patient's health status. In some cases, the chronic disease condition may respond rapidly to treatment, whereas with other diagnoses, treatment is more frustrating. This article describes a selection of chronic disease conditions that one may diagnose in guinea pigs (e.g., hypovitaminosis C, trixacariasis, urolithiasis, dental disease), chinchillas (e.g., dental disease), and rabbits (e.g., dental disease, renal failure, cranial thoracic mass disease). Gastrointestinal and cardiovascular disease problems diagnosed in companion exotic mammal herbivores are covered elsewhere in this journal issue.     

广西杧果流胶病发生情况调查

为了明确广西杧果流胶病的发生情况,于2012和2013年分别对百色市右江区、田东县、田阳县、武鸣县和灵山县等不同地区的杧果品种进行了流胶病发病情况调查。结果表明,广西杧果流胶病发生较为普遍和严重,平均病株率达50%以上,不同品种的发生为害情况差异显著。其中百色市右江区阳圩农场华屯分场、田阳县林逢镇福兰村、田阳县百育镇九合村的台农发病率分别高达98.1%、97.5%、97.4%,病情指数分别为13.7、12.5、10.7。武鸣的四季蜜杧发病率高达96.8%,病情指数为11.8,而田阳县百育镇九合村的红象牙发病率为30.2%,病情指数仅为1.5,受害较轻。在同一果园中,台农发病重,而红象牙、金煌杧发病较轻;同一植株上嫁接不同品种时,也是嫁接台农的发病重而嫁接红象牙、金煌杧的发病轻。     

牛口蹄疫病防治

牛口蹄疫是国家一类重特大传染性疾病,会严重威胁地区牛养殖产业的安全,给养殖户带来巨大经济损失,降低牛养殖产业的生产效益。再加上牛口蹄疫是一种人畜共患病,疾病传播流行中,如果没有做好个体防护很易造成病毒,向人扩散蔓延,威胁周边居民的生命财产安全。在充分掌握牛口蹄疫病发生现状的基础上,需要进行认真细致的分析,构建针对性的防控措施,降低疾病发生流行造成的危害。在充分掌握新宾县牛口蹄疫发生现状的基础上,对牛口蹄疫疾病的诊断和提出防治措施。     

A survey of urinary tract disease in New South Wales koalas

From 1980 to 1988 235 koalas were necropsied and 67 were found to have urinary tract disease. Six affected koalas out of 48 were derived from wildlife parks around Sydney while 61 of 187 were derived from free living populations on the central and north coasts of New South Wales. Sixteen had cystitis alone, 5 had cystitis and associated renal disease only, 16 females had cystitis with genital disease, 23 had urinary disease in combination with other systemic disease and 7 had renal disease only. Overall 49 animals had cystitis (30 females and 19 males; 47 being free living) with 12 of these having renal extension (all free living). Cystitis tended to be active but chronic while associated renal disease was mainly designated as hydronephrosis and pyelonephritis. Other forms of renal disease included lymphosarcoma, oxalate nephrosis, acute and chronic nephritis, and microabscessation related to septicaemia. Female genital disease associated with cystitis was commonly vaginitis and metritis. Paraovarian cysts were detected with and without metritis. Other diseases occurring with urinary tract disease included conjunctivitis, dermatitis/stomatitis, pneumonia and hepatic disease. The higher prevalence of urinary tract disease in free living koalas, especially cystitis, is in contrast to captive koalas and may reflect the interaction between disease cause and habitat.     

沙打旺白粉病流行规律及化学防治初探

白粉病是沙打旺的一种主要病害，高温、潮湿季节发病率较高，危害较严重。发病初期用粉锈宁喷雾防治，可以有效地控制病害的扩散蔓延，防治效果达到74.9%。     

牛结节性皮肤病诊断及防控

牛结节性皮肤病是一种急性、亚急性传染性疾病。由于养殖户不科学地引种行为,造成该类疾病从其他国家引入本地区。牛结节性皮肤病又被称为牛结节疹、牛结节性皮炎或者牛疙瘩皮肤病,是由结节性皮肤病毒引发的一种急性亚急性传染性疾病。该类疾病被世界动物卫生组织规定为必须通报的疾病,我国将其划归为一类重大动物疫病。牛结节性皮肤病首先发生于新疆地区,随后由于不科学的运输和引种造成该类疾病,呈现逐渐扩大蔓延的趋势,带来的损失十分严重。需要掌握牛结节性皮肤病的具体流行特点、临床表现,做到及时发现及时处置,控制疫情的传播蔓延,确保我国牛养殖安全。该文主要论述牛结节性普皮肤病的诊断和防控。     

