商品代振宁黄鸡的饲养环境与技术控制

正振宁黄鸡是浙江省著名的地方良种。根据振宁黄鸡饲养条件项目研究,表明饲养环境条件可显著影响振宁黄鸡的生产性能和养殖效益,在农闲地、草林地放养的振宁黄鸡生产性能较佳、经济效益较好,适宜的环境条件、适中的放养密度都有利于提高振宁黄鸡的生产性能和养殖效益。     

饲养条件对商品代振宁黄鸡生产性能的影响

正家禽生产性能除了受畜禽品种遗传等自身因素影响,较大程度取决于光照、湿度、采食等饲养条件。振宁黄鸡是国内优质黄羽肉鸡,生产性能稳定,肉质优异,抗病力强,适应性和抗逆性良好。本文主要针对商品代振宁黄鸡的成活率、料肉比、兽药费用等生产性能指标进行统计分析,探讨养鸡场地理位置、放养场地类型、放养密度对其生产性能的影响,为家禽     

振宁黄鸡在不同饲养条件下禽流感疫苗免疫效果的比较研究

通过对宁海县振宁黄鸡养殖场户开展禽流感疫苗免疫抗体监测,根据采样季节、放养场地类型、饲养场地理位置、放养密度等因素进行分析,研究不同饲养条件对振宁黄鸡禽流感疫苗免疫效果的影响。结果显示,在不同采样季节中以5月份的免疫效果最好;在不同放养密度的饲养场中,放养密度较小和中等的免疫效果显著优于放养密度较大者;在不同位置的饲养场中,以道路旁饲养场的免疫效果较好,其次是偏远区;不同放养场地中以耕地饲养场的免疫效果较好,其次是草林地。     

振宁黄鸡父母代种鸡人工强制换羽实用技术

从季节的选择、鸡群的选择、鸡群疾病防治、加强环境控制、做好人工强制换羽期的饲养与管理等方面介绍了振宁黄鸡父母代种鸡人工强制换羽实用技术的具体措施,以供养殖者参考。     

浙江:“振宁黄鸡”配套系受表彰

近日,宁波市对农业科技工作进行了表彰,"振宁黄鸡"配套系成表彰重点项目。2012年宁波市振宁牧业有限公司"振宁黄鸡"配套系获农业部颁发的畜禽新品种(配套系)证书,成为浙江省首个拥有自主知识产权的国家级畜禽新品种。该配套系是由两系杂交配套培育。父系为合成系,由广西三黄鸡与仙居鸡合成而成,母系由宁海县地方鸡选育而成。该配套系的外貌特征基本一致,主要经济     

蕉岭山地放养鸡的饲养管理措施

从山地放养鸡的品种选择、场地选择、鸡舍搭建、饲养管理等4个方面来介绍了放养鸡的饲养特点,以供参考。     

农村放养鸡饲养管理技术的要点研究

近年来,随着人们对原生态、绿色食品的不断需求,也刺激了农村养殖户饲养放养鸡的积极性。多地农户利用当地的荒山、果园等作为放养鸡的饲养场所,生产出了肉质鲜嫩、品质优良、市场销路较好的禽产品。但是在养殖中也发现,由于管理工作难度大,放养鸡的发病率较高,影响了农户养殖经济效益。文章分别从雏鸡培育、放养管理、免疫接种等方面,就农村放养鸡的饲养管理技术展开了分析。     

农村放养鸡饲养管理技术的要点

近年来,随着人们对原生态、绿色食品的不断需求,也刺激了农村养殖户饲养放养鸡的积极性。多地农户利用当地的荒山、果园等作为放养鸡的饲养场所,生产出了肉质鲜嫩、品质优良、市场销路较好的禽产品。但是在养殖中也发现,由于管理工作难度大,放养鸡的发病率较高,影响了农户养殖经济效益。本文分别从雏鸡培育、放养管理、免疫接种等方面,就农村放养鸡的饲养管理技术展开了分析。     

圈放结合对土鸡生长和肉质的影响探讨

根据我国土鸡养殖技术的特点及肉用土鸡的生长生理特点，采用放养与饲养相结合的综合养殖技术，对“振宁“肉用土鸡作研究，探讨其对放养环境的适应性及肉质风味的改善效应。     

生态放养瓢鸡的日常饲养管理

生态放养瓢鸡具有很高的养殖效益,所以被广大养殖户所青睐,在实际饲养中有很多的细节要注意。基于此,本文详细介绍了生态放养瓢鸡的日常饲养管理,希望能对瓢鸡生态放养有所帮助。     

生态放养鸡饲养管理技术

我国农业经济快速发展,养殖工作的重要性变得更为突出,其中以生态放养鸡的饲养管理工作最为重要。但是在生态放养鸡的饲养管理工作开展过程中,却发现存在一定的问题,这些问题来自于人为及自然等2个方面,导致生态放养鸡的饲养管理技术没有从根本上得到最大程度的提升。养殖者应对生态放养鸡饲养管理工作的开展予以全面化重视,只有确保相关的技术要点得到实现,才能提升生态鸡的养殖水平。     

散养对皖南三黄鸡生长性能及肉品质的影响

为探究散养对皖南三黄鸡生长性能和肉品质的影响,试验选择80羽4周龄、体重相近、健康无病的的皖南三黄鸡,随机分为笼养组和散养组,笼养组每只鸡单笼,每组40个重复。试验期9周。结果表明:6周龄时散养组体重高于笼养组(P<0.05),试验期散养组胫围高于笼养组(P<0.05);笼养组的肌肉滴水损失率、蒸煮损失率和失水率以及腿肌水分、粗脂肪含量和pH高于散养组(P<0.05);与散养鸡相比,笼养鸡生长速度较快,但散养鸡肌肉系水力高于笼养鸡(P<0.05),表明散养鸡肉品质优于笼养鸡。综上,生产者应该根据自身情况以及不同市场对鸡肉产品的不同要求选用适宜的饲养方式。     

Poultry abattoir survey of carcass condemnation for standard, vegetarian, and free range chickens.

During the period April 1991 to March 1992, data concerning the condemnation rate of standard, vegetarian, and free-range chickens were collected and summarized from one federally inspected abattoir in Ontario. The purpose of this study was to discuss the effects of diet, management, and breed of chickens on pathological lesions, ensuing condemnation rates, and consequent losses to the growers and the poultry industry. The data collected at this abattoir revealed that vegetarian chickens showed a higher condemnation rate (5.23%) for disease and nondisease conditions compared with standard (1.48%) and free-range (0.94%) chickens. Free-range chickens were approximately two weeks older than vegetarian and standard chickens at the time of slaughter. The most common causes of condemnation in vegetarian chickens was cellulitis (1.18%), followed by ascites (0.77%). Ascites and cellulitis (0.26% both) were also the most common causes of condemnation in standard chickens. Cyanosis (0.21%) and mutilation (0.17%) represented the highest rate of condemnation in free-range chickens. The low rate of pathological lesions in free-range chickens is a positive trend in poultry disease management.     

散养黄羽肉鸡CAPN1、H-FABP基因表达的发育性变化及其肌内脂肪含量的研究

为探讨在散养条件下黄羽肉鸡CAPN1、H-FABP基因与其生长发育和肌内脂肪(IMF)含量的关系,试验以130羽3周龄体重接近,健康商品代黄羽肉鸡母鸡为试验材料,随机分为笼养组(对照组)和散养组(试验组),采集在不同周龄(3、4、6、8、10、13 w)的胸肌、腿肌和腹脂组织样品共360份,采用实时荧光定量PCR法对不同生长阶段组织中CAPN1和H-FABP基因mRNA表达量进行检测,同时采用索氏抽提法测定胸肌和腿肌的IMF含量。结果表明:黄羽肉鸡的CAPN1、H-FABP基因在胸肌、腿肌和腹脂中均有不同程度的表达。随着周龄的增加,散养肉鸡CAPN1基因表达的整体变化趋势为增加—减少—增加—减少,且3～6 w其在胸肌和腹脂中的表达量均表现为笼养显著高于散养(P<0.05)。H-FABP基因的整体表达趋势随着周龄的增加而降低,在胸肌和腿肌中变化趋势相同,且均表现为散养显著高于笼养(P<0.05),在腹脂中表现为笼养高于散养(P>0.05)。与散养鸡相比,笼养鸡生长速度较快,腹脂率、IMF含量较高。本试验结果可为散养黄羽肉鸡CAPN1和H-FABP基因分子选育提供一定参考。     

