特早熟温州蜜柑--稻叶的生物学特性与栽培技术

特早熟温州蜜柑稻叶是我市于1990年从浙江引进并筛选出来的新品系，具有果大形美、早熟质优、丰产稳产等特点，目前在我市栽培面积达2000hm^2，并已扩展到三明、南平、宁德等地。现将稻叶温州蜜柑的生物学特性与栽培技术介绍如下。     

山川3号特早熟温州蜜柑主要特性及栽培技术

特早熟温州蜜柑具有减酸早、转色快、上市早、经济效益高等特点。近年来，国内已引进和选育了众多特早熟品系，但外观、内质等综合性状存在差异。据报道，山川3号综合性状在行早熟温州密柑各品系中，是表现最佳的品系这这一。为此，我们于1998年春季引进了山川3号接穗，在溪口基地进行高接，经三年观察、研究认为，山川3号在我市气候条件下是适应的，可以适当发展。现将山川3号特早熟温州蜜柑主要特性及栽培技术介绍如下。     

特早熟温州蜜柑高效栽培技术

特早熟温州蜜柑在永安市适应性好，主要表现为早熟、皮薄、光滑、着色好、品质佳。近几年，通过山地梯田改种，第3年就可投产，每666.7m^2产1500k，取得很好的经济效益，现将一些具体措施总结如下：     

特早熟温州蜜柑“稻叶”的引进及应用

通过对12个早熟温州蜜柑品系的引种试验,筛选出稻叶为全国品质极优、熟期最早的特早熟温州蜜柑品种。同时,对稻叶的植物学、生物学、果实经济性状及其适应性、丰产性、抗病性等进行了观察研究,开展了配套栽培技术的研究和区域性试验工作。在试验示范的基础上,在全区乃至全省进行推广应用,取得了显著的经济效益。     

特早熟温州蜜柑稻叶、市文生物学特性观察

观察结果表明，稻叶、市文具有树体矮化、早结、早熟、果实品质优良等特性，是目前我国成熟最早、品质最优的特早熟温州蜜柑品种之一，可在海拔300～500m、秋季昼夜温差大的温州蜜柑适宜区作主栽品种。     

特早熟温州蜜柑(稻叶)促进早熟、优质、适产栽培技术

本文阐述了特早熟温州蜜柑(稻叶以下简称特早熟温州蜜柑)在栽培上应用促进早熟、优质、适产方面采取一些技术措施,为栽培该品种取得良好的经济效益和社会效益,提供了一定的参考价值。     

特早熟温州蜜柑市文的主要特性及栽培技术

特早熟温州蜜柑市文,我地从1990年引进小范围试种,现扩种山地面积20hm2该品系树势较强。结果性能好,果实扁圆形,单果重120g左右,果面较光滑,8月中旬开始上市,可溶性固形物含量7.5％～8％,品质中等,成熟早,市场销售良好;丰产、     

特早熟温州蜜柑——稻叶的高产栽培

为调整我市柑桔品种结构,发展新特果品生产,1990年新罗区从浙江引进稻叶、协山、市文、德森、高林等特早熟温州安柑新品系进行对比试验,并从中筛选出最早熟、品质优良的稻叶新品系,于1993年在新罗区雁石镇礼邦果场建立6．67hm2早产丰产栽培示范园。1997年经龙岩市科委验收,四年生树平均每公顷产量达32315．5kg,果实8月中、下旬成熟,是自助柑桔栽培中最早的新品系。现将栽培技术汇总如下：一、商标准建国示范围三面环水,一面靠山,海拔238m,因地平坦,水源充足,土壤为河滩冲积上,保水保肥能力较差。建园时挖1m×1m×0．8m的定植穴…     

温州蜜柑特早熟品系引种试验

赣中北部及其以北地区，栽培晚熟，特晚熟柑桔受气候的限制，但适于发展特早熟品种。为了配合我省柑桔品种结构调整，我们于1989年秋引进了日本温州蜜柑特早熟品系4个类型10个品系进行了高接和定点试验，旨在从中选出综合性状优良的温柑特早熟品系1～2个，向省内适栽区推广。一、试验设计及方法试验地为第四纪红粘土，缓坡地。供试材料是1989年秋从中柑所上海试验站引进的日本10个温州蜜柑特早熟品系：①着色早、果肉成熟早、减酸快的类型有乔本、官本、胁山、市九、山川；②着色早，减酸迟的类型有力武；③风味好，减酸慢，不会产生浮皮的…     

特早熟温州蜜柑——宫本的生物学特性与栽培技术

特早熟温州蜜柑宫本是源头农场于1994年从湖南引进的新品系,在该场七队示范种植50 667 m2.该品种在平乐源头8月下旬成熟,正值水果淡季,目前每公斤果实售价比普通早熟温州柑高出1元钱左右,每年的春季就有客户前来订购,成为该场的抢手货.该场地势多为4.～8.的缓坡丘陵地,海拔在195～240 m之间,年平均降雨量为1 636 mm,平均日照时数1 448.4 h,平均温度19.9℃.现根据十多年的试栽、观察和鉴定,将宫本温州蜜柑的生物学特性与栽培技术介绍如下:     

特早熟温州蜜柑大浦在全州的引种表现初报

全州县咸水林场在调整水果品种结构过程中,于2006年3月上旬从湖南常德和涟源引种特早熟温州蜜柑大浦30000株、宫本20000株（均为枳砧）。种植约27hm^2。管理得较好的几个岗位地2008年开始试结果,667m^2产500～750kg,2009年普遍结果,估计平均667m^2产量1500kg左右。今年8月15日开始采收上市。     

Effects of air and soil temperatures on flower development and morphology of satsuma mandarin

Three experiments were conducted in growth chambers to observe effects of air and soil temperatures in early and mid-winter on flower development and morphology of satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc. cv. Okitsu Wase) budded on trifoliate orange. Four year old trees were used in Experiments I and III, and one year old ones in Experiment II. In Experiments I and II, air and soil temperature treatments of 15/15, 15/30, 30/15 and 30/ 30°C were started on 16 December, 1988. The trees sprouted flowers within seven days at 30/30°C, 11 days at 30/15°C, 21 days at 15/30°C, and 33 days at 15/15°C, respectively. There were few flowers at 30/30°C, extremely few at 30/15°C and many at both 15/15°C and 15/30°C. The days required to flowering and the flowering period were longer at the low air temperature. The number of flowers per tree, the number of flowers per node and the sprouting rate were greater at the low air temperature. A combination temperature of 30/15°C greatly decreased sprouting rate, the number of flowers per node and the number of flowers per tree. It seems likely that the chilling requirement might not be satisfied by mid-December. The trees might continue to accumulate chilling temperature at 15°C in the growth chamber. The trees at the high air temperature developed smaller flowers and ovaries. At an air temperature of 15°C, higher soil temperature resulted in bigger flowers and ovaries. In Experiment III, temperature treatments of 25/15,25/25 and 25/30°C were imposed on 6 January, 1989. The trees at 25/15°C required longer days to sprout and to blossom than at 25/25 and 25/30°C. The last two treatments did not differ in their effects. Soil temperature treatments did not result in significant effects on flower morphology, when they were applied after the chilling requirement was satisfied.     

硝酸钙和IAA对温州蜜柑果实钙含量及其品质的影响

在花期、花后1周、3周、采前2周对龟井蜜柑进行Ca(NO3)2、IAA和IAA+Ca(NO3)2喷布处理,同时测定了不同发育时期各处理果实钙含量及其采后果实的主要品质,并与采后浸钙处理和完熟采收果实品质进行了对比分析,结果表明:1)各处理的果皮钙含量在花后51d和112d均有所提高,但此期整个果实钙含量并无显著性差异,采收时各处理整个果实和果肉钙含量均显著高于对照;2)采收时各处理果实的可溶性固形物和可滴定酸均显著低于对照,可溶性糖、单果重、果皮色差值和相对电导率与对照无显著性差异,各处理糖酸比显著高于对照;3)采后30d时IAA+Ca(NO3)2喷布和采后浸钙处理果实的维生素C及完熟采收果实的可溶性固形物和可溶性糖均显著高于对照和其他处理。     

Postharvest water stress of an early maturing plum

Postharvest water stress was imposed on a May harvested plum (Primus salicina Lindl. cv. Red Beaut) over a three year period. Control trees were irrigated at approximately 100% ET. One stress treatment (Tl) received 50% of the water applied to the control. The second stress treatment (T2) was subjected to cycles of on-and-off irrigation which varied from year to year. All treatments were fully irrigated at about 100% ET through harvest. Treatment Tl received about 30 cm less irrigation water than the control and showed no decrease in yield, fruit weight or fruit quality over all three years. Treatment T2 received about the same amount of water as Tl in the first two years of the experiment and also showed no decrease in productivity. In the third year, T2 was irrigated only for a single three week period after harvest which saved over 60 cm of applied water. The trees were extensively defoliated by the end of the season, showed some shoot and scaffold dieback, and had reduced yields in the following year. Double fruit formation was low in all treatments and was not increased by stress. Stem water potential (SWP) measurements followed a consistent seasonal pattern in the control. In the final year of the experiment, SWP during the postharvest period correlated well with yield in the following spring. This suggests SWP might be useful for monitoring stress, thus preventing a loss in productivity while saving some water.     