Experimental production of fatal mucosal disease in cattle

Three outbreaks of mucosal disease were investigated. Careful examination of 47 cattle that were persistently viraemic with bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) revealed no clinical disease, no or low levels of BVDV antibody and only non-cytopathic virus in their blood. The four animals with mucosal disease all showed clinical disease and both cytopathic and non-cytopathic virus in their blood. Following post mortem examination, there were particularly high levels of cytopathic virus in gut tissue. A hypothesis for the induction of mucosal disease is suggested. It states that animals become persistently infected with non-cytopathic virus following in utero infection and when, in post natal life, they become superinfected with a cytopathic virus, then mucosal disease ensues. The experimental reproduction of mucosal disease in support of this hypothesis is described.     

Genetics of animal health and disease in cattle

There have been considerable recent advancements in animal breeding and genetics relevant to disease control in cattle, which can now be utilised as part of an overall programme for improved cattle health. This review summarises the contribution of genetic makeup to differences in resistance to many diseases affecting cattle. Significant genetic variation in susceptibility to disease does exist among cattle suggesting that genetic selection for improved resistance to disease will be fruitful. Deficiencies in accurately recorded data on individual animal susceptibility to disease are, however, currently hindering the inclusion of health and disease resistance traits in national breeding goals. Developments in 'omics' technologies, such as genomic selection, may help overcome some of the limitations of traditional breeding programmes and will be especially beneficial in breeding for lowly heritable disease traits that only manifest themselves following exposure to pathogens or environmental stressors in adulthood. However, access to large databases of phenotypes on health and disease will still be necessary. This review clearly shows that genetics make a significant contribution to the overall health and resistance to disease in cattle. Therefore, breeding programmes for improved animal health and disease resistance should be seen as an integral part of any overall national disease control strategy.     

草鱼九江头槽绦虫病的诊断治疗报告

2009年6月27目西安草滩一精养草鱼池塘的草鱼发生疾病,根据发病特点、病理解剖和显微镜观察,确诊为草鱼九江头槽绦虫病并继发感染赤皮、烂鳃病。经用晶体敌百虫配合其他药物辅助治疗,效果良好。     

Prevalence of clinical and subclinical middle ear disease in cats undergoing computed tomographic scans of the head

Three hundred and ten cats that had CT imaging of the head between January 2000 and December 2007 were evaluated retrospectively. Data that were recorded included signalment, presenting complaint, clinical signs, presence of upper respiratory tract disease, and CT findings. One hundred and one cats had evidence of middle ear disease on CT. Thirty-four of the 101 cats (34%) did not have a primary complaint of ear-related disease, clinical signs or physical findings consistent with ear disease, suggesting that the middle ear disease was subclinical. Twenty-seven of the 34 cats (79%) had concurrent nasal disease. Middle ear lesions were chronic in appearance. With the exception of tympanic bulla lysis, CT findings were similar in cats presenting with primary aural disease versus cats with presumptive subclinical middle ear disease. The majority of the cats did not return for treatment of the identified middle ear abnormalities. Subclinical middle ear disease is relatively frequent in cats undergoing CT imaging of the head. Few cats required subsequent treatment for ear disease although follow up was limited. Identification of subclinical middle ear abnormalities on CT should prompt acquisition of a detailed patient history and bilateral otoscopic examination.     

张掖市创建养殖场无疫小区的思路与对策

畜牧业是张掖市的支柱产业,面对当前动物疫病防控形势依然严峻的现状,创建无疫小区是保障畜牧业持续稳定发展的必由之路,我市的规模养殖比重达较大,创建无疫小区的基础好,通过认真分析我市养殖现状和动物疫病防控形势后,针对创建养殖场无疫小区提出了出台扶持政策、加强宣传引导和落实管控措施的思路与对策,为我市创建无疫小区和无疫区,更好地做好动物疫病防控工作,保持畜牧业增收势头更强劲提出可供参考的建议。