Effects of Age and Season on Weight and Some Biochemical Attributes of the Accessory Genital Glands of the One-humped Male Camel (Camelus dromedarius)

Contents: The current study was conducted on the accessory genital glands of 117 mature (4.5 to over 15 years) one-humped male camels collected from the main Cairo abattoir over a peroid of one year. The weight of the accessory glands showed a consistent increase with age up to 10.5–15 years, where a maximum of 4.24, 16.07 and 4.90 gm for the ampullae, prostate and bulbo-urethral galnds was recorded. The overall average weights were 3.85,14.12 and 4.49 gm for these glands respectively. On the other hand, seasonal variations in weight of the accessory glands were highly significant (P < 0.01) for ampullae and significant (P < 0.05) for both prostate and bulbo-urethral glands, where maximum values of 4.88, 15.77 and 5.04 gm for the foregoing glands respectively were noted during spring. Total fructose and citric acid contents/gland in the ampullae, prostate and bulbo-urethral glands reached their highest levels in camels of 10.5–15 years, where mean values of 4.64, 14.44 and 3.37 mg for the first and 1.19, 3.23 and 2.23 mg for the second were noted for these glands respectively. Seasonal variations in fructose and citric acid contents of the accessory glands were significant with peaks of 5.30, 11.82 and 3.82 mg for the first and 1.09, 4.24 and 2.17 mg for the second for the foregoing glands respectively were recorded during spring. Inhalt: Einfluβ von Alter und Jahreszeit auf Gewichte und einige biochemische Merkmale der akzessorischen Geschlechtsdrüsen beim einhöckerigen männlichen Kamel (Camelus dromedarius) Die vorliegende Studie wurde an den akzessorischen Genitaldrüsen von 117 erwachsenen (4,5 bis über 15 Jahre alten) männlichen Dromedaren durchgeführt. Die Gewichte der akzessorischen Drüsen zeigten einen kontinuierlichen Anstieg mit zunehmendem Alter bis zu 10,5 bis 15 Jahren. Um diesen Zeitpunkt wurden 4,24; 16,07 und 4,9 g für die Ampulla-, Prostata- und Bulbo-Urethral-Drüse ermittelt; die durchschnittlichen Gewichte betrugen 3,85; 14,12 und 4,49 g. Saisonale Schwankungen im Gewicht der akzessorischen Drüsen waren hochsignifikant (p < 0,01) für Ampulle und signifikant für (p < 0,05) für Prostata- und Bulbo-Urethral-Drüsen. Maximalwerte lagen bei 4,8; 15,77 und 5,04 g für die entsprechenden Drüsen im Frühling. Gesamt-Fructose- und Citrat-Gehalt pro Drüse in Ampulla-, Prostata und Bulbo-Urethral-Drüsen erreichen die höchsten Konzentrationen bei Kamelen von 10,5 bis 15 Jahren mit Durchschnittswerten von 4,64; 14,44 und 3,3 7 mg für Fructose und 1,19;3,23 und 2,23 mg für Citrat. Saisonale Unterschiede in Fructose- und Citrat-Gehalt dieser Drüsen waren signifikant mit Höchstwerten im Frühling von 5,30; 11,82 und 3,82 mg für Fructose und 1,09; 4,24 und 2,17 mg für Citrat.     

免疫细胞在牦牛附睾和输精管的分布规律

旨在研究免疫细胞在健康雄性牦牛附睾和输精管的分布。采用免疫组织化学和实时荧光定量(qRT-PCR)方法对幼龄(5~6月龄)及成年(3~4岁)牦牛附睾(头、体、尾)和输精管中CD68⁺巨噬细胞、CD3⁺ T淋巴细胞、CD79α⁺ B淋巴细胞、IgA⁺和IgG⁺浆细胞的分布特征及其表面标志分子的表达水平进行研究。结果显示：CD68⁺巨噬细胞、CD3⁺ T淋巴细胞、CD79α⁺ B淋巴细胞、IgA⁺和IgG⁺浆细胞主要分布在附睾管和输精管的上皮和间质;另外,CD68和CD3 mRNA和蛋白水平在各年龄组牦牛附睾头和附睾体显著高于附睾尾和输精管(P < 0.05),而CD79α、IgA和IgG mRNA和蛋白水平在附睾尾和输精管显著高于附睾头和附睾体(P < 0.05);此外,在成年牦牛附睾和输精管CD3、CD79α、IgA、IgG、CD68 mRNA和蛋白水平均显著高于幼龄牦牛(P < 0.05)。综上提示,牦牛附睾头可能主要是细胞免疫发生的位点,而附睾尾和输精管则主要进行体液免疫应答,此外,成年牦牛附睾和输精管的局部免疫可能更完善,以上数据为进一步研究高原牦牛局部生殖免疫和病理提供了形态学资料。     

