我国近十年选育的抗寒梨新品种

介绍了"寒红"、"寒香"、"寒酥"、"延香"等近10a来我国育成的抗寒优质梨新品种及其特性和适宜栽培区域,以便为我国今后抗寒梨育种工作亲本选配和寒冷地区梨产业发展品种选择提供参考。     

西宁日光温室五个水果黄瓜品种的引进筛选

以5个水果黄瓜新品种为试材,比较分析其综合指标,进行引种筛选栽培试验。结果表明:"荷兰迷你"和"夏美伦"的综合性状理想,表现为生长势旺盛、连续坐瓜性强、结瓜数多、产量高、适口性好等优点,适宜西宁地区栽培,可以作为首选品种推广种植。"月脂"、"寒月"、"金棚白皮"由于其果皮嫩白色,可作为新特品种进行适量种植。     

矮化"寒富"苹果树高纺锤等树形培养方法研究

<正>"寒富"苹果的问世,解决了-10℃线以北地区不能栽培优质大苹果的问题。生产实践表明,"寒富"苹果不仅已向北发展到-14℃线的辽北地区,而且也向南发展到-8℃线辽西辽南地区,从而填补了因"红富士"苹果从-10℃线退到-8℃线以南而留下的空白。实践表明,辽宁省各地均可栽培"寒富"苹果而且生产上正在大量发展着。自1998年通过辽宁省品种审定委员会审定以来,"寒富"苹果在辽宁省得以迅速发展,到2014年全     

12个黄瓜品种温室栽培比较试验

以不同黄瓜品种为研究对象,针对不同黄瓜品种生育期叶面积、叶绿素含量、叶片数、果实等植物学性状的比较研究,探索出适合北方寒旱区日光温室栽培的黄瓜品种。结果表明,普通黄瓜品种比水果型黄瓜产量高,光合速率强,其中新津研四号、津研七号及丰满园6号生长势强,产量高,品质优,商品性好,整齐一致,畸形瓜少,适宜在北方日光温室早春茬栽培。     

6个树莓品种在新疆乌鲁木齐的引种试验

为了丰富新疆的树莓优良品种资源,优化栽培模式,2016-2018年对6个引进树莓品种的果实经济性状、丰产性、物候期、适应性等进行研究。结果表明:'秋福'维拉米特'菲尔都德'植株生长势强,果实风味佳,可作为夏季鲜食品种栽培;'红宝玉'寒莓'果实风味偏酸,但耐贮运,可作为加工品种栽培;'秋福'寒莓'采果期长、丰产性好,可搭配夏果型品种栽培延长采收期;'欧洲红'丰产性差、不耐贮运,不推荐在新疆乌鲁木齐地区栽培。     

粤西地区反季节栽培哈密瓜品种比较试验

以引进的"白玫"、"西密25"等12个品种为试材,采用大棚秋季吊蔓单蔓整枝栽培进行品种比较试验,探讨这些品种在粤西栽培的适应性及综合性状表现。结果表明:软肉型品种"白玫"和脆肉型品种"西密25"生育期适宜、单果重适中、含糖量较高、品质优良且田间抗病性较强,商品性高,为粤西地区栽培种植推广的首选哈密瓜品种。     

豫东地区地膜覆盖栽培西瓜品种比较试验

在豫东地区,以7个中熟大果型西瓜品种为试材,以主栽品种"华之秀"为对照,对参试品种进行了地膜覆盖栽培小区比较试验,以评价各品种的生物学性状、产量、质量及综合抗性等指标,从而筛选出丰产性、适应性及品质等综合性状优良的品种。结果表明:"开抗3号"、"圣达尔"、"漯丰7号"、"凯旋2号"适合豫东地区进行地膜覆盖栽培。     

豆、稻二熟高产高效栽培技术

<正>近年来各级政府十分重视粮食生产,瓜沥镇也不例外,在抓好经济作物同时,狠抓粮食生产,圆满完成种粮食任务。瓜沥镇属沙质地区,地势平坦、排灌方便、土壤肥沃,适合种植大豆及水稻。为了提高效益,大豆采用小拱棚栽培,以优质高产品种"沪宁95—1"等品种为主;水稻采用撒直播栽培,以优质高产品种"秀水134"等品种为主。一般年份种植面积数百亩,取得了显著的经济、社会和生态效益。     

“寒香蜜”葡萄的引种表现及省力化配套栽培技术

"寒香蜜"葡萄原产美国,属于欧美杂交种。2016年引入浙江省台州试栽。经过3年观察,此品种花芽分化好,抗病性强,果实品质优,田间管理省工,总体表现良好。笔者总结出了一套"寒香蜜"葡萄省力化栽培技术。如选择竹木小环棚、连体钢架大棚等避雨栽培,栽培架式可选"V"形架、"T"形架、飞鸟形架或平棚架;苗木定植后主干留2~3芽,冬季采用中梢(6~8芽)或极短梢(1~2芽)修剪,春季及时抹芽,根据"强枝1~2穗,中庸枝1穗,弱枝不留穗"的原则去除多余花穗;并注意肥水管理及病虫害防治。     

一年生产两茬出口切花菊温室栽培技术示范

2009年4月引进"优香"、"白扇"、"神马"和"黄金"4个日本切花菊品种在莒县果庄、城阳试验地试验栽培,我们从品种的适应性、商品性和茬口安排等几个方面进行比较系统的研究和分析,确定了"优香"、"神马"为主栽品种。经过几年的研究和生产实践,总结出一套实用的一年生产两茬出口切花菊温室栽培技术规程,其中关键技术包括肥水管理、光周期调控、GA3和B9处理及病虫害防控,到2013年底累计在莒县示范推广温室栽培示范园9.3km2,取得了较高的经济和社会效益。     

Fruit growth,cuticle deposition,water uptake,and fruit cracking in jostaberry,gooseberry, and black currant

Fruit cracking after rain limits the production of a number of crops, including some Ribes species. To gain a better understanding of the factors involved in cracking, fruit growth, deposition of the cuticular membrane (CM), water uptake and fruit cracking were studied in black currant (Ribes nigrum L. cv. Zema), gooseberry (Ribes uva-crispa L. cv. Rote Triumph), and jostaberry (Ribes nidigrolaria B. cv. Jostine). Fruit surface area and fresh mass increased continuously throughout development, whereas deposition of the CM was biphasic. CM mass per fruit increased rapidly up to 42, 41, and 49 days after full bloom (DAFB) in black currant, gooseberry, and jostaberry, respectively. Thereafter, CM mass per fruit remained constant in gooseberry and jostaberry or increased at a lower rate in black currant. The cessation of or reduced rate of CM deposition resulted in a decrease in CM mass per unit area in all berries. Elastic strain of the CM at maturity averaged 23.8% and 19.5% in gooseberry and jostaberry, respectively, and only 8.2% in black currant. Microcracks in the CM were observed first in gooseberry and jostaberry 64 DAFB, whereas there were no microcracks in black currant. Water uptake into mature detached berries was linear over 2 h of incubation. Rates of uptake were highest in gooseberry followed by black currant and jostaberry. Relative uptake was similar via the cut end of the pedicel (32.1%), the apex of the fruit (34.7%) and the fruit surface (33.2%). Rates of water uptake through the fruit surface were positively related to surface area. Average fruit water potential for black currant, gooseberry, and jostaberry was −2.14 ± 0.17, −1.24 ± 0.03, and −1.89 ± 0.20 MPa, while the permeability for osmotic water uptake was 7.7 ± 0.4 × 10⁻⁸, 5.2 ± 0.1 × 10⁻⁸, and 3.3 ± 0.3 × 10⁻⁸ m s⁻¹. Incubating whole fruit in deionized water for 72 h resulted in more cracked jostaberries (94%) than black currants (74%) or gooseberries (50%). A comparison of our findings in Ribes berries with published data for the sweet cherry drupe revealed that the berries fitted the relationships established in sweet cherry among fruit growth, cuticle deposition, strain of the cuticle, microcracking, permeability for osmotic water uptake, frequency of stomata and cracking. The Ribes berries were less susceptible to cracking than sweet cherry.     

Similitude,similarity, and scaling

An exceptionally rich and colorful literature, drawn in almost equal parts from pure mathematics, from the sciences, and from the technologies, has grown up over the years, which bear in different ways on the topics under discussion. It is the intent of the present paper to survey this far-flung literature, point out some of the commonalities and interrelationships which underlie it, and briefly indicate how it has been and can be applied. To my knowledge, this kind of review has not been attempted before.     

Climatic, landform, microtopographic, and overstory canopy controls of tree invasion in a subalpine meadow landscape, Oregon Cascades, USA

Tree invasions have been documented throughout Northern Hemisphere high elevation meadows, as well as globally in many grass and forb-dominated ecosystems. Tree invasions are often associated with large-scale changes in climate or disturbance regimes, but are fundamentally driven by regeneration processes influenced by interactions between climatic, topographic, and biotic factors at multiple spatial scales. The purpose of this research was to quantify spatiotemporal patterns of meadow invasion; and how climate, larger landforms, topography, and overstory trees have interactively influenced tree invasion. We combined airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) characterizations of landforms, topography, and overstory vegetation with historical climate, field measurements of snow depth, tree abundance, and tree ages to reconstruct spatial and temporal patterns of tree invasion over five decades in a subalpine meadow complex in the Oregon Cascade Range, USA. Proportion of meadow occupied by trees increased from 8?% in 1950 to 35?% in 2007. Larger landforms, topography, and tree canopies interactively mediated regional climatic controls of tree invasion by modifying depth and persistence of snow pack, while tree canopies also influenced seed source availability. Landscape context played an important role mediating snow depth and tree invasion; on glacial landforms tree invasion was negatively associated with spring snowfall, but on debris flows tree invasion was not associated with snow fall. The importance of snow, uncertain climate change impacts on snow, and mediation of snow by interacting and context dependent factors in complex mountain terrain poses substantial hurdles for understanding how these ecotones may respond to future climate conditions.     

