Sheath rot and leaf blight – a new disease of Java citronella caused by Rhizoctonia solani

A new disease of Cymbopogon winterianus , characterized by symptoms of sheath rot and leaf blight, has been observed in the Tarai region of Uttar Pradesh (IN). The pathogen has been isolated and identified as Rhizoctonia solani.     

一种新发生的玉米细菌性叶腐病病原菌分离鉴定

为了明确一种引起玉米叶片腐烂的细菌性病害的病原菌种类, 于2021年7月在甘肃省景泰县条山农场玉米种植区采集病样, 经稀释分离法进行病原菌分离纯化, 并通过致病性测定?形态学观察?生理生化特征观察及16S rDNA和gyrB序列分析相结合的方法对病原菌进行鉴定?结果表明, 选取的代表性菌株B1-0和B2-1均能使玉米叶片发病, 为革兰氏阳性致病菌, 产芽胞; 该病原菌需氧性?运动性?明胶液化?接触酶试验?柠檬酸盐利用?马铃薯腐烂试验均为阳性; 甲基红试验阴性; 能利用D-甘露醇?麦芽糖和葡萄糖, 不能利用甘油和肌醇, 不能水解淀粉, 在4℃?40℃和5%NaCl条件下均能生长?构建基于16S rDNA和gyrB的系统发育树, B1-0和B2-1与短小芽胞杆菌Bacillus pumilus(ATCC7061?BKS1-108?AUEC29?BP-hd-1?NMTD17和17)亲缘关系最近, 聚在一个分支?因此, 将该病原菌鉴定为短小芽胞杆菌B. pumilus?研究结果将为玉米细菌性叶部病害的研究和综合防治提供基础数据?     

欧文氏杆菌引起梨果腐的一种新病害研究初报

近年来,在山东泰安发现梨果实软腐的新病害。从病部分离到一种细菌。根据个体形态,培养性状,生理化反应,致病性郑州 研究结果,确认致病菌为大黄颈腐欧文氏杆菌Ｅｒｗｉｎｉａｒｈａｐｏｎｔｉｃｉ（Ｍｉｌｌａｒｄ）Ｂｒｕｋｈｏｌｄｅｒ,非梨火疫菌Ｅ．ａｍｙｌｏｖｏｒａ。     

灯盏花叶斑病病原物的分离及鉴定

首次报道了灯盏花主要栽培区发生的叶斑病的危害情况及其症状,经过病原物的分离鉴定、致病性试验,证明该病由Alternaria alternata侵染所致,灯盏花是该病菌的新记录寄主。     

北美森林新病害——山毛榉叶线虫病

2012年,北美地区发生了一种由山毛榉李氏垫刃线虫麦肯恩亚种(Litylenchus crenatae mccannii)引起的森林新病害——山毛榉叶线虫病,病情蔓延迅速,已扩散至美国和加拿大30个县。病原为害山毛榉属植物,可造成病树成片死亡。由于山毛榉是北美温带阔叶林的主要构成树种和重要用材树种,新病害已引起美国农业部的高度重视并采取积极的应对措施。我国分布5种山毛榉属植物(均为特有种),是我国南方森林的主要组成树种。鉴于我国每年从北美进口大量山毛榉木材,病原线虫存在随进境木材传入国内的巨大风险。因此,检疫部门应开展风险评估,口岸应针对性开展山毛榉叶线虫病的检测。本文主要介绍了山毛榉叶线虫病的发生历史、分布范围、为害症状、病原线虫形态学特征、生活史、传播途径、分子检测方法等方面的信息,以期为口岸检疫工作提供参考。     

Collar rot of Chlorophytum borivilianum caused by Corticium rolfsii: a new disease

A new disease of Chlorophytum borivilianum , characterized by symptoms of collar rot, has been observed in experimental farms of the National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India. The pathogen has been isolated and identified as Corticium rolfsii.     

一种值得关注的花生新病害：花生新赤壳菌基腐病

2010年在我国广东省首次报道了由侵管新赤壳菌(Neocosmospora vasinfecta)侵染引起的花生新赤壳菌基腐病.罹病花生植株萎蔫、植株茎基部和根系变黑腐烂,在潮湿条件下,罹病部位有浅红色子囊果.这是我国大陆首次报道的花生新病害.该病害在广东省的多个市县有发生,严重的发病率高达30％.除广东省外,该病在我国江西省也有分布和危害,其致病菌可进一步鉴定为侵管新赤壳菌非洲变种(N.vasinfecta var.africana).在广东省也发现了由侵管新赤壳菌侵管变种(N.vasinfecta var.vasinfecta)引起的大豆茎枯病.对侵管新赤壳菌的文献进行了简要的综述.     

Effect of the new pyrazole carboxamide fungicide penthiopyrad on late leaf spot and stem rot of peanut

BACKGROUND: Management of early leaf spot (Cercospora arachidicola Hori.), late leaf spot [Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. & MA Curtis) Deighton] and stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in the southeastern USA is heavily dependent upon sterol biosynthesis inhibitor (SBI) and quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicides. Effective new fungicides with different modes of action could improve overall disease control and extend the utility of the current fungicides. Penthiopryad is a pyrazole carboxamide fungicide being evaluated for use on peanut. Field experiments were conducted from 2004 to 2007 to determine the effect of a range of rates (0–0.36 kg AI ha^?1) of penthiopyrad on leaf spot and stem rot and the relative efficacy of penthiopyrad and current fungicide standards chlorothalonil, tebuconazole and azoxystrobin. RESULTS: Leaf spot control in plots treated with penthiopyrad at 0.20 kg AI ha^?1 or higher was similar to or better than that for the chlorothalonil standard. The incidence of stem rot for all penthiopyrad treatments was usually less than that for the tebuconazole or azoxystrobin standard treatments. Pod yields for all penthiopyrad treatments were similar to or higher than those for the respective standards. CONCLUSION: Penthiopyrad has excellent potential for management of late leaf spot and stem rot of peanut, and may complement current SBI and QoI fungicides. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

Influence of aldicarb on root lesion nematodes, leaf disease and root rot in wheat and barley

The effects of aldicarb on populations of root lesion nematodes (primarily Pratylenchus penetrans ) and on grain yields of spring barley and wheat were examined in the field over 3 years, 1981*83. The incidence of barley net blotch ( Pyrenophora teres ), wheat leaf blotch ( Leptosphaeria nodorum ), and common root rot ( Cochliobolus sativus ) was also recorded in 1982 and 1983. Aldicarb treatments reduced the size of root lesion nematode populations in soil and roots in all years, except in the mid-season soil sample in 1983. The severity of leaf disease was decreased only in 1982, but the incidence of root rot was not significantly affected by the nematticide. Although aldicarb increased cereal grain yields by approximately 15% there was no significant relationship between numbers of root lesion nematodes in roots and soil and fungal disease symptoms on barley and wheat.     

Thecaphora dahuangis,a new species causing leaf smut disease of the traditional medicinal plant dahuang (Rheum palmatum) in China

Chinese rhubarb (Rheum palmatum) is an important crop that has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for over 2,000 years. The main cultivation areas are the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Qinhai, Tibet, and Sichuan. Various fungal diseases threaten Chinese rhubarb, the most common of which is leaf smut. In literature, the causal agent of this disease is described as Thecaphora schwarzmaniana. We present morphological data and molecular phylogenetic data of two rDNA loci (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and 28S D1-D2) that justify the classification of the causal agent as a distinct species. Here we describe the new species Thecaphora dahuangis for the leaf smut pathogen of Chinese rhubarb.     

Occurrence of a new leaf spot disease ofMusa sp. incited byThanatephorus cucumeris

A new leaf spot disease of banana(Musa sp.) cv. ‘Rasthali’ (syn. Silk) was observed in Tamil Nadu, in 1987. The causal organism was isolated in pure culture and identified asRhizoctonia solarii Kühn. The teleomorphic stage,Thanatephorus cucumeris (Frank) Donk, has also been induced artificially. This is the first record of this pathogen causing leaf spot disease onMusa sp. The pathogenicity of basidiospores on several other important crops was also tested.     

