西藏阿旺绵羊羊毛品质分析

旨在进一步阐明阿旺绵羊种质资源特征,为制定阿旺绵羊羊毛生产与质量控制标准提供科学依据。采用现场鉴定和实验室检测方法对270份采集自不同年龄、不同性别阿旺绵羊不同部位的羊毛样品品质进行分析研究。现场测定结果表明：阿旺绵羊成年公、母羊的平均羊毛长度分别为90.3、71.0 mm,平均剪毛量分别为1.35、1.00 kg;育成公、母羊平均羊毛长度分别为61.5、58.3 mm,平均剪毛量分别为1.08、0.84 kg;阿旺绵羊油汗颜色为白色或乳白色,油汗含量以1/2、1/3为主。实验室检测结果表明：成年公羊肩、侧、股3个部位毛长度分别为95.40、99.68、115.44 mm,成年母羊肩、侧、股3个部位毛长度分别为65.72、62.39、83.06 mm;育成公羊肩、侧、股3个部位毛长度分别为80.52、86.11、103.63 mm,育成母羊肩、侧、股3个部位毛长度分别为62.95、64.53、78.95 mm;采自3个不同部位的270份羊毛样品的纤维类型平均占比分别为：无髓毛占72.98%,有髓毛占21.31%,两型毛占5.47%;无髓毛平均直径为25.97 μm,直径离散26.79%;有髓毛平均直径为69.59 μm,直径离散23.63%;两型毛平均直径为41.99 μm,直径离散26.65%;粗毛纤维直径范围为24.66-72.15 μm,肩、侧、股部的纤维直径变化无规律。     

Multiple cutaneous mast cell tumors in a dog: a case report and brief review

A spayed female yellow Labrador Retriever was presented to the small animal clinic at the Western College of Veterinary Medicine with an ulcerated, draining mass on the caudal aspect of the right thigh. Multiple small, hairless masses were also present on the thorax and in the flank folds. Fine-needle aspiration and cytological examination revealed well-differentiated mast cells and numerous eosinophils. A diagnosis of multiple cutaneous mast cell tumors was made. The clinical and cytological findings of this case are discussed, as well as the treatment and prognosis for mast cell tumors in general.     

Assessment of superficial contamination of bovine and ovine carcasses from the municipal slaughterhouse of Constantine in Algeria

The neck, shoulder, flank, and thigh of 36 bovine and 30 ovine carcasses were swabbed for bacteriological analyses. The greatest microbial load was found on the neck. The site averages for the flora analyzed indicated that the levels of contamination were greater than those in similar studies in France, Morocco, and Tunisia.     

Necrotising fasciitis associated with Escherichia coli in a dog

CASE HISTORY: Lameness and limb pain associated with a laceration in the inner thigh of a Border Collie dog progressed over 4 days to extensive necrosis of the full-thickness of skin and subcutaneous (S/C) tissue. A successful outcome was achieved using surgical debridement and intensive supportive care, followed by limited local closure, axial pattern flap development, and free skin grafting. CLINICAL FINDINGS: Clinical findings included severe pain, depression, pyrexia and hypoalbuminaemia, and full-thickness loss of skin from the caudal thigh to the hock. Histopathologically, debrided tissue showed extensive necrosis of the dermis, adipose and muscle tissues, and the presence of numerous Gram-negative rods. Escherichia coli was cultured from deep tissue samples. DIAGNOSIS: Necrotising fasciitis (NF) associated with E. coli infection. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: NF associated with E. coli has not been previously reported in dogs. The importance of early diagnosis and surgical debridement is noted and the relevant medical literature is reviewed.     

Necrotising fasciitis associated with Escherichia coli in a dog

CASE HISTORY: Lameness and limb pain associated with a laceration in the inner thigh of a Border Collie dog progressed over 4 days to extensive necrosis of the full-thickness of skin and subcutaneous (S/C) tissue. A successful outcome was achieved using surgical debridement and intensive supportive care, followed by limited local closure, axial pattern flap development, and free skin grafting.

CLINICAL FINDINGS: Clinical findings included severe pain, depression, pyrexia and hypoalbuminaemia, and full-thickness loss of skin from the caudal thigh to the hock. Histopathologically, debrided tissue showed extensive necrosis of the dermis, adipose and muscle tissues, and the presence of numerous Gram-negative rods. Escherichia coli was cultured from deep tissue samples.