坐骨神经内神经诱向因子的制备与表达

用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳在坐骨神经损伤侧远端提取具有神经诱向生长作用的18kDa蛋白作为抗原，通过免疫BALB／C小鼠，经杂交瘤技术与ELISA法筛选，获取稳定分泌单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株。免疫组织化学法和计算机图像处理系统显示：生后1，3，7，14，21和28日龄大鼠坐骨神经中18kDa蛋白免疫反应的分布，此分布随年龄发育而逐渐减弱。     

Gender Differences in the Anatomy of the Perineal Glands in Guinea Pigs and the Effect of Castration

Perineal glands in guinea pigs are part of the sebaceous glandular complex. Their secretions are used for scent marking. This is important for social status and can be seen in both sexes and castrated males. Discrepancy exits about the existence of these glands in female guinea pigs and knowledge of the anatomical consequences of castration on the male perineal glands is sparse. To examine these uncertainties related to gender, perineal glands from 13 sexually mature pet guinea pigs were examined macro‐ and microscopically. Clear gender differences in the anatomy of perineal glands were found, and castrated males showed signs of atrophy and fatty infiltration in the glands. Females do have perineal glands, although smaller than the glands in the male. The glands are typically sebaceous with multiple excretory ducts. A macroscopic unique feature in the males was the clearly evident orifices of a large excretory duct on each side of the slightly everted perineal sac. However, the reason for this gender difference is not clear. In castrated males, the orifices were atrophied and difficult to see. In addition, the sebaceous glands of the hair follicles in the skin folds of the perineal opening were smaller and less abundant in females and castrated males. The changes in castrated males are presumably linked to the hormonal changes and decreased secretion after castration. The dense keratin layer in the perineal sac was thicker in males than in both castrated males and females and could contribute to the concrement formation seen mainly in males.     

Effects of Castration on Peritoneal Fluid in the Horse

Twenty-four clinically normal horses were castrated by routine methods. Peritoneal fluid was collected prior to castration and at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days postcastration. Peritoneal fluid was collected on days 9 and 11 if nucleated cell (NC) counts were still markedly elevated on day 7. Peritonitis, defined as NC counts greater than 10,000/microliters, was evident in 15 horses following castration. Mean NC counts peaked on day 5 but were less than 10,000/microliters for 74% of the horses by day 7, and 90% of the horses by day 9. One horse had a NC count greater than 60,000/microliters on day 11 when sampling ended. Postcastration peritoneal fluid was obviously blood-tinged in 21 horses. Peak RBC counts occurred on day 3 but markedly decreased by day 5. Elevated peritoneal RBC counts correlated well with elevated NC counts (P less than 0.001). Horses with peritonitis tended to have fever (P less than 0.05). Other clinical signs of peritonitis were not apparent.     

麦角甾苷及松果菊苷对体外培养大鼠成骨细胞BMP2基因表达的影响

为了观察麦角甾苷和松果菊苷对体外培养大鼠成骨细胞BMP2基因表达的影响.本试验采用酶消化法分离得到大鼠颅骨成骨细胞,在第3代成骨细胞中分别加入含有不同浓度麦角甾苷和松果菊苷的培养液进行培养,在培养的不同时间收集细胞、提取细胞总RNA,采用实时荧光定量PCR方法观察对成骨细胞BMP2基因表达的影响.结果表明,麦角甾苷和松...     

去势对鸡肉品质及风味的影响

通过比较不同鸡品种去势及未去势鸡肉pH值、剪切力及肉品风味,研究去势对鸡肉肉质和风味的影响。试验结果表明,无论是白来航还是寿光鸡,去势鸡肉质感官综合评定结果均优于未去势鸡。这表明去势改善了鸡肉风味,使之更加鲜嫩多汁,富有口感。     

去势对公犬血清抗氧化指标的影响

[目的] 研究去势对公犬血清抗氧化指标的影响。[方法] 选择12只健康1岁龄左右的雄性中华田园犬,随机分成对照组和去势组,每组6只,饲养5 d后开始进行试验。对两组犬抽血,对去势组进行睾丸摘除术,对照组不做手术。之后两组分别采集术后第5、10和15天的血液,将所有血液离心获取血清,检测血清中的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性,以及过氧化氢（H₂O₂）和丙二醛（MDA）含量,分析两组之间4项指标的差异显著性。[结果] 对照组和去势组的SOD活性无显著差异（P>0.05）,去势组的GSH-Px活性在去势后第5、10和15天低于对照组,且两组差异显著（P<0.05）。去势组去势后第10天和第15天的MDA和H₂O₂含量均极显著（P<0.01）高于对照组。[结论] 去势对公犬血清SOD活性无明显影响,可导致公犬血清GSH-Px活性显著降低,MDA和H₂O₂含量显著升高。     

The Gross and Micro Anatomy of the Accessory Sex Glands of the Male Agouti (Dasyprocta leporina)

This study was a follow up to the study on the gross anatomy of the male agouti ( Dasyprocta leporina ) reproductive system. The seminal vesicles of the agouti are lobulated structures. The mean diameter of the large lumen is 883.6 ± 76.83 μm. The mucosa (24.1 ± 0.92 μm), which is lined by pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium is thrown into folds, which often branch. The lamina muscularis mucosa is thin and is made of loose connective tissue containing blood vessels. The mucosa of the leaf-like coagulating glands of the agouti is folded. The mean diameter of the lumen is 488.3 ± 41.96 μm. The mucosa contains tubuloalveolar glands, which have a mean length of 199.5 ± 28.83 μm. The thin epithelium, 15.0 ± 1.25-μm wide, consists mostly of pseudo-stratified columnar cells. The epithelium also has surface modifications in the form of apical blebs and cilia. The epithelium of the agouti's lobulated prostate gland is also folded creating a large lumen with a mean diameter of 995.5 ± 55.70 μm. The mucosa contains tubular and tubuloalveolar glands, each having a mean length of 134.4 ± 13.59 μm. The epithelium (13.9 ± 1.16 μm) consists of pseudo-stratified columnar cells. The pea-shaped bulbourethral gland (BG) of the agouti consists of convoluted tubular, mucous secretory units, which are irregularly shaped each with a mean length of 177.9 ± 7.10 μm and a mean width of 63.5 ± 3.97 μm. The BG of the agouti are ventro-lateral to the rectum and dorsally positioned to the pubic symphysis, and connected to the urethra by short ducts.     

Effects of High Copper on Inflammatory Factors and Cell Proliferation in Rat Kidney Cells

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of copper poisoning on the expression of inflammatory factors and cell proliferation in renal tissues of rat. In this study, 32 healthy rats aged 20 days were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups, 8 in each group. The rats were fed as follows: The copper concentration in the control group was 15 mg·kg^-1; high-copper group I: 30 mg·kg^-1; high-copper group Ⅱ: 60 mg·kg^-1; high-copper group Ⅲ: 120 mg·kg^-1. After continuously feeding for 6 months, the mRNA and their proteins expression of Ki-67, PCNA, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-18, NF-κB, TNF-α in renal tissues were detected. The results demonstrated that the relative expressions of Ki-67,PCNA mRNA and proteins in renal tissues were significantly decreased with the increase of copper content in feed (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the mRNA expression levels of inflammatory factors including IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-18, NF-κB, TNF-α in renal tissues were significantly increased (P<0.05). Besides, the relative expression of IL-1β protein was up-regulated in a dose dependent manner, and the relative expression levels of IL-6 and IL-18 proteins increased first and then decreased. In summary, the finding suggested that high copper stimulation inhibited the cell proliferation of rat kidney tissue, promoted the expression of inflammatory factors, and caused inflammatory damage.     

去势术对雄性中华田园犬脂代谢的影响

[目的] 研究去势术对雄性中华田园犬脂代谢的影响。[方法] 将12只年龄、体重相近的中华田园犬分为非手术组和去势组,对去势组中华田园犬进行去势手术,观察并测定术前第1天、术后第14天、术后第21天血清中甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）含量,以非手术组作为对照,分析去势术对雄性犬脂代谢的影响。[结果] 去势组与非手术组相比,血清中TG含量在第14天到第21天显著上升;血清中TC含量相比非手术组呈下降趋势;HDL第14天和第21天都低于非手术组;LDL都高于非手术组,整体呈上升趋势。[结论] 去势手术会影响雄性中华田园犬机体脂类代谢,会导致去势犬甘油三酯升高,总胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白下降,低密度脂蛋白上升。     

高铜对大鼠肾细胞炎性因子和细胞增殖的影响

旨在探讨铜中毒对大鼠肾组织炎性因子的表达和细胞增殖功能的影响。本研究选用32只20日龄健康大鼠随机分为4组,每组8只,其中,对照组日粮的铜（Cu）浓度为15 mg·kg^-1;高铜Ⅰ组日粮Cu浓度为30 mg·kg^-1;高铜Ⅱ组日粮Cu浓度为60 mg·kg^-1;高铜Ⅲ组日粮Cu浓度为120 mg· kg^-1。连续饲喂6个月,检测肾组织Ki-67、PCNA、IL-1β、IL-2、IL-6、IL-18、NF-κB、TNF-α的mRNA及其蛋白的表达。随着日粮中铜含量增高,肾组织中Ki-67、PCNA mRNA及其蛋白表达量显著降低（P<0.05）。炎性因子IL-1β、IL-2、IL-6、IL-18、NF-κB、TNF-α mRNA的表达水平显著升高（P<0.05）,IL-1β蛋白的表达水平呈剂量依赖性上升,IL-6和IL-18蛋白表达水平先上升,后下降。结果表明,日粮铜含量高于30 mg·kg^-1时,将不同程度地抑制大鼠肾组织的细胞增殖,促进炎性因子的表达,造成炎性损伤。     