Investigations of the occurrence of Avibacterium paragallinarum infections in Uganda

Investigations were conducted to determine the occurrence of Avibacterium paragallinarum in poultry in Uganda. A total of 710 each of bacteriologic and serum samples were taken from chickens and turkeys for demonstration of A. paragallinarum and antibodies. Samples for isolation of A. paragallinarum were also subjected to direct polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for demonstration of the organism's presence. Antibodies to A. paragallinarum were demonstrated in the sera using the hemagglutination inhibition test. A total of five isolates were recovered from two out of five commercial layer chicken farms investigated where suspected cases of infectious coryza were reported, and all of them belonged to Page's serovar C. PCR detected more positive samples (11/68) than did culture (5/68). Isolates were not recovered from free-range poultry nor were there any positive samples by PCR. The overall seroprevalence was 40.5% and the seroprevalence to serovars A, B, and C were 18%, 0.5%, and 22%, respectively. Antibodies to all Page's serovars A, B, and C were demonstrated in free-range chickens but only serovar C antibodies were demonstrated in commercial chickens. No antibodies were demonstrated in turkeys. This is the first time infectious coryza has been confirmed in Uganda and the causative agent, A. paragallinarum, isolated. A high seroprevalence observed in free-range chickens seems to indicate a subclinical infection under extensive village management conditions.     

Influence of intensive and extensive breeding on lactic acid bacteria isolated from Gallus gallus domesticus ceca

In the present study, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from the cecum of chickens bred either under intensive (commercial broilers) or extensive (free-range) conditions were isolated, identified and some of their probiotic characteristics determined. The LAB identified by 16S-23S rRNA PCR-ARDRA were mainly of Lactobacillus species and to a lesser extent of Enterococcus spp. for all animals. Free-range chickens showed a higher presence of Lactobacillus acidophilus while Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus johnsonii were more frequently recovered from commercial broilers. Lactobacillus crispatus was found only in commercial broilers, Lactobacillus vaginalis and Lactobacillus agilis only in free-range chickens and Lactobacillus salivarius in both types. Enterococcus isolates from ceca of commercial broilers showed a higher resistance to antimicrobial drugs. Lactobacillus isolates from free-range chickens presented a higher frequency of in vitro antagonistic activity against selected pathogens than from commercial broilers. All LAB isolates had predominantly non-hydrophobic surfaces, but with variations depending on age of the chickens and breeding conditions. Animal breeding caused variation on composition, antimicrobial susceptibility, antagonistic activity and surface hydrophobicity of LAB from chicken cecum. LAB isolates from ceca of free-range chickens have potential as probiotic agents, which may be used in the future as replacing the use of antimicrobials as growth promoters.     

茶园地散养方式对瑶山鸡生长及屠宰性能的影响

为探讨茶园地散养方式对瑶山鸡生长及屠宰性能的影响,选用30日龄、体重基本一致的瑶山鸡共计120只,随机分为2组,每组各60只,每组再分为6个重复小组,每小组10只。分别采用一般坡地散养和茶园地散养方式进行饲养。饲养至90日龄时进行屠宰,并对生产及屠宰性能相关指标进行测定。结果显示:一般坡地散养方式的瑶山鸡90日龄体重低于茶园地散养组、平均日增重显著低于茶园地散养组(P<0.05),料重比高于茶园散养组;茶园地瑶山鸡90日龄的屠体重、半净膛重、全净膛重、腿肌重和瘦肉率均高于坡地散养组,但差异不显著(P>0.05);茶园地散养组的肝重、脾脏重显著高于一般坡地散养组(P<0.05);茶园地散养组瑶山鸡的组氨酸、精氨酸、肌苷酸含量显著高于一般坡地散养组(P<0.05),其他指标差异不显著(P>0.05)。综上表明,与一般坡地散养方式相比较,茶园地散养方式更利于瑶山鸡的生长。     

