精子介导法制备转基因猪的研究

本文主要简述了应用转基因猪的研究概况,介绍了几种以精子作为载体的转基因方法,分析了外源DNA进入精子的影响因素,展望了利用精子为载体生产转基因猪的应用前景     

转基因动物技术及其应用

本文从原核显微注射法、胚胎干细胞法、逆转录病毒感染法、精子载体法和体细胞核移植法等5个方面简要介绍了建立转基因动物的方法及应用.     

转基因动物技术及其应用

本文从原核显微注射法、胚胎干细胞法、逆转录病毒感染法、精子载体法和体细胞核移植法等5个方面简要介绍了建立转基因动物的方法及应用。     

转基因鸡及输卵管生物反应器

随着生物制药业的迅速发展,转基因鸡输卵管生物反应器正逐渐成为人们关注的焦点,转基因鸡以其卓越的优势必将成为科学研究的热点和生物制药领域的新兴产业之一。目前,转基因鸡最成功的制备方法即逆转录病毒介导法,并已成功制备出表达标记基因的转基因鸡。本文主要综述了鸡作为生物反应器的优势、转基因鸡发展历程、逆转录病毒载体制备转基因鸡的方法过程和转基因鸡的研究进展,同时也讨论了转基因鸡的意义和可能存在问题。     

动物转基因技术在转基因牛中的研究进展

本研究综述了目前应用于转基因牛中原核显微注射法、体细胞克隆法、病毒载体法等传统动物转基因技术以及具有应用前景的ZFN技术、TALEN技术和iPS技术等。概述了20年来国内外转基因牛重要的研究进展,并就目前转基因牛在乳腺生物反应器、抗病育种、品种改良主要3个方面的应用进行了介绍。在此基础上,就目前转基因牛育种中存在的问题及今后发展趋势进行了讨论,以促进转基因牛研究的发展。     

乌骨鸡黑色素基因的克隆及真核表达载体的构建

采用RT-PCR方法从乌骨鸡皮肤中克隆出黑色素主效基因黑色素皮质激素受体(Melanocortin1-receptorMC1R)基因,长度为945bp,与普通白鸡比对其同源性为99.6%。以pEGFP-N1为基础,将从测序载体pMD-18T-MC1R上使用EcoR I和Sal I切下的MC1R连接到同样酶切的pEGFP-N1,构建pEGFP-N1-MC1R真核表达载体,为以后转基因动物的制备打下了基础。     

逆转录病毒法制备转基因鸡的方法分析

随着生物制药业的迅速发展,转基因鸡已逐渐成为生物领域研究的热点之一。为建立和优化逆转录病毒法制备转基因鸡技术平台,以pHIT-Myc3为载体,以增强型绿色荧光蛋白（EGFP）为标记基因,采用共转染法包装泛嗜性VSV-G假逆转录病毒,浓缩后分别体外侵染鸡胚胎成肌细胞和体内胚盘下腔接种新生种蛋并孵化出雏。分别抽提成肌细胞、孵化5d的全胚和新生雏鸡不同脏器的基因组DNA进行PCR鉴定分析,结果分别在细胞和5d全胚胎及新生雏鸡的胸腺和皮肤中检测到了标记基因EGFP的存在,表明逆转录病毒法成功制备出转基因鸡,同时转基因鸡技术平台中的方法技术条件也得到了有效优化,为转基因鸡的进一步研究提供参考     

科技大世界

世界首例转基因克隆水牛在广西诞生作为世界第三水牛大国,中国在水牛繁殖生物技术领域不断取得重大突破。世界首例单精子显微授精的转基因水牛、世界首例慢病毒介导的转基因水牛、世界首例转基因克隆水牛     

转基因镜鲤精子保存及人工授精孵化试验研究

为提高鱼类的精子保存及授精孵化水平,对转基因镜鲤的精子在0.5%水解乳蛋白Hanks液中进行了常温(23℃)和冷藏(4℃)保存试验,并观察其活力及保持时间。结果表明,冷藏保存的精子不论其活力、活力持续时间及保存时间均好于常温保存的效果。对保存2d的精子进行了授精及孵化试验。结果表明,经保存的精子(2d)完全可以授精和孵化出苗。     

养羊业高新生物技术的应用(下)

(续第5期) 2 转基因动物应用 转基因动物是指用实验手段,将外源基因导入动物生殖细胞,由此稳定整合到动物基因组,并能遗传给子代的动物.     

FIJI Water,water everywhere: Global brands and democratic and social injustice

Over recent decades, the demand for bottled water has grown exponentially at the global scale. In the marketing of such products, discourses of purity and paradise have often been invoked. Marketed as a ‘Taste of Paradise’, FIJI Water has gained enormous international success as an ostensibly clean and green product. Celebrity endorsements – reaching as high as US President Barack Obama – have abounded, driven in part by the belief that the corporation is both environmentally and socially responsible. This paper describes and analyses the rise of FIJI water and critically assesses the sources and impacts of its economic success. It goes on to explore its local social and environmental impacts in the context of a country that has been subject to waves of democratic crises where the fate of the polity has been influenced by FIJI Water's actions. FIJI Water has come to assume the role of development trustee in the villages most affected by the growth in exports. The democratic crises in Fiji has given FIJI Water profound developmental influence, and this has brought both costs and benefits at the local socio‐environmental scale.     

