膨化大豆对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

试验选用 72头刚离乳的杜长嘉仔猪 ,饲喂玉米 -豆粕型基础日粮。随机分成 2组 ,试验组饲粮中添加 5%的膨化大豆部分替代日粮中的豆粕 ,试验期 30 d。结果表明 :与对照组相比 ,试验组日增重比对照组提高 7.54% ,料重比和腹泻率分别下降 6.95%和 1 4 .55%。     

膨化日粮对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

研究了不同营养水平膨化加工日粮对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响情况,结果表明,在相同的营养水平下,膨化加工日粮可以有效改善断奶仔猪生长性能并降低乳仔猪的断奶后腹泻的发生率,其改善程度与日粮的营养水平和复杂程度有关,较大的营养水平差异不能完全通过膨化加工得到补偿,评价膨化的实际意义时应同时考虑日粮营养水平和加工工艺两方面。     

膨化大豆和乳清粉对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

选取118头刚离乳的杜长加仔猪 ,随机分成3组 ,饲喂玉米—豆粕型基础日粮。试验组饲粮中分别添加5 %的膨化大豆和乳清粉部分替代日粮中的豆粕 ,饲养试验进行30d。结果表明 :与对照组比较 ,饲粮中添加膨化大豆组猪的日增重提高了7.54 % ,料重比和腹泻率分别下降了6.95 %和14.55 % ;添加乳清粉组猪的日增重提高了9.17 % ,料重比和腹泻率分别下降了6.64 %和15.76 % ,且添加乳清粉组猪的日均采食量比对照组和添加膨化大豆组均有增加趋势     

早期断奶仔猪生产性能的影响因素

随着早期断奶仔猪营养研究不断深入和饲养管理水平的日益提高 ,仔猪断奶日龄在不断提前 ,许多生产者采用 1 8天的或更短的哺乳期 ,国外有很多商业性农场甚至采用平均短于 1 4天的哺乳期。仔猪早期隔离断奶法的意义不仅在于可以提高母猪的生产率 ,而且通过将仔猪从其最初的感染源 (母猪 )移开 ,可以大大提高生长猪的健康状况和生产性能 ,生长率的提高达 5%～ 1 5%(Ｄｒｉｔｚ等 ,1 996)。仔猪断奶后减少接触母猪和较大日龄仔猪携带病原的机会 ,处于清洁和低免疫刺激的环境中 ,可以减少疫苗和药物的使用以保证仔猪健康 ,饲料转化率都优于常规…     

膨化大豆对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

浙江省粮食科学研究所的姜秋水和沈华在平湖众欣养殖场选取72头刚断奶的杜长嘉仔猪,随机分成2组,每组3个重复,每个重复12头(公母各半)。对照组饲粮组成(%):玉米60;豆粕25;次粉8.5;鱼粉3.5;磷酸氢钙1;预混料2。试验组饲粮组成(%):玉米60;豆粕20;膨化大豆5;次粉8;鱼粉4;磷酸氢钙1;预混料2。膨化大豆由萧山市启明星生物营养有限公司提供,粗蛋白质含量38.0%。营养水平均为DE13.21MJ/kg;CP19.27%。试验期30天。试验组和对照组饲养管理条件相同,自由采食和饮水。结果表明,试验组日增重比对照组提高7.54%,料重比和腹泻率分别下降6.95%和0.24个百…     

日粮中添加乳清粉和膨化豆粕对断奶仔猪生产性能影响

选择30日龄断奶三元杂交仔猪(杜×长×大)64头。随机分成对照组、Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组,对照组饲以基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组日粮以膨化豆粕替代普通豆粕,试验Ⅱ组由3%的乳清粉替代3%的豆粕。试验Ⅲ组中膨化豆粕替代普通豆粕同时由3%的乳清粉替代3%的膨化豆粕。试验结果:对照组培育仔猪需46d,试验Ⅰ组(膨化豆粕组)培育仔猪需40d,试验Ⅱ组(乳清粉组)培育仔猪需43d,试验Ⅲ组(膨化豆粕+乳清粉组)培育仔猪需39d;平均日增重试验Ⅱ组显著高于对照组(P<0.05),试验Ⅰ、Ⅲ组极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),试验Ⅲ组极显著高于Ⅱ组(P<0.01)、显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05);饲料利用率试验Ⅲ组最高,对照组饲料利用率最差;腹泻率试验Ⅰ组下降了38.13%,试验Ⅱ组下降了34.63%,试验Ⅲ组下降了47.08%。结果表明利用膨化大豆或乳清粉等优质蛋白。调整日粮结构,可显著降低TI等抗营养因子和抗原物质的含量,减少腹泻率,提高生长性能。     

