Dairy APHIN— an information service for the dairy industry in Prince Edward Island, Canada

A computerized health and production information network (APHIN: Animal Productivity and Health Information Network) was developed in Prince Edward Island (P.E.I.) to serve the livestock industries. The dairy portion of the network is designed primarily to aid in the reduction of the unit cost of production in dairy herds through the routine monitoring of key parameters. The network also supports the distribution of detailed data for more intensive investigation of specific problems. The network consists of microcomputers in various locations in the province plus a central database housed a the Atlantic Veterinary College, University of P.E.I. Computerized data ffrom three sources are shipped to the central database on a monthly basis, analyzed and summarized. This summarized information is then distributed to veterinarians and dairy extension specialists who convert it into graphs of performance for presentation to dairy producers.     

乳品法规结构化管理平台研究

通过结构化手段,建立食品法规管理平台,形成与食品开发管理协同的数据管理体系.乳制品研发企业通过执法人员完成对乳品法规解析后,建立结构化的乳品法规标准库.开发人员基于信息化手段,严格遵从乳品法规标准进行乳品开发工作.通过信息化手段实现结构化法规数据与产品开发数据进行匹配性检查.确保乳品开发合规性,保证企业的持续稳定发展.     

基于Internet/Intranet集约化奶牛场精细养殖技术平台的构建

在windows 2000 advanced Server环境上，利用SQL Server 2000网络数据库系统，通过将集约化奶牛场生产管理过程基本要素数字化并建成奶牛场精细养殖数据库体系框架后，结合了B／S与C／S两种结构的优点，构建了基于Internet／Intranet集约化奶牛场精细养殖技术平台。按预设的奶牛生命周期各种基本参数，利用技术平台自动产生的模拟数据，全面验证了平台开发的预期目标，即建成的平台系统能按奶牛个体跟踪至少5代以上的祖先系谱，能监测可能出现的子代近交系数，能动态反映由不同类型牛只组成的牛群结构，尤其在采集奶牛个体体况信息的基础上，根据系统设置预测养分需要的模型，精准计算个体奶牛的日营养需要并优化日粮配方，基本实现了以个体信息为基础的奶牛精细饲养。最后指出该技术平台的发展方向是建立以构件技术为基础的三层体系结构，为Web Server应用提供更大的空间。     

奶牛良种登记和个体选配PDA设备的设计与开发

本研究利用实时嵌入式操作系统Microsoft Windows CE.NET,C#,eMbedded VisualC++4.0,SQL Server CE数据库,设计开发以PDA(Per-sonal Digital Assistant)技术为手段的奶牛个体选配电子设备-掌中宝。本设备主要具有以下三种功能:(1)在现场实现奶牛基本资料的采集和录入;(2)对奶牛体型外貌按加拿大评分标准现场评分;(3)对奶牛进行个体选配、系谱资料等遗传信息采集,配种员输入待改良的指标和与配公牛冻精号,便可自动获取选配结果。在采集工作完成后可与台式计算机连接将数据保存在奶牛信息管理系统内。     

农区奶牛数字化管理系统应用

系统采用B/S架构,运用Java语言开发,使用Windows2003Server作为运行平台,使用MicrosoftSQLSERVER2000作为数据库服务器,系统运行于Internet上,利用Internet构建数字化奶牛管理系统网络。按照管理权限分州、县、乡三级设若干个管理站,将农区奶牛的繁育、防疫、交易等信息纳入系统,实现农区奶牛相关信息的远程数据化动态管理。只要能接入Internet的地方就可能访问数字化奶牛管理系统。     

奶牛育种技术的专利信息分析

为促进我国奶业更好更快地发展,应从根本上解决奶牛育种问题。本文以奶牛育种领域发明专利为研究对象,通过对国家知识产权局专利数据库提供的发明专利进行数据挖掘和可视化处理,完成了奶牛品种选育和遗传改良领域的专利申请趋势和专利布局概况,旨在探明国内外重要申请人的技术发展路线,同时为国内育种学家提供有价值的技术情报。     

奶牛热应激遗传机制研究知识图谱分析

本文基于关键词共现分析和文献共引分析等计量学方法,分析了1990—2020年科学引文索引数据库所收录的奶牛热应激遗传机制领域共1026条科技文献,统计了这些文献的作者、发文机构和年度发文量等,绘制了该领域共被引文献与关键词的共现网络图谱.重点通过高被引文献和高频关键词,透视了国际上该领域整体研究状况和研究热点,解读了该...     

Genetic parameters of birth weight trait in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius)

Tropical Animal Health and Production - Birth weight data of dromedary calves from the database of one of the world’s largest dairy herds (Dubai, UAE) were analyzed for the period from 2007...     

