海南省发展莲雾的优势与前景探讨

阐述莲雾植物形态、生态学特性、营养价值及药用价值,探讨海南省发展莲雾的优势及前景,为今后海南省莲雾的发展提供依据。     

长泰县莲雾冻(寒)害指标初探及气候区划

冬季低温冻(寒)害是莲雾生产的主要气象灾害,根据最低气温资料及冻(寒)害调查资料,对莲雾冻(寒)害低温指标进行研究,莲雾的冻寒害分为5级,以年极端最低气温确定莲雾气候区划指标,利用GIS信息技术制作长泰县莲雾种植气候区划,分为次适宜种植区、限制种植区、不适宜种植区。为莲雾冻害监测预警及科学种植提供参考。     

盐碱地莲雾栽培技术探析

在介绍莲雾生长习性的基础上,从盐碱地土壤改良出发,阐述了盐碱地莲雾栽培技术,包括定植、水分管理、扩穴、施肥、整形修剪及病虫害防治等方面,为盐碱地改良利用及地方经济创收提供了借鉴.     

反季节莲雾叶片养分周年变化规律初探

研究了反季节莲雾叶片养分周年变化规律,结果表明：莲雾开花对叶片N、P、Mg 含量有一定影响,而叶片K、Ca含量受莲雾果实生长发育影响较大;在莲雾幼果期和壮果期喷施叶面肥对于补充叶片Ca、Mg含量有一定效果。并根据不同时期莲雾叶片养分含量的变化提出施肥建议。     

白裙赭夜蛾的研究

白裙赭夜蛾是莲雾的主要害虫，幼虫为害叶片呈缺刻状，严重发生时可将叶片吃光。此虫一年发生１２代，一代需时２７－４４ｄ。发生严重时可喷９０％敌百虫８００倍液防治。     

台湾莲雾栽培现状及研究进展

目前台湾莲雾栽培面积达９５７６公顷，平均年产量１５００００吨，栽培区分布于全省１５个县，其中屏东县是该省莲莲的主产区，栽培面积达８４４４公顷，占全省总面积８８．１８％，台湾莲雾栽培的主要目标是促进早花及提高果实品质，其成败与土壤肥力及树体营养状况的关系级为密切。本文详细阐述了台湾莲雾栽培的研究成果，对我国大陆热区发展这一热带水果及科学研究均有借鉴作用。     

台湾黑珍珠莲雾寒(冻)害气象指标研究

为给台湾黑珍珠莲雾寒(冻)害气象监测预报预警和种植区划等提供气象指标依据,利用2009-2016年台湾黑珍珠莲雾田间移植试验和果园调查的寒(冻)害资料,采用归类法和数理统计处理方法对漳州市不同区域黑珍珠莲雾的寒(冻)害等级与极端最低气温资料进行分析,确定黑珍珠莲雾寒(冻)害的气象等级指标。结果表明:黑珍珠莲雾寒(冻)害等级与极端最低气温之间存在极显著的负相关,黑珍珠莲雾果树的无、轻、中、重和严重寒(冻)害气象等级对应的极端最低气温指标阈值(Td)分别为:Td>5.0℃、1.9℃相似文献   

莲雾产期调控技术

莲雾产期调控技术关键是花芽分化的控制，主要包括控梢和催花2个阶段。控梢措施有修剪、环剥、遮光、断根、灌水及这些措施的综合运用，催花措施是药物催花。催花后要注意做好保湿、修剪和施肥工作，以提高莲雾产期调控的精准度和成功率。     

莲雾盆栽技术

本文介绍莲雾盆栽的品种要求、苗木繁殖、上盆、栽培管理、产期调节及病虫害防治等方面的经验。     

黑珍珠莲雾寒(冻)害低温指标初探

根据2008-2014年地理移植试验资料、冬季果园寒(冻)害调查资料和寒(冻)害形态学等级,采用数理统计方法,对黑珍珠莲雾寒(冻)害低温指标进行研究,初步确定了黑珍珠莲雾果树的轻、中、重、严重寒(冻)害低温指标,结果为3~10℃、0~3℃、-2~0℃、小于-2℃。结果可为黑珍珠莲雾寒(冻)害监测预警、种植区划和相关研究提供参考。     

海南岛油梨树的害虫

记录了海南岛油梨对害虫４３种，并对重要种类角盲蝽、樟脊网蝽、红带蓟马、中喙丽金龟及梨豹蠹蛾的形态、为害特性及生物学作了记述。     

海南岛荔枝、龙眼害虫种类名录

采用田间调查和室内饲养相结合的方法对海南岛儋州、白沙、乐东、五指山、琼海、保亭、陵水、澄迈、海口等地的荔枝龙眼树害虫种类进行了系统调查,调查结果显示,海南岛共有荔枝龙眼害虫(螨)100种,分属于昆虫纲的蜚蠊目、等翅目、直翅目、同翅目、缨翅目、半翅目、双翅目、鞘翅目、鳞翅目及蛛形纲的真螨目共2个纲、10个目,47个科。     

海南省茶树害虫名录

采用田间调查和室内饲养相结合的方法,对海南省儋州、白沙、琼中(岭头、新伟)、五指山等茶场的茶树害虫种类进行系统调查。根据调查结果,共鉴定海南省茶树害虫(螨)100种,分属于蜚蠊目、等翅目、鳞翅目、同翅目、鞘翅目、半翅目、双翅目、直翅目、缨翅目、蜱螨目共10目40科,并记述了每种害虫的分布及为害情况。     