膨化陈化早籼糙米添加外源酶对生长猪表观养分消化率及消化酶活性的影响

选用6头平均体重(18.00±0.60)kg的健康去势公猪,在回肠末端安装T型瘘管后按6×6拉丁方设计分别饲喂高、低糊化度(分别为86.5%和42.6%)膨化和未处理3种陈化早籼糙米,并在其基础上添加或不添加外源α-淀粉酶(2500U/kg日粮)和糖化酶(20000U/kg日粮)共计6种试验日粮,研究膨化处理陈化早籼糙米添加外源酶对生长猪表观养分消化率和食糜碳水化合物消化酶活性的影响。结果表明:膨化有提高猪表观回肠淀粉消化率的趋势(P=0.075),但未能显著改善猪能量、粗蛋白和氨基酸表观回肠消化率(P>0.05);添加外源酶显著提高猪赖氨酸、苏氨酸和异亮氨酸表观回肠消化率(P<0.05);适度膨化显著提高试猪食糜碳水化合物消化酶活性(P<0.05)。     

膨化大豆对断奶仔猪过敏性腹泻及生产性能的影响

研究了膨化大豆对28日龄断奶仔猪生产性能和腹泻的影响，结果表明：膨化大豆饲喂仔猪可提高第2周以后的平均日增重；缩短仔猪腹泻时间、降低仔猪腹泻率（P〈0.01）；降低皮褶厚度（P〈0．01）：提高营养物质的表观消化率，其中粗蛋白、粗脂肪、干物质、粗灰分、有机物分别提高18，91％（P〈0．01）、18．75％（P〈0．05）、11．03％（P〈0．01）、153．81％和9．71％（P〈0．05）：降低仔猪的增重成本，28d仔猪可节约成本0．48元／头。     

糙米代替玉米对断奶仔猪生产性能及养分表观消化率的影响

试验研究了糙米代替玉米对断奶仔猪生产性能和回、盲肠养分表观消化率(以下简称消化率)的影响。36头28日龄断奶、健康长大二元杂种仔猪按窝别和体重随机分为3组,分别饲喂3种不同饲粮:基础饲粮、糙米替代50%玉米饲粮、糙米替代70%玉米饲粮。结果显示,随着饲粮玉米50%、70%被糙米替代,断奶仔猪日增重提高16.3%、19.7%(P<0.05),料重比降低4.7%、8.2%(P<0.05),饲料转化效率得到显著改善;回肠干物质和粗蛋白质消化率分别提高1.6%、4.7%和0.8%、5.1%,必需氨基酸消化率提高5.0%、7.6%;盲肠干物质和粗蛋白质消化率分别提高4.1%、5.9%和1.1%、4.1%。因此,从此试验可得出,用糙米替代饲粮中部分玉米,可改善断奶仔猪生产性能和养分消化率,说明在断奶仔猪饲粮中使用糙米替代部分玉米是可行的,以糙米替代70%玉米效果最佳。     

膨化豆粕取代鱼粉对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

膨化豆粕是大豆榨油后的副产物，大豆膨化后可提高出油率，同时还可破坏豆粕中的抗营养因子，提高营养物质消化率。因而可用较高比例的膨化豆粕部分或全部取代断奶仔猪日粮中的鱼粉。本试验用膨化豆粕取代断奶仔猪日粮中0％、50％、100％的鱼粉，研究膨化豆粕部分或全部取代鱼粉对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响。     

Effects of extrusion and supplementation of exogenous enzymes to diets containing Chinese storage brown rice on the carbohydrase activity in the digestive tract of piglets

Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of extrusion of Chinese storage brown rice and of exogenous enzymes supplementation to diets containing Chinese storage brown rice on the carbohydrase activity in digestive tract of piglets. In Experiment 1, 96 weaned piglets [initially 6.95 ± 0.05 kg body weight (BW)] were used in a 2 × 2 factorial design, the animals were fed the diets containing extruded Chinese storage brown rice or non‐treated Chinese storage brown rice and supplemented with or without exogenous enzymes. Each treatment had six replicate pens and four piglets in each pen. The results demonstrated that extrusion significantly increased (p < 0.05) the activity of duodenal maltase after 14 days of treatment and glucoamylase after 28 days of treatment, jejunal lactase, maltase, isomaltase, sucrase and α‐amylase after 28 days of treatment, and jejunal α‐amylase after 14 days of treatment; enzyme supplementation positively influenced (p < 0.05) the activity of pancreatic α‐amylase after 14 and 28 days of treatment, pancreatic glucoamylase after 28 days of treatment and ileal trehalase after 14 days of treatment. Similarly, interaction between extrusion and enzyme addition existed after 14 days of treatment on the activity of pancreatic α‐amylase and duodenal maltase and on the activity of duodenal glucoamylase and isomaltase, jejunal α‐amylase, lactase, maltase, isomaltase and jejunal α‐amylase after 28 days of treatment. In Experiment 2, six piglets (initially 21 ± 1.85 kg BW) fitted with ileal ‘T’‐cannulas in a 6 × 6 Latin Square Design were used to study the effects of extrusion and addition of exogenous enzymes on ileal carbohydrase activity and nutrients digestibility. The results showed that exogenous enzymes significantly (p < 0.05) increased ileal α‐amylase, glucoamylase and trehalase activity. The interaction between extrusion and enzyme supplementation had positive effect (p < 0.05) on the ileal lactase, cellobiase and sucrase activity.     

Growth performance, gastrointestinal microbial activity, and nutrient digestibility in early-weaned pigs fed diets containing flaxseed and carbohydrase enzyme

The effects of ground flaxseed (FS) and a multicarbohydrase enzyme (C) supplement on piglet performance, gastrointestinal microbial activity, and nutrient digestibility were investigated in a 28-d trial. The enzyme supplement provided 500 units of pectinase, 50 units of cellulase, 400 units of mannanase, 1,200 units of xylanase, 450 units of glucanase, and 45 units of galactanase per kilogram of diet. Ninety-six pigs were weaned at 17 d of age (BW, 6.1 +/- 0.4 kg, mean +/- SD) and assigned to treatments based on a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design, with 6 pens per diet (4 pigs per pen). The diets contained wheat, barley, peas, soybean meal, and canola meal with 0 or 12% FS, and were fed without or with C. Flaxseed was included by changing the levels of the other ingredients to balance the diets for DE and nutrients. Diets had similar nutrient contents and met the NRC (1998) nutrient specifications, with the exception of DE, CP, and AA, which were 95, 94, and 97% of the NRC requirements, respectively. Diets were fed in a 2-phase feeding program (2 wk/phase). Feed intake and BW were measured weekly, and 1 pig per pen with a BW nearest the pen average was bled weekly to evaluate plasma urea nitrogen. On d 28, fresh fecal samples were collected from each pen and 1 pig per pen with a BW nearest the pen average was killed to evaluate intestinal microbial activity and nutrient digestibility. A dietary effect on piglet performance was observed only in wk 3, when the FS diets decreased (P = 0.005) ADG and G:F, tended to decrease (P = 0.070) ADFI, and increased (P = 0.027) plasma urea nitrogen. An interaction between FS and C was observed for ileal digesta viscosity (P = 0.045), such that C increased viscosity in the FS diet but had no effect in the non-FS diet. Flaxseed and C interacted to affect ileal ammonia content (P = 0.049), such that in the absence of FS, pigs fed the diet with C had lower ammonia than those on the diet without C. Flaxseed and C affected other ileal parameters independently. Pigs fed the FS diets had decreased (P = 0.003 to 0.033) anaerobic spore counts, organic acid, DM, CP, and nonstarch polysaccharide (NSP) digestibility compared with pigs fed the non-FS diets, whereas pigs fed the C-supplemented diets had greater (P = 0.009 to 0.061) lactobacilli counts, lactate, DM, and NSP digestibility than pigs fed the unsupplemented diets. In conclusion, FS reduced ileal microbial activity, nutrient digestibilities, and piglet performance in wk 3. The multicarbohydrase supplement increased ileal DM and NSP digestibilities as well as lactobacilli counts and lactate.     