不同季节、地域及养殖方式对原料乳成分的影响研究

原料乳的质量是乳制品质量与安全的关键因素。我国奶牛养殖分布于不同的区域,不同饲养方式下的原料乳质量差异较大。本研究对不同养殖方式、不同季节和不同区域的原料乳成份进行了系统分析,建立了不同基地牛乳质量数据库,对控制原料乳质量具有重要意义。     

奶牛肢蹄病辅助诊断专家系统的设计与实现

本研究旨在辅助基层奶牛养殖人员对奶牛肢蹄病的诊断，提高奶牛肢蹄病的诊疗水平。通过模拟兽医临床诊断思维，采用带有阈值的知识不确定性表达方法，应用置信系数多值逻辑对知识模糊性进行评价。借助C#开发语言、ASP.NET操作平台及SQL Server 2008r2数据库管理工具，设计基于B/S结构的奶牛肢蹄病辅助诊断专家系统。该系统实现对奶牛肢蹄疾病的正向诊断、反向诊断和鉴别诊断及对奶牛肢蹄疾病的病历管理、知识查询等功能。利用该系统可有效提高基层养殖人员对奶牛肢蹄病的诊断与治疗水平。     

季节对成乳母牛产粪量及粪N、P、Cu、Zn等污染物排放量的影响

[目的]为控制与治理奶牛场污染提供科学的理论依据与数据基础。[方法]本文选择健康状况良好、胎次与产奶量相近的中国荷斯坦成乳母牛5只作为试验对象,采用全收粪法研究成乳牛在一年四季中产粪量及粪污染物(N、P、Cu、Zn和有机质)排放量的变化情况及规律。[结果]表明:季节对成乳母牛产粪量与粪样中的含水率、有机质及N、P、Cu、Zn污染物的排放量均存在着极显著(P0.01)或显著(P0.05)的差别。[结论]从而,根据不同季节产粪量及粪中污染物排泄规律来研究配置符合成乳母牛的均衡饲料配方,可达到既满足成乳母牛的生产需要,又能最大限度地降低污染物排放量,减少奶牛场污染的目的。     

奶牛饲料配方软件概述

本文从饲料配方软件的优化模型、营养需要模型、饲料原料数据库三方面入手介绍了配方软件的发展、应用以及发展趋势,旨在让刚接触奶牛配方软件的新手对配方软件有个初步的了解。     

An economic assessment of twin births in British dairy herds.

The effect of twinning on the subsequent health, production and reproductive performance of dairy cattle was studied by analysing the data derived from 19,755 calvings which occurred during three years on 37 farms. The data formed part of the database of a veterinary practice operating the DAISY dairy cow recording scheme for its dairy farmer clients. The average twinning rate was 2.5 per cent. For first calf heifers the rate was 0.9 per cent, and the rate increased with increasing parity to over 5 per cent for cows calving for their sixth and subsequent lactations. Although they produced more milk than their contemporaries, twin-bearing cows suffered an increased incidence of retained placenta and vulval discharges and their calving to conception interval was extended by 33 days. Furthermore, 35 per cent of these cows were culled compared with 21 per cent of their contemporaries. The benefit of having more calves for sale was reduced owing to 15 per cent of them being born dead. It is calculated that producing twins resulted in an average loss of income of 74 pounds/cow, a deficit of 15 per cent compared with cows having single calves.     

Milk yield, age at first calving, and the risk of BSE: an analysis at the farm level in France

The epidemic of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in France, as in the UK, has affected dairy cattle much more than beef cattle. However, the intensification of dairy herd management as a risk factor for BSE has not to date been analyzed. For this purpose, two databases were merged: the French Milk Records database, and the French BSE database, which can be considered as being devoid of notification bias since July 2001, when systematic tests were implemented. Only pure Holstein herds were considered, which represent the vast majority of total and BSE-affected dairy herds in France. A case-control study was designed so that 20 control herds were matched to each case herd according to the location of the farm and the year of birth of the index case. Three thousand and forty five farms were included, among which 145 with a BSE case notified between July 2001 and July 2003, and 2900 controls. With respect to the risk of BSE, odds ratios for each class of milk yield and age at first calving were estimated by using conditional logistic regression models with appropriate adjustments to herd size. The two main results were the following: firstly, whereas most Holstein herds, with average production between 7000 and 10,000kg, had nearly the same BSE risk, a small category of very intensive herds, with annual milk yields above 10,000kg, were significantly more at risk than the other herds. Secondly, a very early first calving (under 26 months of age) was found to be at risk for BSE as compared to other categories, independently of the milk yield. These results are discussed in the light of the known age-dependent susceptibility to BSE.     

