共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 218 毫秒
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杂交水稻品种改良的遗传基础和途径 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
阐述了杂交稻稻米品质的特点以及各品质性状的遗传特征,指出选育优质杂交组合必须以收集优质亲本资源为前提,并通过杂交选育、回交选育以及群体改良等手段加以改进,在创造出更为优良的亲本(不育系与恢复系)之后,采用优质亲本与中等或中等偏上米质的亲本配组,可以选育出适合广大群众所需要的普食型高产优质组合;采用优质亲本配优质亲本,可以选育出符合特殊消费和出口要求的高档优质组合。 相似文献
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以4个不育系和5个恢复系及其所配20个杂交组合为材料,研究了杂交粳稻的食味品质相关性状与其亲本的关系。结果表明,供试亲本间整精米率、蛋白质含量和糊化特性值均存在显著差异,从平均值来看,恢复系的整精米率高于不育系,而食味及其相关性状不如不育系,杂交组合的各项指标偏向于恢复系;整精米率、垩白米率、碎米率、蛋白质含量、食味评分、最高粘度、最低粘度、崩解值以及米饭的粘度、味道综合评价值等性状在恢复系与杂交组合间以及双亲均值与杂交组合间均呈显著或极显著正相关,而各性状在不育系与杂交组合间的相关性均不显著。要提高杂交粳稻的食味品质,应重点选育蛋白质含量低、糊化特性好和食味优的恢复系。 相似文献
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籼型三系杂交水稻米质现状研究 总被引:44,自引:8,他引:44
以具广泛代表性的6 个不育系和9 个恢复系及其配制的54 个组合为材料研究了现有籼型三系杂交水稻米质状况。结果表明,参试组合的大多数米质性状均表现良好:在分析的11 个性状中有5 个(糙米率、精米率、精米长、糊化温度、直链淀粉含量)全部达到部颁二级优质米标准,2 个性状(精米长宽比和蛋白质含量)二级达标率在77.8% 以上。但在垩白粒率、垩白大小、整精米率、胶稠度等4 个性状上达标率低,存在明显的不足。提出了在杂交稻优质育种中不育系应注重降低垩白、提高胶稠度,恢复系应把降低垩白粒率、提高整精米率作为主攻目标,兼顾蛋白质含量的改善。 相似文献
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对优质杂交籼稻丰优香占(粤丰A/R6547)及其亲本的特征特性和品质分析结果表明,丰优香占糙米率、长宽比、透明度、直链淀粉含量和碱消值接近双亲中值;整精米率明显高于双亲中值,偏向于高值亲本;垩白粒率、垩白度和胶稠度明显低于双亲中值,偏向于低值亲本;香味源自母本。针对杂交稻米垩白粒率高、垩白度大和胶稠度低的突出问题,提出优质杂交籼稻育种的关键是选育优质不育系和优质恢复系,特别是优质不育系的选育,通过广泛收集水稻种质资源,筛选理想材料作亲本,对现有不育系和恢复系进行遗传改良,优化组配,可达到培育优质杂交籼稻的目标。 相似文献
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安徽省三系杂交籼稻育种现状与展望 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
综述了安徽省20a来三系杂交籼稻的育种成就和存在问题,指出今后的育种目标应主攻早熟、优质、超高产,并选育适于机械化制种和耐旱的组合;技术路线上早杂以选育早熟恢复系,中晚杂以选育优质不育系,亚种间组合以选育广亲和不育系为主。 相似文献
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To improve grain quality of the high-yielding hybrid rice in China, we introduced the aromatic rice MR365, an improved Indian cultivar with aroma and other desirable grain quality characters such as long grain and low chalkiness, from IRRI in 1984 and began to transfer its aroma and good quality characters into the existing maintainer lines with good combining ability but poor grain quality. In the meantime, we also conducted the research on the inheritance of aroma for increasing the breeding efficiency. Through years of research and breeding practices, two cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines Xiangxiang 2 A and Xinxiang A and a series of quasi-aromatic hybrids mated from these aromatic CMS lines have been developed and released for commercial production in China. It was found that the inheritance of aroma in MR 365 and its derivatives including Xiangxiang 2 A, Xinxiang A and Xiang 2B S was controlled by one pair of recessive major genes based on the identification of aroma by the KOH-soaking method. We also found that there existed disparity in aroma degree among different grains of F2 generation, and different aromatic CMS lines derived from the same aromatic donor such as Xiangxiang 2 A and Xinxiang A had also a little difference in the degree of aroma, which implies that, besides the major genes, aroma may also be affected by the genetic backgrounds or minor genes. Xiangxiang 2 A, developed from the cross of V20A∥V20B/MR365, is the first aromatic CMS line bred in China. It is not only aromatic but has good grain quality and combining ability. Using it as female parent, Xiangyou 63 (Xiangxiang 2A/Minghui 63), the first quasi-aromatic hybrid rice combination in China, was developed and approved to release to farmers in 1995. Xiangyou 63 is characteristic of quasi-aromatic or partially aromatic (because only a portion of or NOT ALL grains are aromatic), good grain quality, high-yielding ability, good blast resistance and wide adaptability. However, Xiangxiang 2 A has an evident drawback, i.e., instablility in male sterility under higher temperature conditions resulting from the existence of restoring minor genes in it, which greatly hampered the extension of its elite hybrid Xiangyou 63 with both high yield and fine quality in commercial production. To improve Xiangxiang 2 A, we made hybridization of Xiangxiang 2 B with V20 B again in 1990. A new aromatic CMS line Xinxiang A was successfully developed in 1994. It not only retains the favorable characteristics of Xiangxiang 2 A in grain quality and combining ability, but also expresses complete and stable male sterility and high seed production yield potential. Up to now, by using it as female parent, a series of quasi-aromatic hybrids have been developed. Some of them such as Xinxiangyou 63 (Xinxiang A/Minghui 63), Xinxiangyou 77 (Xinxiang A/Minghui 77), Xinxiangyou 80 (Xinxiang A/R80), Xinxiangyou 207 (Xinxiang A/R207) and Xinxiangyou 96 (Xinxiang A/R96) have been released to farmers. Such hybrids have been preferred and well welcome by the farmers in China, because they can not only yield higher or as high as but also possess a better grain quality than the current common high-yielding hybrid rice varieties, especially, they are naturally-mixed aromatic rice so that it can be consumed daily just like non-aromatic common rice. The planting area under these hybrids is increasing rapidly in China. It is expected that the quasi-aromatic hybrid rice will have a good prospect in the coming years. 相似文献
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光身杂交稻选育研究进展 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8
利用美国光身稻种质资源,培育出野败型三系光身杂交稻配套亲本光香A、B和光身R及光身光温敏核不育系光S,并用其配组率先育成一批三系光身杂交稻组合,如光香优德87、光香优602、光香优613等;还选配出一批非光身的优质高产三系杂交稻新组合如光香优7号、光香优13和光香优6号以及两系杂交稻组合光两优113和光两优193等.光身杂交稻及其配套亲本的选育成功,将进一步促进水稻亚种间杂种优势利用,可望实现我国杂交稻育种在米质、产量、抗性和适应性方面新的突破. 相似文献
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冈型及D型杂交稻的选育、利用和遗传研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
冈型及D型杂交稻是冈型及D型各同质不育系组配成的一群杂交稻。冈型及D型不育系是通过籼亚种内品种间杂交途径,育成有生产价值的雄性不育系的首例,是继野败型、BT型杂交稻之后大面积投产的非野败胞质的新型不育系。它为培育水稻雄性不育系,开发新胞质源展示了新的可行途径,开始打破杂交水稻生产上单一野败胞质的局面,经济、社会、生态效益均十分显著。在组配中,早熟杂交稻的恢复系和改良不育系异交习性的保持东选育上也获较好效果。比较系统观察了细胞质效应在不育系主要性状、小孢子败育进程、过氧化物酶同功酶谱、可恢复性、组配杂种F1性状以及杂种后代育性表达分离等的影响,表明水稻品种细胞质源的遗传多样性,并对不育系及其组配杂种F1性状形成有特定遗传效应。在杂种组配规律研究上,观察到杂种性状观察值与父母本的一般配合力和特殊配合力相对效应值之和(即总效应值),呈显著线性关系,另根据其父母本的一般配合力相对效应值之和,粗放预测杂种性状优势的可信度,也是高的,对单株产量等性状实际观察值的检验表明.杂种亲本即不育系、恢复系须选择一般配合力高或中者,才有可能获较强优势杂种。关于水稻育性遗传也进行了研究和探讨。 相似文献
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水稻亚种间优质米组合的选育初报 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对籼粳交组合及其亲本的稻米品质进行了分析,结果表明:在选育水稻亚种间优质米组合时,亲本中必须有1个优质米亲本,另一个为高产中等米质亲本;配制偏粳组合时,最好选用粳型不育系作母本;反之,配制偏籼组合时,应选用籼型不育系作母本;双亲垩白度都高的亲本不宜选用;另外,在选配偏粳组合时,不宜选用直链淀粉含量高(24%以上)的籼稻作父本,最好直链淀粉含量在20%以下。 相似文献