山羊口蹄疫、小反刍兽疫疫苗不同免疫剂量同步分点注射免疫效果比较

为探究一种适合基层同时开展山羊口蹄疫（FMD）和小反刍兽疫（PPR）疫苗免疫的方法和剂量,选取64只山羊随机分为4组,即常规免疫组（对照组）以及1.0、1.2和1.5头份剂量组（试验组）,开展FMD和PPR疫苗常规免疫和不同免疫剂量同步分点注射免疫的效果比较。结果显示：使用上述两种疫苗,采用常规免疫和一次性分点同步注射免疫的方法,以不同免疫剂量同步分点注射接种后,被免疫山羊未出现免疫应激反应;以不同免疫剂量接种后14、28、42、56、70、100和160 d,各组山羊FMD O型、A型以及PPR免疫抗体阳性率差异均无统计学意义（P> 0.05）。在接种后14 d,1.2头份剂量组FMD O型免疫抗体阳性率高于1.0和1.5头份剂量组;在接种后100 d,1.5头份剂量组FMD O型免疫抗体阳性率高于其余两剂量组;接种后14 d,对照组山羊FMD A型免疫抗体阳性率为87.5%,其余各组均可达到100%,并维持至接种后100 d。各组山羊PPR抗体阳性率均在接种后14 d达到100%,并持续保持至接种后160 d。结果表明：在试验免疫剂量范围内可开展山羊FMD和PPR疫苗一次性分...     

山羊不同方式和剂量接种小反刍兽疫疫苗的免疫效果

以不同年龄大小的山羊为试验对象,采用不同方式和不同剂量接种小反刍兽疫(peste des petits ruminants,PPR)弱毒疫苗,考察不同方式和不同剂量接种PPR疫苗的免疫效果。试验结果显示,不同免疫剂量试验组皮下注射1个免疫剂量或2个免疫剂量疫苗山羊均获得良好的免疫效果,2组间免疫结果差异不明显(P﹥0.05);不同接种方式(皮下注射和肌肉注射)试验组接种疫苗后第28天和第120天时,2组间山羊免疫效果差异不明显(P﹥0.05),第180天时2组山羊免疫效果存在极显著差异(P0.01),前者高免疫抗体水平持续期更长且免疫效果优于后者。研究结果表明,在现有条件下,对山羊按照1个免疫剂量采用皮下接种疫苗方式进行免疫完全可以达到预期的免疫效果。     

小反刍兽疫病毒的研究进展

小反刍兽疫(peste des petits ruminants,PPR)是由一种副黏病毒科麻疹病毒属病毒引起的主要感染山羊、绵羊的急性高治病性传染病,但牛感染后临床症状不明显。世界动物卫生组织(OIE)将其列为A类疫病,感染率和死亡率高达90%。由于绵羊和山羊是非洲和西亚贫困人民的重要生产资料,PPR对食品安全和摆脱贫困构成巨大威胁。小反刍兽疫病毒(PPRV)和牛瘟病毒(RPV)与麻疹病毒(MV)联系紧密。通过大规模接种疫苗牛瘟已被彻底消除。虽然可以利用弱毒疫苗免疫机体预防PPRV感染,但由于其在亚热带气候中的热不稳定性、使用时所需剂量的不确定性及接种范围的不足导致该病仍未得到有效控制。另外已有证据表明,在疫苗与不同毒株之间存在很少的交叉中和,使得目前流通的PPRV疫苗的保护功效被质疑。文章简要介绍了目前全世界对PPRV的高关注度及PPRV的生物学特性、发病机理等。     

绵羊肺炎支原体灭活疫苗的研制

绵羊肺炎支原体引起绵羊及山羊非典型肺炎,分布广泛,危害严重。本试验旨在研制绵羊肺炎支原体灭活疫苗。采用改良Thiaucourt's培养基对绵羊肺炎支原体临床分离株SC02进行培养,收集生长滴度达10⁹ CCU/mL的培养物,浓缩20倍后灭活,制备油佐剂疫苗。选择绵羊肺炎支原体抗体阴性的6月龄健康山羊经颈部皮下接种该疫苗5.0 mL/只(2×10¹⁰ CCU/mL),免疫后21 d,试验组与对照组山羊经气管接种绵羊肺炎支原体强毒Y98株5.0 mL/只(≥2×10¹⁰ CCU/mL),测量体温、观察临床症状,并于攻毒后30 d剖检,观察肺脏病理变化。结果表明,试验组5只山羊均获得免疫保护,全部精神状况良好,临诊和剖检均未见异常;对照组5只山羊出现咳嗽、发热、流鼻涕等症状,剖杀后见肺脏组织有典型的肺炎病理变化。本研究结果表明,该疫苗对山羊有良好的免疫保护作用。     

免疫区小反刍兽疫免疫抗体监测与分析

本文报告应用C-ELISA方法监测小反刍兽疫免疫区山羊、绵羊和牦牛PPR免疫抗体的结果。结果显示:检测免疫山羊血清298份,阳性163份,阳性率54.70%;检测免疫绵羊血清588份,阳性140份,阳性率23.81%;累计检测免疫羊(山羊和绵羊)血清886份,阳性303份,阳性率34.20%;检测免疫区非免疫牦牛血清353份,阳性51份,阳性率14.45%。并对试验结果显示的免疫区羊免疫抗体阳性率偏低、山羊和绵羊免疫抗体阳性率差异大及免疫区接触牦牛PPR抗体呈阳性的检测结果进行了分析。     

阻断ELISA与病毒中和试验检测PPR抗体的比较分析

为选择一种简便、快速、敏感性高、特异性好的小反刍兽疫(PPR)血清学检测方法,本实验收集了506份山羊和绵羊血清样品,采用ELISA和病毒中和试验(VNT)两种方法对PPR病毒(PPRV)抗体进行检测。结果显示ELISA和VNT检出的阳性率分别为44.9%和48.6%。两种方法的符合率Kappa值为0.925,表明这两种方法具有较高的一致性,但ELISA更简便、快速、敏感,更便于基层单位使用。本研究为PPR血清流行病学调查及疫苗免疫效果评价方法的选择提供相关的技术参数。     

山羊同时接种口蹄疫O-A-亚Ⅰ型三价灭活疫苗和小反刍兽疫活疫苗后30d内抗体动态研究

随机选择从未接种过小反刍兽疫(PPR)、口蹄疫(FMD)O-A-亚Ⅰ型三价灭活疫苗且经检测体内未含相关抗体的健康山羊40只,随机分成4组:第1组接种小反刍兽疫活疫苗,第2组接种口蹄疫O-A-亚Ⅰ型三价灭活疫苗,第3组同时接种小反刍兽疫活苗、口蹄疫O-A-亚Ⅰ型三价灭活疫苗,第4组不接种任何疫苗作为对照组,观察各组免疫副反应。在接种后7、14、21、28 d采血,用ELISA抗体检测试剂盒检测抗体动态。结果显示,接种后7 d时PPR单独免疫组和联合免疫组中PPR抗体阳性率均能达到80%;14~28 d时PPR抗体阳性率均能达到100%,PPR组和联合免疫组中同期PPR抗体OD450nm值之间比较差异均不显著;接种后第7天时FMD O-A-亚Ⅰ型三价灭活疫苗单独免疫组和联合免疫组中FMD O型抗体阳性率均能达到60%,14 d时FMD O型抗体阳性率均能达到100%;接种后14 d时FMD OA-亚Ⅰ型三价灭活疫苗单独免疫组和联合免疫组中亚FMD亚Ⅰ型和A型抗体阳性率均能达到国家规定的70%的标准。     

由麻疹思考小反刍兽疫的问题

小反刍兽疫(Peste des petits ruminants,PPR)是山羊、绵羊等小反刍兽类的急性接触传染性疾病,国际上将小反刍兽疫归为A类传染病.目前除非洲、中东和南亚次大陆传播外,在我国周边地区的许多国家和地区也频繁出现流行.因此,该病作为一种重大的跨国动物疫病,也在开始危害我国西藏和其他地区的动物生产和卫生安全[1-2].     

猪细小病毒病冻干疫苗的实验室检测

本文对3批猪细小病毒病冻干疫苗进行实验室检验,结果显示疫苗物理性状良好,无细菌和支原体污染;疫苗接种乳鼠和以10倍的免疫剂量接种怀孕母猪无不良临床反应,母猪不排毒,不产生病毒血症,疫苗的病毒含量均≥105.0;接种豚鼠后21d均产生抗体反应。表明疫苗具有良好的安全性和免疫原性。     

猪伪狂犬病灭活疫苗(PRVSX-gE株)对怀孕母猪安全性及繁殖性能的影响

为了确定猪伪狂犬病灭活疫苗(PRVSX-gE株)对怀孕母猪的安全性及繁殖性能的影响,本研究选用3批疫苗对怀孕母猪进行一次单剂量接种、单剂量重复接种及一次超剂量接种的试验。结果显示,肌内注射猪伪狂犬病灭活疫苗(PRVSX-gE株)后,母猪接种部位及全身无不良反应,母猪健康,妊娠正常,无死胎和木乃伊胎,新生仔猪生长发育良好。试验表明,自主研制的猪伪狂犬病灭活疫苗(PRVSX-gE株)对怀孕母猪安全,对怀孕母猪繁殖性能无影响。     

小反刍兽疫研究进展

小反刍兽疫病毒(PPRV)是副黏病毒科(Paramyxoviridae)麻疹病毒属(Morbolivirus)的成员,主要感染山羊、绵羊等小反刍动物,引起一种高度接触性病毒性传染病。小反刍兽疫为一种重大的外来性疾病,2007年在中国西藏自治区日土县首次发生。自2013年末以来中国新疆、青海、甘肃、宁夏、内蒙、湖南、辽宁等地频繁暴发小反兽疫疫情,给中国的畜牧业带来了巨大的损失,引起极大的重视。为更好的分析小反刍兽疫的病原特性及采取有效的防控措施,文章对小反刍兽疫的病原学及疫苗研究进展进行论述。     

小反刍兽疫研究现状

小反刍兽疫(Peste des petits ruminants,PPR)是由小反刍兽疫病毒(Peste des petits ruminants virus,PPRV)引起的一种主要感染小反刍动物的急性、接触性传染病,发病率、死亡率高.近年来,小反刍兽疫(PPR)呈扩散的趋势,成为重要的跨国动物传染病之一,我国周边国家频繁器发该病.2007年7月25日暴发于西藏自治区日土县的我国首例小反刍尊疫疫情,更是对我国如何做好该病的防控工作提出了新的要求和挑战.为了增强广大兽医工作者和相关人士对本病的认识,文中就小反刍兽疫的病原学、流行病学、临床症状、病理特征以及诊断方法等方面的研究现状进行了综述.     

Pathogenicity of attenuated peste des petits ruminants virus in sheep and goats

Progressive loss of virulence for goat kids was noticed when peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus was passaged in Vero cells. While goats inoculated with the 60th passage suffered from the clinical PPR disease and mortality, goats inoculated with the 80th passage did not show any sign of the disease. If the progressive loss of virulence of the virus with passage continues, it will not be long before a homologous PPR vaccine will be obtained at the National Veterinary Institute, Vom.     

Development of a monoclonal antibody based competitive-ELISA for detection and titration of antibodies to peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute febrile, viral, disease of small ruminants with great economic importance. A competitive-ELISA (c-ELISA) test was developed for detection of antibodies to PPR virus in the sera samples of goats and sheep. The test uses monoclonal antibody to a neutralizing epitope of haemagglutinin protein of the virus. Based on the distribution of known negative sera samples (n=933) in respect of PPR virus antibodies in the test, a cut-off value was set as 38%. This value was the result of mean of negative population added with two times the standard deviations. A total of 1668 sera samples from goat and sheep and 32 sera from cattle were screened by c-ELISA and virus neutralization test (VNT). Efficacy of c-ELISA compared very well with VNT having high relative specificity (98.4%) and sensitivity (92.4%). The sensitivity of c-ELISA for PPR sero-surveillance could further be increased (95.4%), if the target population is non-vaccinated. c-ELISA test correlated well with VNT (r=0.845) for end-point titration of PPR virus antibody in 64 goat sera samples. It could clearly separate infected population from uninfected in field sera. Using c-ELISA test paired sera samples from 13 goats provided a clear diagnosis of PPR virus infection. Furthermore, antibodies to PPR virus could be successfully detected during 1 year after vaccination in four goats inoculated with an experimental PPR vaccine. Findings suggest that the c-ELISA test developed can easily replace VNT for sero-surveillance, sero-monitoring, diagnosis from paired sera samples and end-point titration of PPR virus antibodies.     