利用满二叉树遍历算法搜索个体奶牛的祖先谱系

在项目搭建的“奶牛精细养殖综合技术平台”上，将对动物个体祖先谱系的跟踪问题转化为满二叉树的数据结构后，选用前序遍历搜索算法，编写了追溯奶牛个体面向4代祖先的自定义“找祖先”函数，利用平台系统设定参数产生的模拟数据，实现了4代以内祖先的谱系跟踪，同时还提供雌性祖先的生产性能数据；以跟踪的谱系数据为基础，将“找祖先”函数和计算近交系数的原理相结合，实现了某个体与指定公牛（或母牛）交配后裔的近交系数监测，以控制近亲繁殖。研究还进一步指出，只要改变寻找祖先的起点，就能实现超过4代的祖先谱系分析。但是，个体谱系高世代（中亲或远亲）追踪必须以超越时空的、完整的奶牛繁殖档案数据库为基础，因此建议尽快建立我国奶牛繁殖科学数据库。     

VAMPP: a veterinary automated management and production control programme for dairy farms (the application of MUMPS for data processing)

The application of MUMPS in a computerised recording system for herd health and production control on dairy farms is reviewed. MUMPS is an interactive multi-user database management system, which is both an operating system and a high level computer language. In this system, coding of veterinary and management events prior to data entry is not needed. Programmes and data structure can easily be adapted and extended due to the features of MUMPS. The system for dairy farms allows epidemiological analyses, due to the flexibility of the programme. The programme is used by farmers and veterinary surgeons by means of terminals linked to a central computer. The system provides action lists for farmers and veterinary surgeons; the information on these lists is presented in a multidisciplinary way. Several herd reports and analyses, including frequency distributions and graphs, are given. These reports enable the investigation of cross-relations between farm aspects, and aid in the detection of problem areas.     

Characterization of Minnesota dairy herds participating in a Johne's disease control program and evaluation of the program risk assessment tool

The objectives of this study were to: (1) characterize Minnesota dairy herds participating in a Johne's disease control program (JDCP) based on herd size, milk production, and clinical Johne's disease (JD) history, (2) evaluate if change in farm management practices, expressed in risk assessment (RA) total score, is associated with the change between the first and most recent ELISA test herd seroprevalence or change in clinical JD culling rate, and (3) identify farm factors associated with ELISA seroprevalence. A total of 1234 RA, performed between January 2000 and February 2004, were available for analysis from 714 dairy herds. ELISA test results from herd sampling between 2000 and 2004 were obtained from the Minnesota board of animal health (MBAH) database, and were available for 474 herds. Both the first and the most recent ELISA test results for herds with more than one RA were available for 262 herds. Mean herd size and mean annual milk production per cow was higher in JDCP dairy herds (161 milking cows) than either all Minnesota dairy herds or Minnesota dairy herd improvement association (DHIA) herds. For herds with more than one RA available, the most recent RA total score was significantly lower (mean 11% less) than the first. The change in RA total score (and any RA subtotal scores) between the first and most recent RA was not associated with the change between the first and the most recent ELISA within-herd seroprevalence or the change in JD culling rate between the first and most recent RA. The most recent ELISA test results were positively associated with postweaned heifer score and JD culling rate. The RA score was not found to be an effective tool for the prediction of ELISA seroprevalence.     

2008-2009年反刍动物营养研究进展Ⅸ.围产期

围产期是奶牛泌乳和繁殖周期中最为关键的时期,与奶牛的健康状况和生产性能等方面密切相关。笔者综述了2008-2009年发表在CNKI和PubMed数据库及ADSA-ASAS年会中与奶牛围产期方面相关的文献。通过反刍动物围产期生理变化规律的阐述及围产期奶牛日粮营养的调控,对改善围产期动物生产性能和繁殖性能具有重要意义。     

Bayesian spatio-temporal modelling of national milk-recording data of seasonal-calving New Zealand dairy herds

A spatio-temporal analysis was undertaken with the aim of identifying the dynamics of herd mean individual cow SCCs (MICSCC) in seasonally calving New Zealand dairy herds. Two datasets were extracted from the Livestock Improvement Corporation's extensive national dairy recording database: (1) milk-recording data aggregated at the herd-level and (2) sales questionnaire data containing information on the size, location and infrastructure of each farm. A Bayesian spatio-temporal modelling approach was applied to the analysis. The data were aggregated by 10 km² grid cells and linear regression models were developed with spatially structured and unstructured random effects, a linear temporal trend random effect and spatial-temporal interactions for log-transformed median MISCC (ln(median MISCC)).

Significant associations were found between ln(median MISCC) and milk yield, milk fat, milk protein, farm area and number of cups in the dairy. This led us to suggest that SCCs should be adjusted for volume and constituents prior to determining a threshold MISCC for identification of subclinical mastitis (SCM) problem herds. Part, or all, of the temporal trend in MISCC in the spatio-temporal model was accounted for by inclusion of yield and milk constituents as independent variables. This supports the hypothesis of a dilution effect with potential consequences for misdiagnosis of SCM, particularly in late lactation. Unmeasured covariates were similarly likely to be spatially structured and unstructured.