条件优越前景广阔——桂林市发展南方早熟梨述评

本文从气候因子,区位优势,早熟、优质丰产性状等方面,阐述了桂林市发展南方早熟梨的优越条件和广阔前景.提出了桂林市发展南方早熟梨的规划设想及搞好区域布局;因地制宜选择适栽品种并搞好熟期搭配;抓好技术培训、技术普及、提高科学种果水平等几个方面的对策.     

早熟厚皮甜瓜品种镇甜二号的选育

镇甜二号是以自交系MHW05为母本、MHW06为父本杂交选育而成的早熟厚皮甜瓜新品种。江苏地区早春大棚栽培果实发育期28 d左右,全生育期102 d左右,植株长势较强,耐寒,易坐果,果实圆形,果皮光滑白色,单瓜质量1.5 kg左右,果肉白色,果肉厚度3.9 cm,中心可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)17.8%左右、边部12.6%,肉质软,口感好,耐存贮,667 m²产2700 kg左右,适宜在江苏省、浙江省、山东省等地早春保护地栽培。2020年通过农业农村部非主要农作物品种登记。     

西洋南瓜早熟新品种MT-422选育初报

对新选育的西洋南瓜(CucurbitmaximaDuch.)早熟品种MT-422的选育情况进行初步报告。选育结果表明:新品种(组合)MT-422第1朵雌花着生在3～5节,比对照锦栗品种早熟10d;植株生长势弱,叶片小,坐果前期蔓矮生,坐果后伸蔓,增产潜力大;果实质粉味甜;是适合保护地栽培的目标组合,开发前景较大。     

Chemical thinning of ‘satsuma’ mandarin (citrus unshiu marc.) fruit by 1-naphthaleneacetic acid: Role of ethylene and cellulase

Experiments were conducted to find the effects of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) on fruit thinning of ‘Satsuma’ mandarins, and to see whether it affected ethylene production and cellulase activity at the abscission zone.NAA at 300 p.p.m. sprayed 25 days after full bloom was found to thin fruit causing a 30% increase in fruit drop in 1973. The following year, however, the effect of spraying was not significant because the overall percentage of fruit set was low. Cellulase activity of abscission zones of NAA-treated fruit showed considerably increased values in 1973, whereas in 1974 cellulase activity of control and NAA-treated fruit showed similar high values reflecting a higher fruit drop from control trees. Yellow, ready-to-abscise fruit from NAA-treated and from control trees produced higher amounts of ethylene than did apparently healthy green fruit from both treated and control trees. Essentially NAA caused no leaf abscission nor any increase in cellulase activity in abscission zones. Ethylene production from the leaves also remained low. Spraying 500 p.p.m. ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid) caused severe leaf fall, markedly increased cellulase activity in abscission zones and ethylene production.The mechanism of fruit thinning by NAA is discussed in relation to the role of ethylene and cellulase.     

早熟硬肉杏新品种‘红艳’的选育

‘红艳’杏是以‘串枝红’杏为母本、‘金太阳’杏为父本人工杂交选育而成的早熟杏新品种。果实近圆形,平均单果质量72 g。果皮底色橙黄色,成熟时阳面着鲜红色,果面有茸毛,果皮中厚。果肉金黄色,肉质细、蜜,果肉硬,纤维少,汁液多,香气浓,味酸甜适度。可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)为14.6%,总糖含量7.76%,还原糖含量2.46%,总酸含量1.14%,维生素含量C 6.68 mg·100 g-1,品质风味优良。果核卵圆形,褐色,离核。郑州地区3月中旬开花,6月上旬果实成熟,11月中旬落叶。树势中等偏强,易成花,自花结实能力差,需配置授粉树,以短果枝和花束状果枝结果为主。早熟,丰产稳产,外形美观,耐贮运,适应性强,适合河南及周边平原、丘陵、山地等杏栽培区栽培和发展。