DIAGNOSIS: Necrotising fasciitis (NF) associated with E. coli infection.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: NF associated with E. coli has not been previously reported in dogs. The importance of early diagnosis and surgical debridement is noted and the relevant medical literature is reviewed.     

Simultaneous use of bilateral caudal superficial epigastric axial pattern flaps for wound closure in a dog

A neutered male German shorthaired pointer sustained severe bite wounds to the left caudal flank and thigh area. Thorough wound lavage and debridement was performed immediately and also three days after presentation. Daily wound dressing resulted in the production of a mature granulation tissue bed. Prior to wound closure, colour flow Doppler ultrasonography was used to confirm blood flow through the right and left caudal superficial epigastric arteries and veins. Sixteen days after presentation, right and left caudal superficial epigastric axial pattern flaps were simultaneously elevated to cover the defect. The right flap was elevated as an island flap, rotated 120 degrees and used to cover the caudodorsal aspect of the defect. The left flap was elevated and rotated dorsally to cover the cranioventral aspect of the defect. Ninety per cent wound coverage was achieved and flap survival was total. The donor site defect was closed primarily and no dehiscence occurred. Three months postsurgery, the entire defect was closed and limb function was normal.     

Immunohistochemical localization of fibroblast growth factor 18 in hair follicles of healthy beagle dogs

Increasing emphasis is being placed on the role of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) in hair follicle cycling. In mice, expression of FGF18 mRNA peaks during the late telogen phase, leading to the hypothesis that FGF plays a role in anagen induction. There are no data on the presence of FGF18 in dogs. The main objective of this study was to identify and locate FGF18 in the canine hair follicle. The second objective was to assess potential differences in FGF18 concentration between biopsies taken in winter and summer, shoulder and flank regions, and between different sexes. Skin tissue from 10 healthy beagle dogs (three intact females, three spayed females and four intact males) was collected from the shoulder and flank. The biopsies were collected in February and August on day 0, after which the dogs were clipped and biopsies collected again from the shoulder and flank on days 1, 3, 7 and 17. Paraffin sections (4 μm thick) of the biopsies were stained with an anti-FGF18 antibody. The FGF18-positive cells were counted in the hair follicle epithelium from seven follicular units of each biopsy. Fibroblast growth factor 18 was detected as granular cytoplasmatic staining in follicles at the level of the inner root sheath, and rarely in the outer root sheath and dermal papilla. It was also detected in the apocrine glands, in arrector pili muscles and in vascular endothelial cells. There was no statistical difference in the number of FGF18-positive cells or follicles between sexes, different anatomical locations, seasons or the consecutive days of sampling.     

Supplementation of graded levels of organic zinc in the diets of female broilers: effects on performance and carcase quality

Zinc is an essential trace element. The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of various levels of organic zinc (OZ) supplementation on growth performance and carcase quality of female broiler chickens. A total of 3200 1-d-old female broiler chicks were randomly allotted to 16 floor pens with 200 birds per pen. A maize-wheat-soyabean meal basal diet (Control) was formulated and 20 mg/kg OZ (20 OZ), 40 mg/kg OZ (40 OZ), and 80 mg/kg OZ (80 OZ) were added to the basal diet to form 4 dietary treatments with 4 replicates per treatment. The OZ source was zinc proteinate which contained 15% zinc. Results showed no significant difference between the treatments in growth performance. A significant increase in thigh skin epidermis and dermis thickness was shown in the OZ supplementation groups; however, no effect was found on the thickness of back skin epidermis and dermis. Collagen contents in breast and thigh meats were not influenced by OZ supplementation but a significant increase in collagen content was found in the back and thigh skin. This increase in collagen content was significantly greater in the back and thigh skin of OZ 80 than with OZ 20. Shear force value and zinc concentration in skins and meat were not significantly influenced by supplementation with OZ. It is concluded that dietary OZ does not improve growth performance of broilers; however, it could increase skin thickness by increasing collagen content in skin, thereby improving carcase quality.     

Effect of magnesium on reactive oxygen species production in the thigh muscles of broiler chickens

1. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of magnesium (Mg) on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the thigh muscles of broiler chickens. A total of 96 1-d-old male Arbor Acre broiler chickens were randomly allocated into two groups, fed either on low-Mg or control diets containing about 1.2 g/kg or 2.4 g Mg/kg dry matter. 2. The low-Mg diet significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and decreased glutathione (GSH) in the thigh muscles of broiler chickens. ROS production in the thigh muscle homogenate was significantly higher in the low-Mg group than in the control group. Compared with the control, muscle Mg concentration of broiler chickens from the low-Mg group decreased by 9.5%. 3. Complex II and III activities of the mitochondrial electron transport chain in broilers on low-Mg diet increased by 23 and 35%, respectively. Significant negative correlations between ROS production and the activities of mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complexes were observed. 4. The low-Mg diet did not influence contents of iron (Fe) or calcium (Ca) in the thigh muscles of broiler chickens and did not influence unsaturated fatty acid composition (except C18:2) in the thigh muscles. 5. A low-Mg diet decreased Mg concentration in the thigh muscles of broiler chickens and then induced higher activities of mitochondrial ETC, consequently increasing ROS production. These results suggest that Mg modulates the oxidation-anti-oxidation system of the thigh muscles at least partly through affecting ROS production.     

Intestinal choristoma in the subcutis of a dog

A 2-year-old, spayed female, Labrador Retriever-cross presented with a subcutaneous mass of several weeks' duration in the right flank region. Surgical excision and histologic examination were performed. The 1.0-cm-diameter mass was circumscribed, unencapsulated, and cystic with a bilayer wall. The inner layer resembled intestinal mucosa, including a tall columnar lining epithelium, crypt-like glands containing scattered neuroendocrine cells that were strongly immunopositive for synaptophysin, and a supporting lamina propria-like fibrovascular tissue that contained lymphocytes and plasma cells. The outer layer was 1- to 2-mm thick and was composed of intersecting and blending bundles of smooth muscle and collagen. Given the presence of organized intestinal tissues in the subcutis, the lesion was consistent with intestinal choristoma.     

Nerve sheath tumours in the dog and cat

Schwannomas were diagnosed in twelve dogs and five cats at Massey University Small Animal Clinic and Hospital over a 15-year period (1977-92). A further two feline cases were reported at the Batchelar Animal Health Laboratory. In six dogs, the tumour involved nerves of the brachial plexus. Clinical signs observed in these dogs were forelimb lameness, muscle wasting and pain on movement of the affected limb or neck. Hindlimb paresis was observed in two dogs. Surgical excision of the brachial plexus tumour was attempted in one dog, leading to an 8-month remission of signs. In one dog, the tumour involved the sacral nerves, and in two dogs the cranial nerves were affected. Three dogs had skin nodules. Seven of the twelve affected dogs were destroyed. In five cats, the tumours developed on the carpus, tarsus or interdigital area of a forelimb or hindlimb as a slowly developing nodular lesion. In the other two cats, the site of the tumour was the flank and the lateral thigh respectively. Surgical excision of the tumour was successful in three cats.     

Blanket and flank sucking in Doberman Pinschers

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate blanket and flank sucking and any association with pica in Doberman Pinschers. DESIGN: Survey and case-control study. ANIMALS: 153 Doberman Pinschers (77 dogs with blanket or flank sucking and 76 unaffected dogs). PROCEDURES: Owners of Doberman Pinschers with blanket sucking, flank sucking, or both were surveyed regarding the age of onset, triggers, frequency, duration, interruptability, and associated medical and behavioral consequences. A putative association of blanket sucking and flank sucking with pica was examined by comparison of affected dogs with unaffected dogs. RESULTS: Apart from the difference in the object of oral activity between blanket and flank suckers, age of onset was the only variable that differed between dogs with the 2 conditions. Dogs with blanket or flank sucking had a higher prevalence of pica than the unaffected population. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Blanket and flank sucking are apparently related conditions that can occur with sufficient intensity to cause medical sequelae. These nonnutritive suckling behaviors share similarities with other canine compulsive disorders and are associated with pica. Veterinarians should advise owners that flank and blanket sucking are abnormal, potentially harmful behaviors in dogs. Treatment should be considered for severely affected dogs or when flank or blanket sucking is associated with medical problems.     

丁酸梭菌对肉鸡腿肌脂肪代谢的影响

本试验旨在研究丁酸梭菌对肉鸡腿肌脂肪代谢的影响。试验选用1日龄爱拔益加肉公鸡192只,随机分为2个组,每个组6个重复,每个重复16只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂在基础饲粮中添加1×10~9CFU/kg丁酸梭菌的饲粮,试验期为42 d。结果表明,与对照组相比:1)饲粮中添加丁酸梭菌显著增加了21日龄肉鸡腿肌肌内脂肪含量(P0.05),但对42日龄肉鸡腿肌肌内脂肪含量无显著影响(P0.05)。2)饲粮中添加丁酸梭菌显著降低了21日龄肉鸡腿肌激素敏感脂肪酶活性(P0.05),显著提高了21日龄肉鸡腿肌脂蛋白脂酶活性(P0.05),且有增加42日龄肉鸡腿肌脂蛋白脂酶活性的趋势(0.05P0.10)。3)饲粮中添加丁酸梭菌显著降低了21日龄肉鸡血清中游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸含量(P0.05)。4)饲粮中添加丁酸梭菌显著降低了21日龄肉鸡腿肌脂肪甘油三酯脂肪酶mRNA表达量(P0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加丁酸梭菌可通过改变21日龄肉鸡腿肌脂肪代谢相关酶活性和基因表达来增加肉鸡腿肌肌内脂肪含量。     

Successful surgical removal of fibroma from the uterus of a cow: a case report

A Holstein-Friesian cow aged 6 years aborted twice at 3-4 months of gestation. On rectal palpation a growth was palpable in the apex of one uterine horn. The growth was removed by right flank laparotomy under sedation and paravertebral nerve block. The growth was diagnosed to be a fibroma. The cow conceived and calved normally after the operation.     

Psychogenic colic in a horse

A 4-year-old mixed-breed gelding was presented with colic-type behavior of 5 days' duration that included pawing, looking at the flank area, and kicking and biting at the abdomen and flank when it was eating hay or grain. Medical evaluation did not reveal the cause of the "colic." During its stay in the hospital, the horse improved as regarded the colic-type behavior while eating, but resumed this behavior when it was able to see hay that it was not allowed to eat. It was determined that the persistent colic-type behavior developed as a result of the horse having been repeatedly displaced from its food by other horses. When the horse performed the colic-type behavior, the owner would remain with it and effectively protect it from competitors. The initial bout of colic may have been a result of true colic, psychosomatic colic secondary to stress, redirected aggression, or displacement activity.     

Salmonella typhimurium abscess as a postoperative complication in a horse with colic.

An 11-year-old, 430-kg fox-trotter stallion was referred for evaluation of colic. A right-sided inguinal hernia was diagnosed. At exploratory laparotomy, the ileum was found to be herniated through the right inguinal canal. Compromised small intestine was resected, jejunocecal anastomosis was performed, and the horse was castrated. Three days after surgery, the stallion would not bear weight on the left hind limb. The musculature of the left thigh region became swollen. Aspiration of the left thigh region yielded serosanguineous fluid from which Salmonella typhimurium was isolated. Ultrasonography of the left thigh revealed multiple hypoechoic areas suggestive of abscess. The left medial thigh region was surgically incised, and a large abscess was drained. Bacteriologic culture of feces yielded S typhimurium. The owner elected to have the horse euthanatized.     

A gene co‐expression network analysis of the candidate genes and molecular pathways associated with feather follicle traits of chicken skin

Back and thigh skin of chickens showed significant differences in the thickness and the feather follicle density and size, which are important traits for slaughtered chickens' appearance. In the present study, global gene expression profiling was conducted in the back and thigh skin of chickens using Microarray technology. The results showed that 676 genes were differentially expressed between back and thigh skin. The expression of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including PPP1R3C, IGF1, PTCHD1, HOXB6, FGF9, CAMK4, SHH, BMP8B, FOXN1 and PTGER2, was validated by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR), and the results were consistent with microarray results. Functional analysis revealed that the DEGs were significantly involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, adhesion and transport process, and the pathways were significantly mapped into the ECM‐receptor interaction, peroxisome, focal adhesion, Hedgehog and PPAR signalling pathways. Protein–protein interaction network analysis suggested that signalling pathways related to feathers morphogenesis and development, such as Wnt, FGF, MAPK, SHH and BMP signalling pathways, occupied important positions in the network. Genes involved in these signalling pathways and adhesion molecules might play a vital role in skin and feather follicle development. Further single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) association analysis of Wnt3A showed that the AC genotype of SNP g.255361 C>A significantly increased the feather follicle density of thigh skin. Our findings may provide new insights on candidate genes and pathways related to skin and feather follicle formation of chickens.     