西葫芦根腐和茎基腐病新病原-露湿拟漆斑菌Paramyrothecium roridum

 2013年12月,甘肃省白银市水川镇日光温室中的西葫芦发生了严重的根腐和茎基腐,部分棚室病株率达50%,从病根和病茎上分离得到拟漆斑菌属真菌3株,病株分出率27.3%。采用胚根和茎基部接种法测定了菌株FG-62对西葫芦的致病性:茎基部接种后27 d,植株开始出现凋萎;接种后40 d,两种接种法的西葫芦苗均呈现严重根腐和茎基腐症状,茎基部接种的西葫芦凋萎株率达30%;从病根和病茎上均可再分离出原接种菌。菌株FG-62在PDA平板上25℃培养14 d,产生大量墨绿色至黑色分生孢子座,分生孢子无色至淡榄黑色,单胞,杆状或腰鼓状,两端钝圆,大小为(7.04~9.15)μm ×(1.97~2.46)μm,聚集的分生孢子呈黑色。BLASTn分析结果显示,菌株FG-62(GenBank 登录号 MK252098)的rDNA-ITS序列与露湿拟漆斑菌Paramyrothecium roridum分离物E-469 (GenBank 登录号KY582183.1)和CBS 357.89(源自模式材料,GenBank 登录号NR_145077.1)的序列相似性分别达99.65%和96.83%。依据病原菌形态学和rDNA-ITS序列,将其鉴定为露湿拟漆斑菌P. roridum (Basionym:Myrothecium roridum)。这是露湿拟漆斑菌引起西葫芦根腐和茎基腐的首次报道。     

鸡冠花褐腐病病原鉴定

昆明‘99世界园艺博览会荷兰园，凤尾鸡冠花Celosia critata L.叶片，出现褐腐病。经鉴定，病原为柯氏柱枝双孢霉原湾种Cylindrocladium colhounii Peerally colhounii，为国内新记录病害。本文对病害症状、病原形态进行描述，附形态图。标本收藏于云南农业大学真菌标本室（MHYAU）。     

国内一种玉米新病害--玉米黑腐病

1999年7月云南省元谋县城郊玉米地发现一种玉米新病害,发病面积大约70hm2.其典型症状表现为植株矮化,节间缩短,叶片密集簇生,叶片上有黄绿相间的条斑.叶鞘上有坏死或腐烂病斑,幼穗腐烂,不实,严重者绝产,颗粒无收.从坏死或腐烂的叶鞘和果穗上可镜检到分生孢子及分生孢子梗.纯化培养后,并按柯赫氏法则进行接种试验,病原鉴定为柔弱无枝孢Acladium tenellum(Berk.& Curt.)Subram.comb.nov..本文对病害症状、病原形态、发病情况等进行了详细研究,确定该病为玉米一种新病害.     

国内一种果树新病害--石榴枯萎病

2001年在云南省蒙自县相继发生石榴枯萎病，经作者分离鉴定以及致病性测定，证明病害是由甘薯长喙壳Ceratocystis fimbriata Ellis and Halsted引起的，为国内果树新病害。对病害的症状、鉴定方法、病原菌形态及发生危害情况进行了描述。     

Colletotrichum species causing anthracnose disease in A. andraeanum,manifested as spathe rot also in addition to spadix rot and leaf spot.

European Journal of Plant Pathology - Anthurium is an ornamental flowering plant, cultivated in tropical and sub-tropical climates. Anthracnose is a major disease in anthurium, known to be...     

一种玉米新型细菌性褐腐病的病原鉴定

本研究从河北省武邑、献县、阜城和永年采集感病玉米植株。病株症状为叶梢枯死卷曲,叶脉产生黄色病斑,茎秆处黄褐色干腐。从发病植株中分离得到了10株疑似病原细菌菌株,经过回接验证和16SrDNA和gyrB基因的序列分析,结果表明,引起该病害的病原物为菠萝泛菌(Pantoea ananatis)和分散泛菌(Pantoea dispersa)。这是国内首次报道菠萝泛菌和分散泛菌引起玉米细菌性病害。     

草莓红叶根腐病病原菌分离与鉴定

0 引言 近年来,在草莓'甜查理'等品种上出现一种新病害,发病初期表现为叶片红色,后期全株萎蔫.2019年课题组对采自江苏省徐州市贾汪区的草莓红叶病样进行分离,初步鉴定为类拟盘多毛孢真菌.经与国内已报道危害草莓的类拟盘多毛孢真菌Neopestalotiopsis clavispora[1-5]比较,结果发现课题组分离的...     

Epidemiology of bacterial ring rot of potato in plant and soil–consequences for disease management

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - In five field experiments, carried out from 2002 to 2004, the infestation of potato plants and the contamination of soil with Clavibacter michiganensis...