植物生长调节剂“易丰收”对月季扦插及幼苗生长发育的影响

[目的]研究植物生长调节剂“易丰收”对月季扦插及扦插幼苗生长发育的影响。[方法]以切花月季品种‘红色恋曲’为试验材料,采用扦插蘸根和苗床喷施2种方式,分别设计浓度梯度进行对比分析。[结果]不同稀释浓度的“易丰收”对月季扦插苗成活率及根系生长均有不同程度的促进作用,“易丰收”原液稀释至0.25 ml/L时,扦插蘸根效果最好,扦插苗成活率、根数及根系活力均达到显著增长;稀释至0.033 ml/L时,苗床喷施效果最好,幼苗的根鲜重最高,比对照增加达到显著水平。[结论]使用“易丰收”能有效提高月季扦插成活率及幼苗长势,显著提高月季幼苗,尤其是根系的生长发育。     

油茶无性系扦插育苗成效研究

[目的]探寻油茶无性系扦插育苗与保留不同叶面积的关系。【方法】采用随机区组设计法对油茶不同无性系扦插育苗与保留不同叶面积之间的关系进行研究。【结果】3个油茶无性系、4个处理扦插育苗当年成活率在74．1％-86．3％之间,其中A,B1处理扦插成活率较高,达86.3％;各处理扦插苗当年抽梢率和抽梢高度均低,3个油茶无性系、4个处理扦插苗抽梢率和抽梢高度分别仅0．4％～3．2％和1．2—2．3cm。[结论]油茶无性系扦插育苗宜选择B,处理．即1片叶子保留1／2叶片面积。     

不同杉木萌芽条密度对营造马尾松林分的影响

杉木连栽容易导致地力衰退,马尾松具有耐瘠薄能力强,具有在杉木采伐迹地更新应用的潜力。通过不同杉木萌芽条与马尾松密度的造林研究,测定了不同造林密度组合的杉木、马尾松胸径、树高,分析了各组合的造林效果。结果表明杉木萌芽条控制在1200～1800株/hm2,可以促进马尾松生长。根据杉木、马尾松生长特点,总结了杉木迹地更新马尾松的主要栽培方式。     

台湾牛樟引种造林试验初报

在福建省平和国强国有林场、龙海林下国有林场开展不同立地环境条件下台湾牛樟引种造林试验,结果表明,采取1年生扦插容器苗造林,造林成活率为80%~100%,幼苗生长健壮,具有较强的环境适应能力。台湾牛樟幼林调查表现为较低造林密度、低海拔、土壤疏松肥沃的丘陵地林木生长较好,早期生长具有良好的速生性,造林第7年的树高生长量达160~170 cm。幼林在引种地能安全越冬,抗病、虫害能力强,树形优美,可美化景观,在漳州地区低山丘陵、中高山地区均可种植。     

青檀嫩枝扦插技术研究

[目的]提高青檀嫩枝扦插的成活率。[方法]以青檀嫩枝为试材,研究不同激素浓度、插穗不同长度和粗度以及不同扦插基质对青檀嫩枝扦插生根率的影响。[结果]结果表明,NAA1 000 mg/L处理过的嫩枝枝条生根率最高,为92.1%;长度为13 cm以上、粗度为0.5~0.7 cm的插穗扦插后各方面表现最好;利用草炭土+珍珠岩=1∶1的混合基质进行扦插,其生根状况明显好于中河沙和普通园土。[结论]研究结果为青檀嫩枝扦插提供了技术参考。     

大理多花山矾扦插繁育技术研究

[目的]研究提高多花山矾（Symplocos ramosissima）插穗生根率和生根质量的方法。[方法]以大理多花山矾枝条为材料,探讨不同生长调节剂、育苗基质对扦插苗生根和移植生长的影响,并筛选出扦插苗苗期适宜基肥施用量,以提高扦插苗移植的成活率。[结果]扦插前将穗条在ABT 400 mg/L+IAA 200 mg/L的混合溶液中浸蘸30 s,可以获得较好的成活率和生根效果。选取66.7%园土+33.3%椰糠混合基质进行移植,可促进多花山矾扦插苗的成活以及生长。适合多花山矾扦插苗的基肥施用最佳方案为复合肥2 g/株+复合生物菌剂1 g/株。[结论]研究得出适宜多花山矾扦插苗成活及生长的生长调节剂、育苗基质及基肥,可为多花山矾苗木生产提供良好的技术支撑。     