广西南宁地区龙眼害虫群落结构及其动态研究

根据龙眼害虫群落内部物种的组成和数量，采用群落的几个参数进行分析和探讨群落内部的演替规律。结果表明，为害龙眼的害虫有３１科６７属７６种。优势种有１３种。每年３－９月是主要害虫发生为害高峰期。是生产中防治的重要。多样性指数以５、６月份最高。２月份最低。害虫生物学特性、树龄、气候条件和生态环境等都是影响害虫群落结构的主要因子。     

海南岛的腰果害虫

本文记录了海南岛56种腰果害虫之分布及为害,并对其中的重要害虫腰果角盲蝽、脊胸天牛、咖啡胖天牛及腰果云翅斑螟的形态、生物学习性及防治作了记述。     

Farmers’ knowledge, perceptions and management of vegetable pests and diseases in Botswana

Vegetable farmers’ knowledge and perceptions of pests, diseases and pest management practices were investigated by interviewing 112 growers in Botswana between April and June 2004. Most of the farmers grew brassicae crops, Swiss chard and tomato, and considered arthropod pest problems as the major constraint to vegetable production. Bagrada hilaris Burm., Plutella xylostella L. and Brevicoryne barassicae L. were the most serious pests on brassicas, with red spidermites (Tetranychus spp.) being the most serious pests on tomato. Ninety-eight percent of farmers relied heavily on the use of synthetic pesticides to control these pests. Their decision to apply pesticides was mostly on noticing the presence of a pest or disease. An integrated pest management programme is needed to reduce over reliance on pesticides.     

Farmers’ knowledge and perceptions of pests in agroforestry with particular reference to Alnus species in Kabale district, Uganda

Ugandan farmers were interviewed in order to investigate their knowledge, perceptions and ability to manage pests in agroforestry generally and on Alnus species particularly. Farmers’ ability to recognise pest problems on Alnus species was significantly influenced by their length of experience in cultivating the species, but not their age, sex or formal education. Most farmers (77%) were aware of pest problems on Alnus species. However, identification of pest problems was based largely on damage type rather than causal agents. Whereas farmers had good knowledge of vertebrate pests of Alnus, insects and diseases that infest the tree species were unknown to most farmers. Apis mellifera damage on Alnus was the most frequently described damage, but its cause was either unknown or misdiagnosed. Most farmers did not control insect and disease infestations on Alnus because they did not know the causal agents and/or appropriate control measures. Farmers were generally more knowledgeable on insect and disease infestations on crops than on multipurpose tree species (MPTS) and most of them (98%) perceived that crops suffer more damage from such pests than do MPTS. However, farmers’ ability to manage insect pests and diseases seemed weak on both crops and MPTS. Most farmers suggested the use of pesticides to combat pests, but they mentioned only one insecticide, permethrin and one fungicide, mancozeb. More alarming were the suggestions by a few farmers on the use of mancozeb against aphids, and permethrin to combat crop wilt and dieback. Farmers need to be educated about diagnosis, basic ecology and management strategies for both crop and tree pests to ensure sustainable pest control in agroforestry.     

海南岛芒果树害虫天敌昆虫复合体的初步研究

记录了海南岛芒果树害虫的天敌昆虫25种。它们是捕食性天敌广腹螳螂、中华螳螂、叉角厉蝽、锥盾菱猎蝽、黄带犀猎蝽、南盲猎蝽、细缘唇瓢虫、六斑月瓢虫、丽草蛉、中华草蛉、亚非草蛉;寄生性天敌黄足大腿蜂、刺蛾广肩小蜂、粘虫广肩小蜂、黑褐金小蜂、夜蛾啮小蜂、尾夜蛾跳小蜂、叶蝉柄翅小蜂、刺蛾隆缘姬蜂、食蚜蝇姬蜂、刺蛾绒茧蜂、毒蛾绒茧蜂、黑斑茧蜂、善飞狭颊寄蝇及印度栉(虫扇)。对这些天敌的捕食或寄生对象、采集地及3种发生数量较多的寄生性天敌的形态及生物学特性亦作了记述。     

腰果蛀果斑螟的发生与防治

在海南岛南部,腰果蛀果斑螟(Nephoptefyx sp.)一年发生9代。田间始见期为10—11月,末见期为7月中下旬。4—6月是该虫大发生为害期,田间虫果率为20～60％。 4—7月间完成一代所需时间雄虫为26～31天,雌虫28～36天;10—3月份完成一代雄虫需28～34天,雌虫30～36天。成虫产卵对果实的部位以及果实的发育阶段有明显的选择性。幼虫具转果为害的习性。蛹在树冠下土壤中呈不均匀水平分布。种群虫口的建立与田间结果量的增长同步,产量损失因果实发育阶段而异。田间中果态果实坚果受害最重,是重点保护目标。防治措施,目前以化学防治为主,有效药剂有敌杀死、速灭杀丁、杀虫双和乐果等,第一次喷药防治适期应在田间大量果实即将进入中果态之时,在乐东腰果植区通常为8月中下旬。第一次喷药后,连续用药2～3次,即可保护95％以上的果实免遭虫害。此外,结果早期摘除树上虫蛀果,收集地上落果及利用害虫潜伏场所进行毒杀,对降低害虫种群虫口有重要意义。