熟肉保鲜和酸度评定试验

用三种不同浓度的山梨酸钾溶液（2.0%、2.5%、3.0%)对熟肉进行处理，通过感官和pH值测定，观察变质过程。结果表明，在30℃恒温下，2.5%山梨酸钾溶液处理效果最佳，可保鲜30h左右。     

竹笋保鲜的试验研究

本研究主要应用护色防腐液对竹笋进行保鲜。试验结果表明：0.5%苯甲酸钠和1％柠檬酸混合液不如0.5%山梨酸钾和1％柠檬酸混合液保鲜效果好；同时明矾、低pH值对竹笋保鲜结果有影响，最后得出最佳配比：山梨酸钾1％，明矾0.5%，柠檬酸2％。     

大豆蛋白活性可食膜对牛肉品质的影响研究

本文采用大豆蛋白活性可食膜浸渍法保存冷鲜牛肉制品,分析其品质变化。研究了不同添加浓度1%、5%、9%(w/w)的抑菌剂Nisin和植酸的可食活性膜在0℃~4℃中冷藏1、7、14 d时对冷鲜牛肉的保鲜效果。结果表明:在相同的冷藏条件下,浸渍保藏对冷鲜牛肉的品质保鲜效果明显比新鲜牛肉的保鲜效果好;且抑菌剂的添加浓度为5%时保鲜效果最佳,而1%和9%浓度的保鲜效果次之,新鲜牛肉的保鲜效果最差,进而为冷鲜牛肉提供了更简便又经济的保藏方法。     

山梨酸对禽肉的保鲜研究

Robace等人发现，山梨酸钾处理鸡肉会有一定程度残留，虽对人体无害，但影响鸡肉风味。为避免山梨酸钾对风味的影响，研究人员采用改性玉米淀粉、柠檬酸和山梨酸配成溶液浸渍鸡，以延长鸡肉的保鲜期，取得良好效果。方法如下：     

天然保鲜剂对冷却牦牛肉的保鲜效果研究

[目的]为了解决牦牛肉的保鲜问题.[方法]本研究采用天然保鲜材料魔芋、生姜、洋葱、月桂叶,经榨汁、浸提、分离等处理,配成一定比例的天然保鲜剂,对冷却牦牛肉进行涂膜处理,采用L9(34)正交试验,选出最优保鲜剂组合,即生姜15%、魔芋0.7%、月桂叶0.5%、洋葱15%.冷却牦牛肉经涂膜保鲜后,在0～3℃条件下贮藏、保鲜期可达17 d,贮藏期间,冷却牛肉经TVBN(挥发性盐基总氮)测定,pH值、感观表现均符合国标标准.[结果]表明,四种保鲜材料均有一定的保鲜效果,[结论]说明天然保鲜剂保鲜方法具有安全、经济、方便等特点.     

不同气调包装牛肉贮藏过程中肉质变化规律研究

研究不同气调包装方法对保存期间的牛肉品质的影响,探索适宜新疆地区生鲜冷却牛肉保鲜的包装方法.将宰后的牛肉采用5种不同的气调包装放在4℃条件保存,对牛肉保鲜效果进行研究,测定分析理化、菌落总数、色泽等主要指标.结果表明,在不同气调包装条件下,贮藏过程中牛肉样品的理化指标变化和微生物繁殖情况不同,气调包装C组的牛肉在保持较...     

华莱士果粒酸奶的研制

将新鲜华莱士去皮切块后用2%NaCI溶液进行短时间护色后切粒,将果粒浸泡于0.3%CaCl2溶液中做保脆处理后用快速煮制法糖渍,将处理好的果粒与制备好的发酵酸奶混合.采用4因素3水平正交试验设定工艺参数.结果表明,华莱士果粒酸奶的最佳配方为鲜牛奶77.42%、华莱士果粒12.00%、稳定剂0.50%、白砂糖10.00%、香精0.06%、山梨酸钾0.02%.对该产品的市场前景作了简单分析.     

再生丝素蛋白涂膜对冷藏草鱼肉块保鲜效果的影响

用不同浓度(2.0%、5.0%、8.0%)的自组装再生丝素蛋白溶液对新鲜草鱼肉块进行涂膜处理，并在4℃低温条件下冷藏，研究再生丝素蛋白涂膜处理对草鱼肉保鲜效果的影响。结果表明，在相同贮藏期内，与对照组相比，自组装再生丝素蛋白溶液涂膜处理能有效保持新鲜草鱼肉的良好品质，降低鱼肉的失重率，使草鱼肉的感官品质、失重率、pH值、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)含量、新鲜度指标K值均维持较好水平，其中5.0%自组装再生丝素蛋白溶液涂膜处理效果最佳。     

二氧化氯的鸡蛋保鲜效果研究

为延长鸡蛋的储藏期,本文采用不同处理的固载二氧化氯和二氧化氯溶液对鸡蛋进行保鲜效果试验。在温度30℃、湿度70%的条件下存放20d,取出鸡蛋进行主要新鲜度指标的分析与评定。结果表明,与对照组相比,不同二氧化氯处理均对鸡蛋具有显著的保鲜效果(P0.05)。用浓度为2.2g/L二氧化氯溶液浸泡鸡蛋8min后与0.03g固载二氧化氯同时放入样品盒中储藏,能起到较好的保鲜效果。     

0.10%植酸处理油桃可显著提高其保鲜效果

据《中国食物与营养》2013年第1期《不同浓度植酸处理对油桃保鲜效果的影响》(作者任邦来等)报道,为寻求为天然绿色油桃保鲜的材料,提高油桃保鲜效果,将油桃分别浸入浓度为0.05%、0.10%和0.15%的植酸(肌醇六磷酸酯)溶液中30秒,晾干装袋后置于室温下贮藏,定期测定油桃的理化指标,研究不同浓度植酸溶     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein