芜菁花叶病毒欧亚分离物HC-Pro基因的克隆和序列分析

 16个芜菁花叶病毒(Turnip mosaic virus,TuMV)欧亚分离物分别来自奥地利、丹麦、德国、匈牙利、尼泊尔和英国6国。利用免疫捕获反转录PCR(Immunocapture RT-PCR,IC-RT-PCR)对16个分离物的HC-Pro(Helper component pro-teinase)基因进行PCR扩增,扩增产物克隆后进行序列测定,HC-Pro基因序列长度均为1374个核苷酸,编码458个氨基酸。16个分离物的HC-Pro基因核苷酸序列同源性为79.5%~99.8%,所编码的氨基酸同源性为94.1%~99.8%。对16个分离物及GenBank上已报道的其它14个TuMV的HC-Pro基因核苷酸的系统进化树分析表明:在16个TuMV欧亚分离物中,除了来自亚洲的分离物N23属Asian-BR组,其余15个来自欧洲的分离物都属于world-B组,其中分离物H1归属world-wide亚组,另外14个分离物则归属New World亚组。     

芜菁花叶病毒不同分离物3'-cDNA片段的克隆及序列分析

 从河北、北京、山东泰安和潍坊等地区的萝卜、大白菜、甘蓝、油菜上得到8个芜菁花叶病毒(Turnip mosaic virus,TuMV)分离物,测定了它们3'-末端cDNA片段的序列。根据衣壳蛋白基因(cp)核苷酸序列可以将这8个分离物与另外2个TuMV分离物分为3组:泰安旧镇大白菜(JZBC)、甘蓝(JZGL)和萝卜(JZLB)分离物为一组;北京(BJILB)、潍坊萝卜分离物(WFLB)与引起萝卜红心病的TuMV分离物(WFLB99)为一组;泰安范镇、河北、潍坊(WFLB04)萝卜和泰安旧镇油菜(JZYC)上的TuMV分离物为一组。农壳蛋白氨基酸序列比较结果与此基本一致,所不同的是分离物WFLB99与所有分离物的差异均较大,形成单独一个分支。有必要对TuMV的变异情况和致病机理进行深入研究。     

芜菁花叶病毒对油菜致病力差异及壳蛋白基因序列分析

 2004年春季参试的湖北、安徽2省11个芜菁花叶病毒(Turnip mosaic virus,TuMV)分离物感染4个油菜品种,病情指数幅度为26.2~76.0;秋季参试5个TuMV分离物感染14个油菜品种,病情指数幅度为38.3~55.9,均值方差分析表明,致病力差异分别达到极显著和显著水平。壳蛋白(CP)基因序列分析表明,来源于2省油菜、白菜、红菜薹、芝麻和萝卜的17个TuMV分离物与浙江分离物ZJB3序列同源性在97%以上,同属于MB类群;而另一个萝卜分离物WRS1与ZJR1、CH1和CH2分离物序列同源性在95.4%~98.7%之间,属于MR类群。类群间分离物序列同源性仅为88.0%~92.2%。遗传进化树分析表明,萝卜分离物WRS2在MB类群中单独构成一个分支,可能是MR类群和MB类群发生重组的后代。     

Resistance to Turnip mosaic virus in Brassica rapa and B. napus and the analysis of genetic inheritance in selected lines

Forty-two Brassica rapa and Brassica napus lines were tested for resistance to Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) isolates representing the three major pathotypes in Europe. Of these lines, 11 were susceptible to all pathotypes; nine were resistant to one pathotype; eight were resistant to two pathotypes; and 14 were resistant to all three pathotypes. Of the lines tested, 23 were either able to, or had the potential to, discriminate between two different pathotype-3 isolates. Genetic models for inheritance of resistance were proposed for four B. rapa lines: Jong Bai No. 2 had dominant resistance to pathotype 1 conferred by a single allele; PI418957C and Jin G 55 had recessive resistance to pathotype 4 where a single allele was required; PI418957C also had recessive resistance to pathotype 3 where a model with one of two epistatic, unlinked loci was proposed. Jong Bai No. 1 also had recessive resistance to pathotype 3, apparently conferred by alleles at three loci, where any two of the three loci were epistatic and required for resistance.     

芜菁花叶病毒长春分离物p3基因的克隆、序列分析及P3蛋白抗血清的制备

 用RT-PCR方法从长春感染芜菁花叶病毒( Turnip mosaic virus,TuMV)的十字花科蔬菜中扩增获得该病毒的p3基因,并对其序列进行了比较分析。结果表明,本研究所获得的10个TuMV分离物p3基因含1 065个核苷酸,其序列一致率为98.8%~99.6%,与GenBank中其他15个TuMV分离物核苷酸一致率为80.9%~99.4%。根据p3基因核苷酸序列构建的系统进化树显示:25个TuMV分离物可分为4个组,本研究得到的10个TuMV分离物均属于basal-BR组。将TuMV JCR06分离物p3基因N端663 bp片段克隆至原核表达载体pET-28a(+),并在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3) pLysS中表达出分子量约为28 kDa的融合蛋白。以纯化的融合蛋白为抗原免疫家兔,制备了P3蛋白的特异性抗血清。以TuMV侵染的萝卜为抗原,间接ELISA测定抗血清的效价为1∶2 048。Western blotting分析表明,制备的抗血清能与诱导表达的融合蛋白发生特异性反应。     

Defective Long-distance Transport of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cucumber mosaic virus </Emphasis>in Radish Is Efficiently Complemented by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Turnip mosaic virus</Emphasis>

A strain of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV-D8) systemically infects Japanese radish (Raphanus sativus), but the Y strain of CMV (CMV-Y) only infects the inoculated leaves. Both of these strains cause severe systemic mosaic on the plants after dual infection with Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV). Synergistic interactions on long-distance transport of CMV-Y and CMV-D8 with TuMV were analyzed using an immunobinding assay. Direct tissue blots probed with either anti-CMV-Y or anti-TuMV antiserum clearly showed that CMV-Y efficiently spread and accumulated in the tissues of noninoculated upper leaves and roots when co-inoculated with TuMV, and that long-distance movement of CMV-D8 was enhanced by the presence of TuMV. Received 16 September 1999/ Accepted in revised form 5 February 2000     

黄瓜花叶病毒两个甜瓜分离物的基因组及其侵染性克隆

为明确黄瓜花叶病毒（cucumber mosaic virus,CMV）甜瓜分离物的分子变异情况及其侵染性,对2个甜瓜分离物CH99和XH18的基因组进行克隆、测序和分析,并通过构建全长cDNA克隆分析其侵染性。结果显示,黄瓜花叶病毒甜瓜CH99分离物3条RNA长度分别为3 356、3 049和2 211 nt,甜瓜XH18分离物3条RNA长度分别为3 381、3 048和2 217 nt。分离物CH99与XH18的核苷酸序列一致性为89.40%～95.80%,氨基酸序列一致性为90.00%～97.80%,CH99分离物与其他CMV分离物的核苷酸和氨基酸序列一致性平均值分别为79.23%～89.29%和73.52%～93.90%,XH18分离物与其他CMV分离物的核苷酸和氨基酸序列一致性平均值分别为79.81%～89.83%和74.02%～95.14%。遗传发育分析显示,这2个分离物均属于亚组IB成员。接种试验结果显示,分离物CH99和XH18的侵染性克隆构建成功,这2个分离物均能系统侵染本生烟、甜瓜和黄瓜,并在本生烟和甜瓜上引起较严重的症状,在黄瓜上引起的症状较弱,而二者均不能侵染西...     

小麦黄花叶病毒(WYMV)2个山东分离物的全基因组序列及进化分析

利用5'RACE结合一步法RT-PCR分别从山东泰安与临沂冬小麦上克隆了小麦黄花叶病毒(Wheat yellow mosaic virus,WYMV)的全基因组序列。这2个分离物(TADWK和LYJN)基因组间核苷酸一致性分别为97.21%(RNA1)和95.12%(RNA2)。通过对目前已报道的共14个分离物的基因组不同部分的分析,表明5'UTR是WYMV基因组变化幅度最大的区域,而编码区(ORF)及3'UTR的序列一致性较高且变动幅度小。另外,发现LYJN RNA2的5'UTR与已报道的所有分离物RNA2的核苷酸一致率仅为90%左右。综合分析RNA1和RNA2的系统发生树,表明WYMV各基因组片段呈单独进化特征,不同分离物间存在RNA重排。RNA重组分析显示在LYJN RNA1和TADWK RNA2发现了RNA重组。此研究说明WYMV在山东地区存在分离物分化现象,WYMV的5'UTR是基因组中的突变热点。     

河北东部沿海地区野生大豆病毒病抗性与几种酶活性的关系

 对来源于河北东部沿海地区的129份野生大豆进行抗大豆花叶病毒病鉴定。结果表明,2.3%的野生大豆抗大豆花叶病毒病,14.7%的野生大豆表现为中抗,26.4%的野生大豆表现为中间反应类型。选取11份不同抗性水平野生大豆进行生化指标的比较,相关分析表明,POD和SOD酶活性与野生大豆对病毒病的抗性无明显的相关性,而PPO和PAL活性与野生大豆对病毒病的抗性呈显著正相关,可利用PPO和PAL活性作为野生大豆病毒病抗性鉴定的参考指标。     

An unusual isolate of turnip mosaic potyvirus fromAbutilon theophrasti in Piedmont, Italy

An isolate of the poty virus turnip mosaic virus (TuMV-Ab) showing severe mosaic symptoms inAbutilon theophrasti from Piedmont (northwestern Italy) in 1993, has been found to be of an unusual pathotype and serotype. The isolate was easily transmitted byAphyis gossiypii and Myzus persicae and was not seed-transmitted inA. Theophrasti. The host range of TuMV-Ab was different from that of another Piedmont isolate of TuMV fromAlliaria officinalis and from a TuMV isolate fromBrassica napus. TuMV-Ab was characterized using the reactions on the fourB. Napus lines S4, R4, 165 and S1 as the rare pathotype 7, found only once previously in Europe. Tests with polyclonal antisera indicated that TuMV-Ab was only distantly related to the two other TuMV isolates. Serological characterization with a panel of 30 monoclonal antibodies showed that TuMV-Ab belonged to one of the less common serotypes (JPN).     

苜蓿花叶病毒ELISA检测方法的建立及其在大豆病毒调查和抗性资源鉴定中的应用

苜蓿花叶病毒(alfalfa mosaic virus, AMV)是一种世界性分布、宿主范围广、具有严重危害性的植物病毒,能引起大豆的严重病害。本研究利用原核表达的AMV CP蛋白制备的抗血清,建立了高效、准确的AMV间接ELISA检测方法,并应用于病害调查和抗性鉴定,结果表明制备的3份抗血清对重组蛋白和AMV感染的大豆植物粗提液的效价均达到256 000倍,血清特异性分析结果显示3份抗血清仅识别感染AMV的大豆叶片,不识别感染大豆花叶病毒(soybean mosaic virus, SMV)的大豆叶片。通过建立的AMV间接ELISA与常规RT-PCR同时对采集的50份疑似感染AMV的大豆样品进行检测,有46份样品检测结果一致,符合率达92%。利用建立的AMV ELISA方法和课题组已建立的SMV ELISA方法对吉林省大豆主产区的大豆样品进行病毒检测的结果表明,病毒检出率为38.30%,SMV的检出率达30.85%,AMV的检出率达17.06%,复合侵染率为9.61%。对接种AMV的40个大豆品种进行抗性鉴定,结果显示40份大豆全部感染AMV,但是病毒载量存在差异,部分品种表现出AM...     

我国太子参主产区病毒病发生情况调查

为调查我国太子参主产区病毒病发生情况,使用RT-PCR法对采自福建省柘荣县,贵州省施秉县、丹寨县和安徽省宣城市的71份具有典型病毒病症状的太子参样品进行检测,并根据CP氨基酸序列对不同地区病毒进行系统进化分析。RT-PCR结果显示,65份样品检出病毒,检出率为91.55%,其中,56份样品检出芜菁花叶病毒Turnip mosaic virus(TuMV),49份样品检出蚕豆萎蔫病毒2号Broad bean wilt virus 2(BBWV2),9份样品检测出黄瓜花叶病毒Cucumber mosaic virus(CMV),检出率分别为78.87%、69.01%和12.68%。未检测到烟草花叶病毒Tobacco mosaic virus(TMV)。序列和系统发育进化分析显示,本研究获得的TuMV、BBWV2和CMV与NCBI数据库中的序列相似度较高,核苷酸相似度分别为98.05%～98.98%、93.61%～94.25%和98.02%～99.17%,氨基酸序列相似度分别为:96.14%～97.47%、97.33%～98.50%和98.00%～100%,分别属于World-B组、Ⅰ-a亚...     

白草花叶病毒承德玉米分离物3′-cDNA 片段序列分析

 采自河北承德11 个表现矮花叶症状的玉米样品,用甘蔗花叶病毒(Sugarcane mosaic virus, SCMV)和白草花叶病毒
(Pennisetum mosaic virus, PenMV)简并引物扩增了基因组3′ 端约2. 1 kb 的片段并进行测序。Blast 结果表明其中8 个样
品含有PenMV。扩增到的PenMV 序列均为2 135 nt,包括部分NIb 基因(985 nt)、完整的CP 基因(909 nt)和3′-UTR(241
nt)。这8 个分离物CP 基因和3′-UTR 与GenBank 上其他PenMV 分离物相应序列的核苷酸一致率分别为89. 8% ~ 93． 4%
和95. 9% ~ 97. 9% 。根据扩增的2 135 nt 序列和CP 基因序列构建系统发育树,8 个分离物与GenBank 上其他PenMV 分离
物都分为2 个组:山西组和承德组。重组分析表明CD9 的CP 基因存在重组。     

进境番茄种子中番茄花叶病毒的检测与鉴定

利用双抗夹心 酶联免疫吸附试验(DAS-ELISA)和反转录 聚合酶链式反应（RT-PCR）方法对来自韩国的番茄种子进行种传病毒检测。结果表明,在该批番茄种子中检测到番茄花叶病毒（ToMV）和烟草花叶病毒（TMV）。PCR产物测序结果表明,ToMV特异引物（ToA/ToB）与TMV特异引物（TA/TB）扩增的片段均为ToMV的外壳蛋白（CP）基因及3′非编码区（3′ UTR）,该片段与其他ToMV分离物的核苷酸序列相似性为98.2%~99.9%。本研究利用重新设计合成TMV和ToMV特异引物对该批种子进行RT PCR检测,仅ToMV特异性引物（ToMf1/ToMr1）扩增到670 bp的预期片段,TMV特异引物（TMf1/TMr1）则未出现特异性扩增,表明重新设计的引物可准确区分ToMV和TMV。以上结果证实该批番茄种子仅携带ToMV。     

基于外壳蛋白基因的湖南烟草黄瓜花叶病毒遗传多样性分析

为探明湖南烟草上发生的黄瓜花叶病毒Cucumber mosaic virus(CMV)的遗传多样性及分子进化特征,对来自湖南烟区的303份疑似感染病毒的烟草样品进行检测,分析CMV系统发育、遗传变异和群体结构等特征。结果表明：部分分离物的外壳蛋白(coat protein, CP)基因与NCBI上登录的CMV分离物的一致性为86.34%～98.42%;系统发育分析发现湖南烟草CMV分离物属ⅠB组,不同组间的分离物地理特征不明显,无重组现象,进化的主要驱动力是负选择;组间遗传变异比较明显,基因交流频率较低,受到遗传漂变影响,遗传多样性高,群体趋于扩张。研究结果为烟草抗CMV育种提供了理论依据,对病害防治具有重要意义。     

我国12省市玉米矮花叶病病原鉴定及病毒致病性测定

 利用甘蔗花叶病毒(Sugarcane mosaic virus,SCMV)单克隆抗体细胞株2B5腹水和SCMV、玉米矮花叶病毒(Maize dwarf mosaic virus,MDMV)、高粱花叶病毒(Sorghum mosaic virus,SrMV)和约翰逊草花叶病毒(Johnsongrass mosaic virus,JGMV)的特异性引物对我国浙江、江苏、上海、山东、河南、河北、北京、山西、陕西、甘肃、四川、云南12省市15个地点的176株玉米矮花叶病病样分别进行了间接ELISA和免疫捕获反转录PCR (IC-RT-PCR)检测,结果表明这些病样均含有SCMV,而无MDMV、SrMV或JGMV存在,表明上述12省市的玉米矮花叶病病原为SCMV。进一步对甘肃(GS)、四川(SC)、云南(YN)3个SCMV分离物的近全长CP基因进行了序列测定,并测定了浙江分离物(ZJ)和甘肃分离物(GS)在13个玉米品种上的致病性。     