Molecular study and genotyping of Cryptosporidium baileyi and Cryptosporidium parvum from free-range and commercial broiler chickens in Guilan province,Iran

Cryptosporidiosis acutely impacts the digestive and/or respiratory tract of the birds in many species of various orders. More importantly, it is also well known as a significant zoonotic disease, which can lead to diarrhea in humans and livestock. Regarding increasing demand for free-range products and increasing the number of free-range poultry farms, the present paper evaluated histopathological and molecular detection of Cryptosporidium baileyi and Cryptosporidium parvum in free-range and commercial broiler chickens in the north part of Iran. For this purpose, 100 fecal and tissue samples of the chickens in Guilan province were collected. After microscopic examination using Ziehl-Neelsen staining, molecular analyses of the fecal samples were processed by Nested-PCR targeting the 18S rRNA gene followed by sequencing of the amplicons and phylogenetic analyses. Eventually, the tissue samples were studied for histological lesions. Findings demonstrated the presence of Cryptosporidium baileyi and Cryptosporidium parvum in 6 % and 2 % of fecal samples, respectively. This is the first identification of C.parvum in avian hosts in Iran, and for the first time, C.baileyi and C.parvum are shown in native free-range chickens in Iran. All of the PCR positive birds with clinical symptoms showed gross lesions of respiratory infections. There was no significant difference between infection rate in free-range and commercial broiler chickens; however, the infection rate was significantly higher in chickens <25 days old. To conclude, we present here a notable Cryptosporidium infection rate in the free-range chicks in Iran, which notify the role of this host as a reservoir and should be more noted due to the economic and zoonotic importance.     

A sero-epidemiological survey of Toxoplasma gondii infection in free-range and caged chickens in northeast China

Acquisition of Toxoplasma gondii infections is mainly through ingestion of parasite-contaminated food. T. gondii oocyst distribution in the living environment of human and livestock is directly linked to the prevalence of the parasite infection in humans and domestic animals. In this study, we investigated the sero-prevalence of T. gondii infection in free-range as well as caged chicken in northeast China. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential prevalence of T. gondii oocysts in the environments. Sera of 308 free-range chickens and 210 caged chickens collected in three areas in northeast China were tested for anti-T. gondii antibodies with ELISA assays. The infection rates of free-range and caged chickens were 34.7% and 2.8% respectively, indicating that the parasite is widely distributed in the environment and poses threatens to the health of people living in those areas.     

相同营养条件下五种鸡肉肌苷酸及其相关代谢物含量的比较研究

选用健康正常的1日龄宫廷黄鸡、快大黄鸡、广西黄鸡、罗曼蛋鸡和白羽肉鸡各120只,在相同营养条件下饲养至98日龄时屠宰,测定并比较各品种鸡的肌肉肌苷酸及其相关代谢物含量。试验结果如下,对于HYP的含量,罗曼蛋鸡极显著高于宫廷黄鸡和快大黄鸡(P<0.01),显著高于广西黄鸡(P<0.05),其它各品种间差异不显著(P>0.05)。对于IMP含量,宫廷黄鸡和快大黄鸡极显著高于白羽肉鸡(P<0.01)并显著高于罗曼蛋鸡(P<0.05),白羽肉鸡显著低于广西黄鸡(P<0.05),其它各品种间差异不显著(P>0.05)。对于INO含量,宫廷黄鸡和广西黄鸡极显著低于白羽肉鸡(P<0.01)。对于AMP含量,白羽肉鸡极显著高于广西黄鸡、宫廷黄鸡和快大黄鸡(P<0.01),罗曼蛋鸡显著高于广西黄鸡和快大黄鸡(P<0.05),宫廷黄鸡极显著低于罗曼蛋鸡(P<0.01)。对于ADP含量,宫廷黄鸡、广西黄鸡和快大黄鸡显著高于罗曼蛋鸡和白羽肉鸡(P<0.05)。校正IMP含量在各品种间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。