Effects of diets supplemented with organic acids and nucleotides on growth, immune responses and digestive tract development in weaned pigs

Sixty-eight (Experiment 1, 46 days feeding) and sixteen (Experiment 2, 21 days feeding) 21-days-old weaned pigs were allotted to four dietary treatments including control, 0.6% organic acids (OA), 0.1% nucleotides (NA) and 0.6% OA plus 0.1% NA for determining the dietary effects. In Experiment 1, OA enhanced peripheral blood mononuclear cells proliferation on day 28 and 46. The plasma immunoglobulin (Ig) A level was elevated by OA (p < 0.06) and NA (p < 0.07), respectively. In Experiment 2, NA increased plasma IgM level, and had an interactive effect with OA on ileal Peyer's patches and mesenteric lymph node lymphocyte proliferation, bile and plasma IgA levels, and jejunal crypt depth. NA elevated gastric pepsin and jejunal alkaline phosphatase activities, however, decreased ileal aminopeptidase N, sucrase or maltase activity. These results suggest that OA and NA have synergistically enhanced the gut-associated lymphocyte responses and NA modulates the digestive tract development of weaned pigs.     

肠道营养保健剂对弱僵猪生长性能、免疫机能及消化酶活性的影响

试验旨在研究肠道营养保健剂通过改善弱僵猪肠道功能,提高弱僵猪的生产性能的作用机制。选取30日龄杜长大三元杂交断奶弱僵猪80头,随机分为2个组(每组4个重复,每个重复10头猪),对照组饲喂清水与基础饲粮按照2∶1比例配制成的粥拌料;试验组饲喂肠道营养保健剂水溶液(1 kg/100 kg水)与基础饲粮按照2∶1比例配制成的粥拌料。试验期为21 d,并于试验第15天屠宰取样。结果表明:在试验1~7 d,肠道营养保健剂显著提高了弱僵猪的平均日增体质量(P<0.05),降低料重比;在8~21 d,显著降低了腹泻率和死亡率(P<0.05);肠道营养保健剂能显著降低白球比和尿素氮(P<0.05)含量,提高血清球蛋白IgA、IgM、IgG质量浓度(P>0.05)及肝脏和脾脏指数(P<0.05);肠道营养保健剂能降低弱僵猪胃pH值,提高胃蛋白酶的活性(P>0.05)。由此可见,肠道营养保健剂能提高弱僵猪的采食量、胃蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶活性、增强免疫机能、减少腹泻率和死淘率,从而提高了弱僵猪的生长性能。     

饲粮蛋白源对早期断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

试验选用64头25日龄杜×(大×长)三元杂交断奶仔猪,随机分为4组:A、B、C为试验组,分别用猪肠膜蛋白粉(DPS)、大豆浓缩蛋白(SPC)、喷雾干燥猪血浆蛋白粉(SDPP)部分取代基础饲粮的鱼粉;D为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮(玉米-豆粕-鱼粉)。试验从仔猪25日龄断奶开始,70日龄结束。结果显示:试验组日增重均显著高于对照组,其中B组比对照组高13.18%(P<0.05);A组、C组分别比对照组高11.53%(P<0.05)、4.43%(P<0.05);B组和A组日增重差异不显著(P>0.05),但均显著高于C组,分别高8.38%(P<0.05)、6.80%(P<0.05)。B组日采食量比对照组高4.82%(P<0.05),A组、C组与对照组相比,日采食量有提高的趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。A组、B组与对照组相比,料肉比有降低的趋势(P>0.05)。由此可见,本试验条件下,大豆浓缩蛋白、猪肠膜蛋白粉、猪血浆蛋白粉对早期(25日龄)断奶仔猪的饲喂效果均优于鱼粉,且大豆浓缩蛋白、猪肠膜蛋白粉对仔猪日增重的改善幅度大于喷雾干燥猪血浆蛋白粉(P<0.05)。     