Changes in the glucosinolate content of oilseed rape plants following infection with turnip mosaic virus

Low and high glucosinolate cultivars of oilseed rape were analysed for variation in both individual and total glucosinolate content up to 27 days after inoculation with turnip mosaic virus. Both infected and control plants of the two cultivars differed in the concentration of aliphatic, aromatic and indole glucosinolates. The biggest differences in glucosinolate content between the cultivars were found in the aliphatic and aromatic glucosinolate groups. Infected plants of the high glucosinolate cultivar, Solida, possessed lower amounts of glucosinolates, than did healthy control plants. Similar results were obtained with a low glucosinolate cultivar, S1. No significant difference was found between the two cultivars in resistance to turnip mosaic virus, using qualitative and quantitative ELISA to determine virus content in their tissues.     

葫芦种子传黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒的检测*

从感染黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒（Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus, CGMMV）的葫芦植株上收取种子,通过苗期症状观察法、双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法（DAS-ELISA）、免疫捕获反转录PCR（IC-RT-PCR）法测定葫芦种子的带毒情况,并用生物学接种方法测定葫芦种子携带病毒的侵染活性。苗期症状观察法结果表明,199株幼苗有2株表现花叶斑驳症状,种子传毒率为1.01%;而利用DAS-ELISA和IC-RT-PCR法随机检测30粒葫芦病株种子,CGMMV检出率为100%。种子各部位携带的CGMMV接种葫芦表现典型的花叶斑驳症状,表明葫芦种子携带的CGMMV具有侵染活性。DAS-ELISA检测葫芦种子CGMMV的灵敏度为1/5120种子研磨液。     

黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)2个山西分离物CP序列测定及亚组分类分析

 在生物学检测的基础上,利用酶联免疫检测、非序列依赖性PCR(sequence-independent amp-lification, SIA)对感病番茄进行分子鉴定,表现卷叶和花叶症状的番茄均被黄瓜花叶病毒(Cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)侵染,分离物分别命名为SXFQ(GenBank登录号为JX993914)和FQ(GenBank登录号为JX993912)。为明确其分类地位,对二者外壳蛋白(coat protein, CP)进行克隆和测序分析。应用DNAMAN软件对本课题组前期检测的7个CMV山西分离物、SXFQ、FQ以及其他3个CMV典型分离物CP序列进行比较分析,发现核苷酸和氨基酸序列最大相似性分别为77.1%~100%和81.6%~100%。氨基酸序列系统进化分析表明,9个CMV山西分离物属于CMV亚组I B的2个分支,其中在指示植物上表现较强症状的SXFQ与其他5个分离物为一分支,在指示植物上表现较弱症状的FQ与其他2个分离物为另一分支。对9个山西分离物CP进行亚组分类分析,结果表明其理化性质、稳定性、疏水性与预测结果相近,2个分支的分离物分别出现相近的氨基酸变异和蛋白结构,存在一定规律性。     

Differences in cultivar response and complete sequence analysis of two isolates of wheat yellow mosaic bymovirus in China

Seeds of selected European and Japanese winter wheat cultivars were grown at two experimental sites in China, namely Yaan, Sichuan province (YA), and Yangzhou, Jiangsu province (YZ), where wheat yellow mosaic bymovirus (WYMV) was severe. There were some differential responses of the cultivars to the virus isolates present at the two sites. The complete nucleotide sequence of both RNAs of both virus isolates was determined. Their genome organization was identical to that reported for a Japanese isolate and the sizes were very similar. Nucleotide comparisons demonstrated that parts of the CI and NIa coding regions on RNA1 and the N-terminal part of the P2 coding region on RNA2 were particularly variable, while substantially conserved regions occurred in the 3' UTR of RNA2, the 7K, one part of the CI and parts of the NIb and coat protein. It seems unlikely that differences in the 7K and NIa-VPg proteins are responsible for virulence differences and the CI and NIb regions were considered the most promising for further study.