奶牛股部和乳房后部清洁度对日产奶量及体细胞数的影响

为探究奶牛体表清洁度在实际生产中的应用意义,本研究通过评价河南省3个奶牛场472头泌乳天数在0~330 d的中国荷斯坦奶牛股部清洁度和乳房后部清洁度,并结合2014年7月河南省牛奶记录系统(dairyherd improvement,DHI)中心提供的数据,对清洁度与平均日产奶量、体细胞数评分(somatic cell score,SCS)的关系进行分析,并探究两个清洁度评分之间的相关关系。采用广义线性模型(GLM)对数据进行统计分析,固定效应模型除清洁度评分外,还包括泌乳阶段效应和场-胎次效应等。结果表明,清洁度评分对SCS和平均日产奶量均无显著影响(P>0.05)。股部清洁度评分对平均日产奶量回归系数为-0.14,即每增加1分,奶牛平均日产奶量降低0.14 kg/头;乳房后部清洁度评分对平均日奶量回归系数为-0.02,每增加1分,奶牛平均日产奶量降低0.02 kg/头。对于SCS,股部清洁度评分≥ 4分时,SCS ≥ 5的比例极显著增加(P<0.01);乳房后部清洁度评分≥ 3分时,SCS ≥ 5的比例有增加趋势(P=0.0546)。相关性检验和相关系数估计结果显示,股部和乳房后部清洁度评分间呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。因此,奶牛体表清洁度不仅是牛群的管理指标,而且可通过清洁度评分有效了解牛群乳房的健康状况,对日常生产过程具有很大帮助。     

Effects of Thigh and Rear Udder Hygiene on Daily Milk Yield and Somatic Cell Score

To investigate the importance of dairy cow hygiene for management, the objective of this research was to determine the relationship between hygiene scores and daily milk yield as well as somatic cell score(SCS), and also the relationship between thigh and rear udder hygiene scores.The hygiene scores of thigh and rear udder were collected from 472 lactating cows in 3 Holstein dairy farms in Henan province, and dairy herd improvement(DHI) data for July, 2014 was also collected.After correcting the influence of fixed effects including lactating stage and dairy-parity, the effects of thigh and rear udder hygiene scores on daily milk yield and SCS were analyzed using SAS 9.1 with general linear model(GLM) procedure.The results showed that thigh and rear udder hygiene scores had no significant effect on average daily milk yield and SCS(P>0.05).For average daily milk yield, the regression coefficients of thigh and rear udder hygiene scores were-0.14 and-0.02, respectively.This meaned if thigh and rear udder hygiene scores increased 1 score, average daily milk yield of each cow would decrease 0.14 and 0.02 kg, respectively.For SCS, when thigh hygiene score ≥ 4, the proportion of cows with SCS ≥ 5 increased extremely significantly(P<0.01);when rear udder hygiene score ≥ 3, the proportion of cow with SCS ≥ 5 tended to increase(P=0.0546).Significant test for correlation and correlation coefficient estimation results showed that, there was a extremely significantly positive correlation discovered between thigh and rear udder hygiene scores(P<0.01).Therefore, hygiene scores was not only a management indicator, also could help understand udder health condition, which was beneficial for management.     

Aspects of the microbiology of vacuum‐ and gas‐packaged chicken,including pre‐treatments with lactic acid and potassium sorbate

1. Vacuum packaging and gas packaging (CO₂:N₂; 1:9 or 2:8) gave useful extensions to the shelf‐lives of both breast and leg and thigh portions of chicken.

2. Extension of shelf‐life was more marked at 1 ^°C than at 4 to 5 ^°C and with breast portions rather than leg and thigh portions.

3. Psychrotrophic Enterobacteriaceae were more likely to be a problem at the higher storage temperature on breast portions and Alteromonas putrefaciens on leg and thigh portions.

4. Lactic acid and potassium sorbate pre‐treatments were of value in controlling multiplication of Alt. putrefaciens on leg and thigh portions.