大豆紫斑病的发生规律及综合防治

大豆紫斑病是大豆生产中的重要病害之一,对大豆的发芽率、品质和产量有一定的影响。文章介绍了大豆紫斑病症状、发生特点、规律和综合防治措施。     

大豆对紫斑病抗性鉴定方法的研究

本研究通过自然发病和人工接种鉴定了不同大豆品种对紫斑病的抗性，旨在建立大豆对紫斑病抗性鉴定方法，为大豆品种资源抗性筛选创造条件。对不同成熟期的37个大豆品种在自然条件下对紫斑病的抗性调查结果表明，大豆紫斑病的发生受气候条件、大豆成熟期和品种抗性的影响，由于避免了病害发生的有利时期，晚熟大豆品种紫斑病发生很轻或不发病。1998年和1999年，分别在防虫网室和温室人工接种鉴定45份大豆种质，两次的鉴定结果均表明大豆品种间对紫斑病的抗病性存在显著差异，但在温室条件下大豆紫斑病平均病情指数显著低于网室条件下的试验结果。为提高大豆对紫斑病抗性鉴定的准确性，建议不同成熟期的品种同期鉴定时可对早熟品种进行摘花，保证接种时接种荚荚龄一致；对接种荚进行标记；设立高感对照；鉴定为抗病的材料进行重复鉴定。     

紫斑病对大豆室内发芽特性的影响

通过紫斑病对大豆室内发芽特性的影响研究,结果表明,大豆感染紫斑病后,种子的发芽势、发芽率、活力指数明显降低,不同感染级别种子的发芽势间存在明显差异,因此,大豆种子感染紫斑病后会因播种品质显著降低而不适于大田用种.     

大豆紫斑病研究进展

紫斑病是严重影响大豆产量和品质的病害之一,本文从其病原菌及毒素、鉴定方法、对产量及品质的影响等方面进行了阐述,并对其综合防治措施进行了研究探讨,为大豆的育种工作提供了一定的理论依据。     

知识讲座 第三讲 大豆病虫害

知识讲座第三讲大豆病虫害大豆病虫害种类很多，但在东北以大豆孢囊线虫病、花叶病毒病、灰斑病、大豆蚜虫和大豆食心虫危害较重，不仅影响大豆产量，而且在种子上形成褐斑、灰斑或咬成虫口豆，降低大豆品质。霜霉病、细菌性斑点病、紫斑病、褐纹病、轮纹病、根腐病、草地...     

美国大豆育种年会简讯

美国大豆育种1989年年会于2月20日至22日在田纳西州的Memphlis市举行。参加会议的有大豆育种学家和病理学家共170余人。会议内容主要涉及抗病育种和品质育种。 抗病育种方面涉及的主要病害有大豆孢囊线虫病,灰斑病、炭疽病、菌核病、白粉病、茎枯病、茎荚斑点病、紫斑病、根腐病、茎褐腐病、病毒病、细菌性斑点病和细菌     

高产稳产大豆新品种豫豆10号选育

豫豆10号是采用系谱法从郑77249X海交17的杂交后代中选育的夏大豆新品种，具有高产、稳产、多抗和广适等特点，平均产量2385kg儿m’，比跃进5号增产20．04％，比豫豆2号增产12．5％。高抗大豆花叶病毒病、炭疽病和紫斑病，适宜黄淮夏大豆地区推广种植，在豫、苏、皖、鲁、冀、晋、鄂等省已累计推广达91万hm’。1选育经过豫豆10号（原名郑8431）是河南省农业科学院经作所育成的。1981年针对黄淮夏大豆产区大豆生产上存在的稳产性差、抗病虫性弱等突出问题，依据株型育种原理，选用具有多技多荚型高抗大豆花叶病毒病且配合力高的高产品种郑77…     

2004年黑龙江省大豆蚜虫暴发因素分析

大豆蚜虫是黑龙江省大豆生产上的重要害虫,近年来频繁暴发危害,给农业生产造成巨大损失。尤其2004年大豆蚜虫在全省范围内大发生,并导致大豆生长后期多种病害混合发生,影响较大,本文对黑龙江省2004年大豆蚜虫发生实况、特点、成灾原因进行了分析,以提高全省大豆蚜虫的治理水平,达到有效控害。     

大豆菌核病的识别与综合防治

大豆菌核病是大豆生产上常见的病害,如遇到合适气候发生严重,对大豆产量影响很大。本文介绍了大豆菌核病的症状、发生原因和特点,并提出了农业防治和化学防治相结合的综合措施。     

四川大豆生产现状、主要问题及发展对策

随着现代农业建设的推进和新型农业经营主体的出现,四川大豆种植模式和生产方式在不断发生转变,国家大豆振兴计划为四川大豆生产发展提供了机遇。本文在调研的基础上,阐明了四川大豆生产情况、分析了阻碍大豆发展存在的主要问题,面对机遇提出了大力发展四川大豆生产的对策。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

Present Situation and Consideration of Seed Processing and Testing Theory and Technology

Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry.