农区鼠害发生规律及防治对策

通过对义县近十年来鼠害发生分布规律的详细调查分析，经过几年的防治实践，总结出一套对义县农区鼠害行之有效的防治方法，为全县减少粮食损失、提高农产品质量做出了积极贡献。     

使用种衣剂应注意的问题

使用种衣剂应注意的问题种衣剂是根据不同地区、不同作物苗期病虫鼠害发生规律及土地营养状况，采用不同的农药、微量元素、生长调节剂进行二元或多元复配，并用特殊配套试剂加工成的精细化工产品，它具有综合防治病虫鼠害及缺素症，提高产量，改进作物品质的作用。使用时...     

林业工程建设中林木种苗培育技术的应用分析

本文能以加快林业工程建设为前提，讨论林木种苗培育技术的应用。其次介绍了林业工程建设和林木种苗的关系，并立足于种苗基地与树种的选择、确定壮苗培育条件、苗木定向培育、苗木施肥、病虫害防治五个方面，提出了林木种苗培育技术的应用要点。最后阐述了常见的林木种苗培育技术和实际应用建议，总结了今后林木种苗培育技术的发展趋势，提高了林木种苗培育质量，以期能够为生态环境保护提供帮助。     

新时期生物防治技术在甘肃天水市林木病虫害防治中的应用分析

随着人们环境保护意识的提高，甘肃天水市林业管理已经迈上高质量发展阶段，但是林木病虫害依旧是阻碍甘肃天水市林业发展的主要因素之一。传统的病虫害防治方法在林木病虫害防控中存在着局限性，因此，生物防治技术在甘肃天水市林木病虫害防治中得到广泛推广。生物防治技术作为一种环保、可持续、高效的病虫害防控手段，具有广泛的应用前景，生物防治技术在病虫害防治中的应用可以有效保护林木资源，保护生物多样性。甘肃天水市在林木病虫害防治环节，应遵循保护与发展、防止与整治并行的原则，筑起生态环境安全保护天然屏障，推动经济和生态环境和谐发展。文章详细论述了生物防治技术在甘肃天水市林木病虫害防治中的应用。     

不同育苗方法对林木生长和幼苗品质的影响

随着全球森林资源的不断减少和环境问题的日益突出，林木育苗成为保护和恢复森林生态系统的重要手段。育苗方法作为影响林木生长和幼苗品质的关键因素之一，引起了广泛关注。不同育苗方法对林木生长和幼苗品质的影响是一个复杂而重要的研究领域。通过比较不同育苗方法在幼苗生长、根系发育、抗逆性能、光合作用等方面的差异，可以为林木育苗技术的改进和优化提供理论依据。此外，了解不同育苗方法对幼苗品质的影响，有助于选择合适的育苗方法，提高林木幼苗的生长质量和成活率，为森林生态系统的可持续发展提供支持。因此，研究不同育苗方法对林木生长和幼苗品质的影响具有重要的理论和实践意义。     

蚜虫对树木的危害及防治措施

为做好林木蚜虫防治工作，确保林木健康生长，该文结合实际情况，分析了蚜虫对树木的危害和防治对策。      

甘青4号青稞品种主要病虫草鼠害防治技术

青稞是甘南州的优势作物，是藏族的主要口粮，常年播种面积18万亩左右。甘青4号青稞品种是甘南州当前的主栽品种，常年播种面积12万亩左右，占青稞播种面积的66.7%。由于甘南州地形复杂，气候湿润，青稞病虫草鼠害种类多、危害重，常年损失在16%左右。怎样在有限的耕地条件下提高青稞单产，是农技推广工作者当前解决的生产问题。笔者通过多年的农技推广实践和试验示范，提出了“甘青4号青稞品种主要病虫草鼠害防治技术”，以期为甘南藏区青稞生产提供参考。     

基于Penman-Monteith模型的杨树日蒸腾模拟

研究半干旱地区林木的实际蒸腾量，对研究防护林密度调整、提高林木水分利用率及林分稳定有着重要的理论意义。忽略大气热层结问题，考虑气压订正，利用冠层整体气孔阻力rsT代替冠层阻力rst，将蒸散面净辐射限定于冠层截留净辐射Rnl，在林木气孔阻力等实测数据的基础上，应用修正后的Penman-Monteith模型和常规气象数据进行生长季林木蒸腾量的连续的模拟计算。结果表明，提出的参数处理方法符合蒸腾的变化规律，与典型实测结果对比，模拟的相对误差平均在5％以内，具有较好的实用价值。     

基于Penman-Monteth模型的杨树

研究半干旱地区林木的实际蒸腾量，对研究防护林密度调整、提高林木水分利用率及林分稳定有着重要的理论意义。忽略大气热层结问题，考虑气压订正，利用冠层整体气孔阻力rsT代替冠层阻力rst，将蒸散面净辐射限定于冠层截留净辐射Rnl，在林木气孔阻力等实测数据的基础上，应用修正后的Penman-Monteith模型和常规气象数据进行生长季林木蒸腾量的连续的模拟计算。结果表明，提出的参数处理方法符合蒸腾的变化规律，与典型实测结果对比，模拟的相对误差平均在5％以内，具有较好的实用价值。     

农区鼠害发生规律及防治对策

通过对义县近十年来鼠害发生分布规律的详细调查分析,经过几年的防治实践,总结出一套对义县农区鼠害行之有效的防治方法,为全县减少粮食损失、提高农产品质量做出了积极贡献.     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。