Losing ground? Tuvalu,the greenhouse effect and the garbage can

Abstract: Greenhouse‐induced sea‐level rise (SLR) threatens coral atolls and particularly the few atoll states, such as Tuvalu. This central Pacific island microstate has minimal economic development options, and has increasingly perceived emigration and remittances as a development strategy, despite restricted opportunities. Internal migration, in search of wage employment, has brought almost half the national population to Funafuti atoll, with negative local environmental consequences. Short‐term scientific data show no evidence of SLR in Tuvalu, but the Government of Tuvalu has argued that there is visual evidence of SLR, through such consequences as increased erosion, flooding and salinity. Global media have increasingly emphasised a doomsday scenario, with Tuvalu as synecdoche and symbol of all threatened island environments. Environmental problems of diverse origin have been entirely attributed to distant processes causing SLR, in terms of ‘garbage can anarchy’ or a ‘conspiracy narrative’, and thus to distant causes. The Tuvalu Government has consequently sought compensation from, and migration opportunities in, distant states. The construction of apparently imminent hazard has potential domestic political and economic advantages, but environmental costs.     

食用菌生物保鲜技术研究进展

食用菌兼具营养及药用价值,被公认为"现代保健食品",已成为继植物性、动物性食品之外的第三类食品--菌物性食品。食用菌含水量高、组织脆嫩,在采收和贮运过程中容易受到损伤,引起褐变、变质或腐烂等,严重影响其食用性和商品价值,因此食用菌保鲜技术受到广泛关注。本文探讨了影响食用菌采后保鲜效果的因素,对近年来国内外食用菌生物保鲜技术的研究进展进行了综述,提出了食用菌生物保鲜技术的未来发展方向。     

Political contestation,resource control and conservation in an era of decentralisation at Indonesia's Kerinci Seblat National Park

Since the fall of long‐time strongman Suharto and his authoritarian ‘New Order’ government in 1998, Indonesia has embarked upon a series of decentralisation and democratisation reforms. This new era of decentralised politics has come to be known as Reformasi and has significantly altered the political landscape of the archipelago as national and subnational levels of administration continue to contest the balance of power. Indonesia's national parks, which remain under the authority of the national government, have become arenas for negotiated encounters between local resource users, aspiring district elites and the national government. This essay explores three legacies of incomplete and unfinished decentralisation as they related to national‐park‐based conservation, using Sumatra's Kerinci Seblat National Park as a case study.     

Recent Development of Scientific Researches on Arsenics

In recent yuars,environmental arsenic contamination is a major problem in many parts of the world. There are many reports from many nations on human exposure to arsenic in drinking water has been linkedto various diseases and chronic arsenic poisoning symptoms . Though arsenic has been known as a poison for thousands of years, there have long been reports of benfical effects.Chinese medicine has used arsenic as a medicinal for thousands of years,especially studies have identified arsenic trioxide as a powerful and dramatic therapy for acute promyelocytic leukaemia(APL),which suggested many scholor use this drug to cure various tumors.     

Apomictic frequency in sorghum R473

Summary Apomixis has been reported in a few lines of sorghum, among them R473 which was originally reported to be an obligate apomict. Although this line has multiple embryo sacs, the frequency of apomictic seed formation has not been determined because a progeny test has not been possible. R473 does not cross as a female with other lines except when its own pollen is present. In the present study mutations were induced in R473 by hydrazine and irradiation. Crosses were made between male-sterile mutants as females and normal R473 as males. Plants of R473 produced F₁ hybrids sexually, thus indicating that they were not obligate apomicts. These F₁'s also reproduced sexually, as indicated by segregation for male sterility and male fertility in F₂ progenies.     

微生物利用农业有机废物发酵产乳酸的研究进展

为了降低乳酸发酵成本,减少环境污染,提高乳酸发酵的工业适应性,以农业有机废物等可再生资源为原料,微生物发酵方法生产乳酸克服了传统方法的弊端,得到广泛的应用。在介绍发酵产乳酸的微生物类群及代谢途径基础上,系统论述了微生物利用农业有机废物发酵产乳酸的研究进展,并介绍了乳酸的发酵、提取和纯化工艺。最后,从开发微生物种质资源、优化发酵和提纯工艺、扩大资源利用3个层面,展望了微生物利用农业有机废物发酵产乳酸的前景。     

库尔勒香梨部分果实性状遗传的研究

库尔勒香梨是中国久负盛名的梨果佳品。却存在着果个小、果心大的缺陷。为了传承香梨品质优势,克服其弱点,本课题组于1971年开始香梨为亲本的杂交育种工作。以6个梨的杂交组合、351株实生树为试材,进行了各组合亲本和后代的性状分析,探讨了各主要性状的遗传趋势。结果表明,杂交后代果实形状、肉质遗传倾向于亲本,倾亲率分别为68.09%和51.38%。梨果实大小为数量性状,杂种后代果个分离广泛,杂种后代果实普遍变小,各组合的遗传传递力在68.91%~117.51%之间,平均遗传传递力为93.11%。梨果实可溶性固形物含量呈数量性状遗传,杂种后代分离较广,其组合传递力平均为97.49%。