不同年龄去势对獭兔生产性能的影响

以淘汰公獭兔为研究对象，探讨不同年龄去势对生长速度、屠宰性能和皮肉性能的影响。结果表明：于３－３．５月龄、２．５－３月龄和２－２．５月龄去势，在３个月的饲养期内，生长速度分别比对照兔提高１８．３４％（Ｐ＜０．０５）、２４．７８％（Ｐ＜０．０１）和１７．５６％（Ｐ＜０．０５）；而料重比除了３－３．５月龄去势组比对照兔增加了２１．７２％外，其它两组分别降低了３４．４２％和２９．５４％；去势对屠宰率及肌     

植物雌激素对动物乳腺发育影响研究进展

动物乳腺是雌性哺乳动物的特征之一,分泌乳汁哺育幼仔的同时,动物乳汁也成为人类非常重要的健康食品,所以动物乳腺发育、分泌乳汁及排乳和乳腺疾病的预防等已成为乳用动物重要的研究内容。植物雌激素(PE)作为纯天然活性物质,根据动物体内雌激素浓度高低、受体数目、结合程度以及本身剂量的不同表现出不同效果,利用这一特性把植物雌激素做为生理调节剂,通过它对内分泌的影响、改变内源激素水平、调控机体生理生殖和营养代谢过程来促进哺乳动物乳腺发育,增加产乳动物乳产量。论文就植物雌激素对动物乳腺发育影响研究进展进行综述,为促进乳制品产业健康发展提供参考。     

Toll样受体在生殖道和母胎界面的表达及其作用

文章围绕Toll样受体近年来主要的研究进展,探讨其在生殖道和母胎界面的表达和作用,为防治生殖系统疾病提供新的思路。     

Expression of Renin in the Rat Liver

Renin is well-known to be a trigger enzyme in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). In contrast to the classical RAS, the local RAS has recently been noted in several tissues. The local RAS has a function independent from that of the classical RAS, although its physiological principles are not well known. In the present study, we immunohistochemically demonstrated that hepatocytes in the rat express renin. No renin-immunoreactive cells were detected in rat liver at 0 min after death. At 15 min after death, a small number of renin-positive cells was demonstrated in the lamina hepatica, and they increased with time to the end of observation. Immunoreactivity for renin was scarce throughout the cytoplasm, sometimes condensed to below the cell membrane and around the intracellular granules. Histoplanimetrically, the values from 15 min to 120 min after death were significantly different from that at 0 min after death. Hybridohistochemistry revealed no hybrid signals throughout the liver at either 0 min or 30 min, although renin-immunoreactivity was clearly demonstrated in adjacent sections of liver at 30 min after death. In RT-PCR, the radioactivities in kidney and liver at 0 min after death were not different from those at 30 min after death, respectively. These results suggest the existence of hepatic renin in the rat.     

苜蓿总黄酮对未达性成熟期及成年雌性大鼠下丘脑-垂体-卵巢性腺轴相关基因表达量的影响

为研究苜蓿（Medicago sativa）黄酮对动物未达性成熟期及成年期下丘脑-垂体-卵巢性腺轴相关基因表达量的影响,以雌性大鼠为模式动物,分为5个试验组：3个苜蓿黄酮剂量组（120,400,1200 mg·kg^-1）和2个对照组（己烯雌酚0.5 mg·kg^-1、空白对照组）。结果表明：未达性成熟期雌鼠中、高剂量组和己烯雌酚组促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）表达量显著降低（P<0.05）;低剂量苜蓿黄酮组促黄体生成素（LH）表达量显著高于高剂量组（P<0.05）;其卵巢中苜蓿黄酮高剂量组促卵泡生成素受体（FSHR）表达量极显著升高（P<0.01）;芳香化酶（CYP19A-1）在苜蓿黄酮低剂量组表达量极显著升高11倍（P<0.01）,在己烯雌酚组显著升高8倍（P<0.05）。成年大鼠苜蓿黄酮3个剂量组和己烯雌酚组的GnRH表达量显著降低（P<0.05）;低剂量苜蓿黄酮的促黄体生成素受体（LHR）表达量极显著升高6倍（P<0.01）,CYP19A-1表达量比空白对照提高8倍（P<0.05）。苜蓿黄酮对不同生理阶段雌鼠影响各不相同,但都通过下丘脑-垂体-卵巢性腺轴产生负反馈调节,并通过负反馈调节显著抑制了GnRH的表达,从而影响雌鼠性腺轴上其他相关基因的表达量。