复方中草药对斜带石斑鱼生长性能及消化酶活性的影响

以斜带石斑鱼(Epinephelus coioides)[初始体重为(19.72±0.22)g]为对象,分别向基础饲料中添加0%、0.5%、1.0%和2.0%复方中草药,研究对其生长性能、体成分及消化酶活力的影响。试验分4组(CK、F1、F2和F3),每组3个重复,每重复15尾鱼,饲养试验共42 d。结果表明:F1和F2组的增重率(WGR)显著高于对照组(P<0.05);F2组的特定生长率(SGR)、蛋白质效率(PER)、肥满度(CF)、肝体指数(HSI)也显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而饲料系数(FCR)和腹脂率(MSI)则显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。F2组粗脂肪含量和F3组灰分含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但各组水分和粗蛋白含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。F2组胃、肠和肝胰脏的蛋白酶和淀粉酶活力显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。本研究结果表明,在斜带石斑鱼饲料中添加1.0%的复方中草药,可明显提高石斑鱼生产性能和消化酶活力。     

酶制剂与微生态制剂联用对生长猪肠道消化酶活性的影响

以往研究酶制剂和微生态制剂对动物消化代谢的作用效果,常常分别以饲养试验作为主要的评判依据,本研究在猪日粮中添加创博富酶利生素,观察其对不同生长阶段动物消化道内源性消化酶活性的影响,旨在探讨两者联用的作用效果,为其在饲料中的合理应用提供试验依据。     

青海湖裸鲤肠道消化酶活性的研究

青海湖裸鲤(Gymnocypris przewalskii),又名湟鱼,属鲤科(Gyprinidae),裂腹鱼亚科(Schizothoraci-nae),裸鲤属(Gymnocypris),是高原特化的裂腹鱼中的裸鲤属分布在青海湖的唯一鱼种,也是青海湖地区重要的经济鱼类,属国家二类保护珍贵鱼类。由于青海湖特殊的高原地理环境,湖中盛产     

表达表皮生长因子的乳酸球菌对早期断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态学结构的影响

本试验旨在通过乳酸球菌表达和传递表皮生长因子(EGF)到早期断奶仔猪胃肠道内,以检验在断奶关键期重组猪EGF改善胃肠道形态,降低肠绒毛萎缩的可行性.选取21日龄表皮生长因子体重相近的仔猪108头分4个处理组,按2×2分组设计,即高质量+ EGF组(HE)、高质量组(HM)、低质量+EGF组(LE)和低质量组(LM).测试各组平均日增重以及小肠绒毛 和隐窝长度.HE组,HM组和LE组在整个试验期中的平均日增重(ADG)均高于LM组,其中LE组显著高于LM组(P＜0.05).十二指肠的绒毛高度前3组均极显著高于LM组(P＜0.01),空肠的绒毛高度和腺窝深度前3组的也都极显著高于LM组(P＜0.01).结果表明,重组猪EGF可以促进早期断奶仔猪的生长,促进小肠绒毛和隐窝的发育,同时,饲料营养水平也可显著影响早期断奶仔猪肠黏膜形态.     

日粮果寡糖对肉鸡生长性能、消化酶活性和短链脂肪酸的影响

通过日粮中添加果寡糖(FOS)测定其对肉鸡生长性能、消化酶活性和短链脂肪酸的影响,研究果寡糖在肉鸡生产中的应用效果。试验选取250只1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉公鸡,随机分为5个处理,每个处理5个重复,每个重复10只鸡。处理组CON为对照组,饲喂不添加果寡糖的基础日粮;处理组FOS_(125)、FOS_(250)、FOS_(500)、FOS_(1000)分别饲喂在基础日粮中添加125、250、500、1 000 mg/kg FOS的日粮。试验结果表明,与CON组相比,添加250 mg/kg FOS不仅能够显著提高肉鸡平均日采食量(P<0.05)和十二指肠食糜中淀粉酶活性(P<0.05),还能够提高22 d肉鸡盲肠食糜中戊酸含量。同时饲料中添加125 mg/kg和500 mg/kg FOS也能显著提高肉鸡盲肠食糜中戊酸含量(P<0.05)。由此可知,肉鸡饲料中果寡糖的最佳添加量为250 mg/kg。