基质及生根粉处理对9个木槿品种扦插繁殖的影响

[目的]研究基质与生根粉处理对木槿扦插生根的影响。[方法]以9个木槿品种为研究对象,剪取一年生健壮、无病害木槿枝条,进行ABT生根粉浸泡后不同基质插穗试验,对生根率、平均生根数、平均根长等指标进行测定。[结果]泥炭土∶珍珠岩=7∶3是适宜大部分木槿品种扦插的基质。生根粉处理的756个插穗中,生根插穗515个,生根率达68.12%,平均生根数5.77条,平均根长5.62 cm,最长不定根长9.54 cm,分别比对照组提高9.39%、19.46%、11.95%和7.19%。综合考虑生根粉、基质2种因素,‘红色法国酒馆’‘紫色法国酒馆’‘薰衣草雪纺’在泥炭土∶珍珠岩=7∶3基质中生根率和根系指标最高。重瓣花类型木槿扦插生根各指标均优于单瓣和半重瓣花类型木槿,而不同花色类型木槿扦插在生根率及根系指标上无显著差异。[结论]对优新木槿品种的应用推广具有重要意义。     

不同滩涂高程对秋茄造林效果影响的研究

由于潮汐水位的影响,在不同滩涂高程处造林,秋茄的幼苗生长状况和成活率不同。通过在试验地上布设7条不同滩面高程样带进行造林对比试验,结果表明,内滩(高程1.3~1.6 m)生长最好,造林保存率为91%;中滩(高程0.8~1.0 m)生长次之,造林保存率为71.5%;外滩(高程0.2~0.6 m)全部死亡。方差分析结果表明,不同滩涂高程秋茄幼苗生长差异显著。说明滩涂高程是影响秋茄幼苗生长和造林保存率的重要因素,当滩涂高程高于0.8 m时,适宜秋茄的造林。     

油茶林火灾后截干植株萌芽情况分析

[目的]更好地指导油茶林受火灾后的恢复.[方法]以截干植株为材料,采用单因素方差分析的方法,对植株的萌芽情况进行了调查分析.[结果]植株易从低于20 cm底部萌芽,萌芽率达到82.78％,显著高于其他部位,且受灾后120 d调查,低于20 cm底部萌芽条平均长度达到27.78 cm,显著高于50 cm以上萌芽的长度.植...     

枫香不同基质扦插试验研究

[目的]为满足城乡绿化、美化的需要,对枫香进行不同基质扦插试验研究。、[方法]通过对6种不同基质（栽培基质与生根粉）的扦插对比试验,找出最经济、扦插生活率最高的的快繁技术、[结果]扦插基质为蛭石、ABT2号生根粉300mg／kg中浸30min处理的枫香苗扦插成活率最高。[结论]以蛭石为扦插基质,ABT2号生根粉处理后的扦插苗成活率较高,可为枫香扦插研究提供参考。     

芦笋壮苗的基质配比研究

[目的]研究不同基质配比对芦笋育苗的影响,寻找出芦笋育苗最理想的基质配比。[方法]设置成品有机质、成品基质、田土不同配比的4个处理,对出苗率、成苗率、株高、茎粗、地上茎数、储藏根数、茎叶鲜重、根鲜重、单株鲜重进行测量分析。[结果]成品有机质∶成品基质∶田土=1∶1∶1(体积比)为最好基质配比,株高(19.67 cm)、地上茎数(3.33条)、茎粗(1.17 mm)、储藏根数(5.27条)、单株重(2.15 g)、茎叶重(0.77 g)、根重(1.38 g)表现都很好,达到壮苗标准。[结论]可以开展该基质配比的芦笋育苗示范。     

茶树种苗工厂化快速繁育技术

本文在全自动智能化温室内,按组培+温室培育和直接温室扦插培育两条技术路线,采用不同材料进行了茶树工厂化育苗试验。结果表明,以田间材料为组培起始物时,春季新梢第三腋芽萌发率最好,每周期增殖率可达2.75倍左右,成苗率在20%以上,直接移植生根率为成活小苗的90%左右。一年双季育苗试验表明,春夏季育苗在3月中旬开始,5个月后,茶苗高度达20.4±8.3βcm,练苗后移栽成活率近100%;秋冬季育苗在8~9月初开始,冬季完成根系建立,开春后达20βcm以上高度,练苗后移栽;施肥处理茶苗高度的增加量是不施肥对照的5.9倍。     

插条粗细对苎麻低位分枝扦插苗成苗率及麻苗素质的影响

以中苎1号、湘苎3号、多倍体1号和新品系R057苎麻品种（系）为材料,研究了插条粗细对苎麻低位分枝扦插苗的成苗率、单株根干重、主茎高度增加量及分枝特性的影响。结果表明：4个苎麻品种（系）低位分枝扦插苗的成苗率、主茎高度增加量和单株根干重都表现为扦插粗细0.6 cm〉0.8 cm〉0.4 cm,且不同插条粗细处理间差异显著;分枝数、最低和最高分枝位长也表现出相同的趋势。综合考虑,在进行苎麻低位分枝扦插苗培育时,扦插苗的粗细以0.6 cm较为理想。虽然不同品种在各个性状上表现各不相同,但从成苗率、单株分枝数和最低分枝位这3个最关键的性状上看,新品系R057表现最好,多倍体1号次之。     

SaNHX耐盐基因转化红麻T_1代的耐盐性初步鉴定

为鉴定转导SaNHX耐盐基因T1代980个红麻株系的耐盐性,本研究对980个株系在福州进行耐盐性鉴定和筛选,并对筛选出的9个耐盐T1代株系进行PCR检测和不同盐浓度水培和盆栽初步鉴定。通过调查转基因T1代在盐胁迫条件下的发芽率、出苗率、幼苗生长情况,对转基因后代的耐盐水平进行评价。结果表明：（1）转耐盐基因红麻T1代9个株系在0.71%的处理下,种子发芽率和生长势明显优于未转导对照红麻。苗高、苗重和根长分别比对照提高了2.04cm,0.23g和3.7cm。（2）0.3%、0.5%和0.71%三个不同盐浓度胁迫5天、10天、15天三个处理试验的方差分析表明,耐盐转基因T1代的株系幼苗成活率明显高于普通对照,差异均达极显著水平,其中编号176株系最佳;（3）在0.71%盐胁迫处理下,生长10天的T1代红麻幼苗苗高、苗重和根长与对照存在显著差异。在9个转基因株系中,176号植株最好,其苗高、苗重和根长的增长量分别比对照提高5.47cm、0.72g和4.54cm。     

广东地区铁皮石斛茎段扦插繁殖技术研究初报

为解决铁皮石斛常规扦插繁殖存在的整齐度差、成苗量偏少的生产问题,本单位自2009年起开展铁皮石斛药剂浸泡结合暗处理的复合技术研究。通过几年的努力,总结出适合广东地区生产应用的复合扦插繁殖技术;铁皮石斛茎段萌芽率由原来的20%～30%提高到60%以上,基本解决了常规扦插繁殖存在的问题;短期内批量生产出生长整齐、适合生产栽种的优质种苗。表明该技术具有良好的应用前景。     

马利筋引种繁殖技术探究

[目的]为丰富四川地区宿根花卉品种,从云南引进马利筋至四川地区,研究其引种栽培繁殖方法.[方法]采用扦插、播种、分根等繁殖技术,比较马利筋引种扩繁的成活率.[结果]从云南引种的马利筋能够在四川种植并进行繁殖.在秋季对马利筋进行扦插繁殖,成活率为100％;在春季对马利筋进行播种繁殖,成活率高达91％;冬末春初时,对马利筋...     

Water use and water-use efficiency of perennial ryegrass swards as affected by the height and frequency of cutting and seed rate

The effects of cutting height (20 and 44 mm), frequency (once every 2 weeks April-September inclusive and twice a year) and seed rate (250 and 20 kg ha^-1) on the water use and herbage yield of perennial ryegrass swards, for 3 years after sowing, were compared.
Frequent cutting and a low cutting height reduced water use in the first year only. In later years infrequent cutting led to higher yields and higher water-use efficiencies, but did not affect total water use or the shape of the soil water profile. Seed rate influenced sward composition and the pattern of water use, but not total water use. The swards from the low seed rate had a lower stubble biomass and tiller density, and extracted relatively more water at depths of 75 and 85 cm and less at depths of 15 and 35 cm, than the swards derived from the high seed rate.
The ratio of actual: potential evapotranspiration was reduced as the soil water deficit increased and was lowest in the summer after a dry spring. Cutting height and frequency during summer were shown not to be effective methods of either conserving water or manipulating the effective rooting depth of an established sward.     

The production and persistency of different grass species cut at different heights

The effect of two heights of cutting (5 and 8 cm) on the dry matter harvested and persistency of a range of different grass species and varieties were monitored over a 3-year period (1976 to 1978). Dry matter harvested was measured in the second and third harvest year and persistence of sown grass was assessed at the end of the first and third harvest year. The grasses were managed under a frequent cutting system, i.e. simulated grazing. Results showed that at the low cutting height tetraploid hybrid ryegrasses and diploid Italian ryegrasses in the third harvest year gave lower annual dry matter harvests of sown grass and were less persistent than at the high cutting height, whilst, in contrast, perennial ryegrasses gave higher annual harvests of sown grass but persistency was unaffected. In general at the low cutting height varieties of cocksfoot, meadow fescue and tall fescue gave comparatively higher annual harvests of sown grass in the second harvest year but lower yields of sown grass in the third harvest year. A notable exception was Cambria cocksfoot which in the second harvest year gave higher yields of sown grass and was more persistent at the low cutting height.
However, at 5 cm cutting height, the proportions of weed grasses (mainly Poa spp.) in swards sown to tetraploid hybrid ryegrasses and diploid Italian ryegrasses were generally greater, particularly in mid-season.     

THE EFFECTS OF CHANGES IN HEIGHTS OF CUTTING AND GROWTH ON THE DIGESTIBLE ORGANIC MATTER PRODUCTION AND BOTANICAL COMPOSITION OF PERENNIAL PASTURE

Irrigated plots of a mixed sward of Lolium perenne, Paspalum dilatatum, Bromus unioloides, Dactylis glomerata and Trifolium repens were used in 2 experiments during 4 years. In the first experiment, die treatments comprised factorial combinations of heights of cutting of 3, 6 and 10 cm (1.2, 2.4 and 3.9 in.) above ground level, and heights of growth of 5, 13 and 20 cm (20, 5.1 and 8.0 in.) above the height of cutting. In the second experiment, 8 combinations of dose (3 cm or 1.2 in.) or lax (10 cm or 3.9 in.) cutting were applied at various times during each year. In the first experiment, DM production for cutting heights of 3, 6 and 10 cm was 50, 44 and 43 t/ha (198,17.5 and 171 ton/ac), respectively; the DOM production was 37, 32 and 32 t/ha (147, 12.7 and 12.7 ton/ac). DM production for growth heights of 5, 13 and 20 cm was 45, 46 and 48 t/ha (17.9, 183 and 191 ton/ac), respectively. DOM production, 34 t/ha (13.5 ton/ac), was not affected by height of growth. Percentages of protein (26, 22 and 20) and DOM (76, 72 and 71) declined as the height of growth was increased; but cutting height produced no significant effects in them. As cutting height was increased the percentage of clover declined (40, 31 and 23) and that of grasses increased (52, 66 and 72); diere were smaller changes with changes in height of growth. Hie second experiment showed that the difference between close and lax cutting became significant only when lax cutting was applied for at least half of the cuts each year. DM production was similar for treatments witii the same number of close or lax cuts, regardless of the time of year at which the two heights of cutting were applied.