Wetlands, carbon, and climate change

Wetland ecosystems provide an optimum natural environment for the sequestration and long-term storage of carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the atmosphere, yet are natural sources of greenhouse gases emissions, especially methane. We illustrate that most wetlands, when carbon sequestration is compared to methane emissions, do not have 25 times more CO₂ sequestration than methane emissions; therefore, to many landscape managers and non specialists, most wetlands would be considered by some to be sources of climate warming or net radiative forcing. We show by dynamic modeling of carbon flux results from seven detailed studies by us of temperate and tropical wetlands and from 14 other wetland studies by others that methane emissions become unimportant within 300 years compared to carbon sequestration in wetlands. Within that time frame or less, most wetlands become both net carbon and radiative sinks. Furthermore, we estimate that the world’s wetlands, despite being only about 5–8 % of the terrestrial landscape, may currently be net carbon sinks of about 830 Tg/year of carbon with an average of 118 g-C m^?2 year^?1 of net carbon retention. Most of that carbon retention occurs in tropical/subtropical wetlands. We demonstrate that almost all wetlands are net radiative sinks when balancing carbon sequestration and methane emissions and conclude that wetlands can be created and restored to provide C sequestration and other ecosystem services without great concern of creating net radiative sources on the climate due to methane emissions.     

Up-regulation of mRNA expressions of fas,bcl-2, bim,bax, caspase-3, caspase-9, and bcl2l12 in K562 treated with bortezomib

AIM: To detect the treatment of K562 leukemia cells with bortezomib altering the expression of genes fas, bcl-2, bcl2l12, bim, bax, caspase-9 and caspase-3.METHODS: MTT assay was used to detect the inhibition of proliferation. Apoptosis was detected by Annexin-V staining and mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Δψm). RT-PCR was used to analyze the mRNA expressions of fas, bcl-2, bcl2l12, bim, bax, caspase-3 and caspase-9.RESULTS: Bortezomib caused a time- and dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation and IC50 of 24 h and 48 h were 161.41 nmol/L and 96.33 nmol/L, respectively. At the concentration of 104 nmol/L, bortezomib induced apoptosis in a time-dependent manner, including increasing annexin-V positivity and decreasing the Δψm. RT-PCR showed that bortezomib up-regulated the mRNA expression of fas, bcl2l12, caspase-9 and caspase-3, but mRNA expressions of bcl-2, bim and bax did not changed obviously.CONCLUSION: Bortezomib inhibits the proliferation of K562 and induces apoptosis, in which fas, bcl2l12, caspase-9 or caspase-3 gene is one of the main genes taking part in.     

氮磷钾硼肥配施对青花菜养分吸收分配及产量和品质的影响

研究了不施肥处理,氮磷钾配施和增施硼肥对青花菜养分吸收分配及产量和品质的影响。结果表明,现蕾期至花球膨大期,青花菜对氮、磷、钾的吸收量最大,整个生长期对钾的吸收最多,氮次之,磷最少。氮磷钾主要分配在叶片中,现蕾后逐渐向花球转移,从现蕾到采收时,叶片中氮、磷、钾分配率分别降低了19.6%、10%和9.0%,花球中氮磷钾分配率分别提高了23.1%、15.9%和11.1%。不施氮、磷、钾肥显著降低了花球产量、维生素C含量和成品率,增施硼肥处理的花球成品率较氮磷钾肥处理提高了4.8%,不施氮肥和钾硫肥(K₂SO₄)显著降低了花球中的硫代葡萄糖苷含量。相关性分析表明,青花菜产量与植株内氮、钾积累量显著正相关,成品率与植株内磷营养显著正相关。     

Principles for forcing tulips,hyacinths, daffodils,Easter lilies and Dutch irises

Systematic investigations on the forcing of tulips, hyacinths, daffodils, Easter lilies and Dutch iris have produced a fairly complete set of scientific principles. In this review, these principles have been classified into a 3-phase concept of forcing. These are: production, programming, and greenhouse. The production phase is defined as all processes which occur during bulb production and it terminates with the harvesting of the bulbs. The programming phase comprises all handling of the bulbs from harvesting until they are placed under greenhouse conditions. The greenhouse phase is the accelerated development of the bulbs until anthesis or marketing of the plants. These phases have been discussed relative to floral and root development and the basic environmental requirements of the bulb species.