Immune responses to hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein of peste des petits ruminants virus expressed in transgenic peanut plants in sheep

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute, highly contagious disease of small ruminants caused by a morbillivirus, Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV). The disease is prevalent in equatorial Africa, the Middle East, and the Indian subcontinent. A live attenuated vaccine is in use in some of the countries and has been shown to provide protection for at least three years against PPR. However, the live attenuated vaccine is not robust in terms of thermotolerance. As a step towards development of a heat stable subunit vaccine, we have expressed a hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein of PPRV in peanut plants (Arachis hypogea) in a biologically active form, possessing neuraminidase activity. Importantly, HN protein expressed in peanut plants retained its immunodominant epitopes in their natural conformation. The immunogenicity of the plant derived HN protein was analyzed in sheep upon oral immunization. Virus neutralizing antibody responses were elicited upon oral immunization of sheep in the absence of any mucosal adjuvant. In addition, anti-PPRV-HN specific cell-mediated immune responses were also detected in mucosally immunized sheep.     

Experimental peste des petits ruminants (goat plague) in goats and sheep.

In order to study the pathomorphology and immunohistochemistry of peste des petits ruminants, four goats and two sheep were inoculated intranasally with the Malig-Yemen strain of peste des petits ruminants virus. The animals developed fever, nasal discharge, oral erosions, cough and diarrhea. One goat and one sheep died and one moribund goat was killed. Three animals survived the infection. At necropsy, erosive stomatitis, pneumonia and gastroenteritis were found. Histopathologically the pneumonocytes and epithelial cells of the ileum had eosinophilic cytoplasmic and nuclear inclusions. By an indirect immunoperoxidase method, the nuclei and cytoplasm of the ileal epithelial cells of one goat contained positively (brown) stained antigen, which corresponded to viral nucleocapsids by electron microscopy. Virus appeared to be released through the microvilli of the epithelial cells. We also confirmed the formation of giant cells due to peste des petits ruminants virus.     

Seroprevalence of, and risk factors for, peste des petits ruminants in sheep and goats in Northern Jordan

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an economically important disease that affect sheep and goat industry in Asia and Africa. In this study, we investigated the seroprevalence, and risk factors, of PPR in sheep and goat flocks from five different governorates (Irbid, Jarash, Ajloun, Mafraq and Zarka) located in Northern Jordan. Serum samples from 929 and 400 sheep and goats, respectively, corresponding to 122 sheep flock and 60 goats flock were collected. Seroprevalence was determined using PPR competitive ELISA. Health status and management information were collected using a semi-structured pre-tested questionnaire. The individual true prevalence of PPR in sheep and goats was 29 and 49%, respectively. The flock level true prevalence of PPR was 60 and 74% in sheep and goats, respectively. In both sheep and goat flocks, large flock size, visiting live animals market and inadequate veterinary services were identified as risk factors for PPR seropositivity. Mixed (sheep and goats) raising was identified as a risk factor for PPR seropositivity in sheep flocks only.     

2018—2020年河南省长垣市奶山羊小反刍兽疫免疫效果评估与防控措施

为了解河南省长垣市奶山羊小反刍兽疫疫情流行情况和免疫抗体水平,2018—2020年,采用阻断酶联免疫吸附剂测定（ELISA）法和实时荧光聚合酶链式反应（PCR）法,对长垣市32 家奶山羊散养户采集羊血清和鼻拭子样品,进行羊小反刍兽疫免疫抗体及病原学检测。结果表明,2018年、2019年和2020年的血清抗体合格率分别为83.13%、85.64%和86.67%,平均85.17%,高于国家规定的70.00%。病原学监测全部样品为阴性。提示长垣市总体疫苗免疫效果良好,羊群具有抵抗小反刍兽疫侵袭的基本能力。为长垣市制定科学合理的防控措施、逐步消灭小反刍兽疫和退出小反刍兽疫免疫计划提供参考依据。     

小反刍兽疫诊断及其免疫防制的研究进展

小反刍兽疫(peste des petits ruminants,PPR)是由副黏病毒科麻疹病毒属小反刍兽疫病毒(peste des petits ruminants virus,PPRV)引起的一种急性、烈性、接触性传染病,目前已给中国养羊业造成巨大损失与威胁。作者对PPR的流行病学、诊断方法及疫苗研制进展等方面作一简要综述,以期为该病的防控提供有效的参考。     

小反刍兽疫的诊断与综合防控措施

小反刍兽疫是由小反刍兽疫病毒引起的一种急性、亚急性传染性疾病,主要感染绵羊、山羊及一些野生小反刍动物,发病率和死亡率均较高,给广大农牧民和养殖场造成巨大的经济损失。因此,对该病的诊断及综合防控措施进行概述,以期为该病的防控提供参考。