Precision Lattice-Parameter Determination of (Mg,Fe)SiO3 Tetragonal Garnets

The tetragonal garnet (Mg,Fe)SiO(3) is a high-pressure phase of pyroxene that is thought to be a major constituent of the earth's upper mantle. Its crystal structure is similar to that of cubic garnet, but it is slightly distorted to tetragonal symmetry so that its x-ray powder diffraction pattern shows a very small line splitting. A suite of tetragonal garnets with different compositions in the MgSiO(3)-rich portion of the MgSiO(3)-FeSiO(3) system was synthesized at about 20 gigapascals and 2000 degrees C. The lattice parameters a and c of quenched samples were determined by whole-powder-pattern decomposition analysis of Fe Kalpha x-ray powder diffraction data, which has the capacity to resolve to a high degree heavily overlapping reflections. It was found that the lattice parameters can be obtained from the following equations; a (in angstroms) = 11.516 + 0.088x and c (in angstroms) = 11.428 + 0.157x, where x, teh mole fraction of FeSiO(3), is 0.0 相似文献   

彩棉三个品种的核型对比分析

采用常规压片法对滨彩2号(浅棕色)、99-55(深棕色)和滨绿1号(绿色)的染色体数目和核型进行了研究,得出结论:滨彩2号的染色体数目为2n=4x=52,核型公式为:k(2n)=4x=52=22m 18sm(2SAT) 12st,属于"2B"类型.染色体相对长度组成为2n=4x=52=10L 16M2 14M1 12S;99-55染色体数目为2n=4x=52,核型公式为:k(2n)=4x=52=26m(2SAT) 22sm 4st,属于"2B"类型.染色体相对长度组成为2n=4x=52=12L 10M2 22M1 8S;滨绿1号的染色体数目为2n=4x=52,核型公式为:k(2n)=4x=52=40m 12sm(2SAT),属于"1B"类型.染色体相对长度组成为2n=4x=52=8L 16M2 18M1 10s.     

An ultradense polymorph of rutile with seven-coordinated titanium from the Ries crater

We report the discovery of an ultradense post-rutile polymorph of titanium dioxide in shocked gneisses of the Ries crater in Germany. The microscopic diagnostic feature is intense blue internal reflections in crossed polarizers in reflected light. X-ray diffraction studies revealed a monoclinic lattice, isostructural with the baddeleyite ZrO2 polymorph, and the titanium cation is coordinated with seven oxygen anions. The cell parameters are as follows: a = 4.606(2) angstroms, b = 4.986(3) angstroms, c = 4.933(3) angstroms, beta (angle between c and a axes) = 99.17(6) degrees; space group P2(1)/c; density = 4.72 grams per cubic centimeter, where the numbers in parentheses are standard deviations in the last significant digits. This phase is 11% denser than rutile. The mineral is sensitive to x-ray irradiation and tends to invert to rutile. The presence of baddeleyite-type TiO2 in the shocked rocks indicates that the peak shock pressure was between 16 and 20 gigapascals, and the post-shock temperature was much lower than 500 degrees C.     

Crystal Structure of Benzene II at 25 Kilobars

Crystals of a high-pressure form of benzene (benzene 11) were grown in the diamond-anvil pressure cell at elevated temperature and pressure from the transition of solid I to solid II. X-ray precession data were obtained from a single-crystal in the high-pressure cell. At 21 degrees C and about 25 kilobars, benzene II crystallizes in the monoclinic system with a = 5.417 +/- 0.005 angstroms (S.D.), b = 5.376 +/- 0.019 angstroms, c = 7.532 +/- 0.007 angstroms, beta = 110.00 degrees +/- 0.08 degrees , space group P2(1)/ c, Pc= 1.26 grams per cubic centimeter. The crystal structure was solved by generating all possible molecular packing configurations and calculating structure factors, reliability factors, and packing energies for each configuration. This procedure produced a unique solution for the molecular packing of benzene II.     

Antiprismatic Coordination about Xenon: The Structure of Nitrosonium Octafluoroxenate(VI)

The structure of nitrosonium octafluoroxenate(VI), 2NOF . XeF(6), has been determined by means of single-crystal x-ray counter methods (R-index = 0.046, weighted R-index = 0.042). The space group is Pnma, with a = 8.914(10) angstroms, b = 5.945(10) angstroms, and c = 12.83(2) angstroms (the numbers in parentheses are the standard deviations to the least significant digit or digits); the calculated density (rho) is 3.354 grams per cubic centimeter, and there are four formula units per unit cell. The material consists of well-separated NO(+) and (XeF(8))(2-) ions; the structural formula is thus (NO)(2) (XeF(8)). The anion configuration is that of a slightly distorted Archimedean antiprism. The observed distortion appears incompatible with a lone-pair repulsion model. Xenon-fluorine bond lengths of 1.971(7), 1.946(5), 1.958(7), 2.052(5), and 2.099(5) angstroms were found.     

Soft X-ray Images of the Solar Corona with a Normal-Incidence Cassegrain Multilayer Telescope

High-resolution images of the sun in the soft x-ray to extreme ultraviolet(EUV) regime have been obtained with normal-incidence Cassegrain multilayer telescopes operated from a sounding rocket in space. The inherent energy-selective property of multilayer-coated optics allowed distinct groups of emission lines to be isolated in the solar corona and the transition region. The Cassegrain telescopes provided images in bands centered at 173 and 256 angstroms. The bandpass centered at 173 angstroms is dominated by emission from the ions Fe IX Fe X. This emission is from coronal plasma in the temperature range 0.8 x 10(6) to 1.4 x 10(6)K. The images have angular resolution of about 1.0 to 1.5 arc seconds, and show no degradation because of x-ray scattering. Many features of coronal structure, including magnetically confined loops of hot plasma, coronal plumes, polar coronal holes, faint structures on the size scale of supergranulation and smaller, and features due to overlying cool prominences are visible in the images. The density structure of polar plumes, which are thought to contribute to the solar wind, has been derived from the observations out to 1.7 solar radii.     

神农架自然保护区宜昌百合染色体核型分析

[目的]研究神农架自然保护区宜昌百合染色体核型,为研究宜昌百合遗传多样性、起源及系统演化提供一定的细胞学依据。[方法]采用常规制片法对神农架保护区的宜昌百合进行染色体核型分析。[结果]神农架保护区宜昌百合染色体数目为2n=2x=24,染色体基数x=12,染色体核型公式为K（2n）=2x=24=4m（2SAT）＋2sm＋8st＋10 t,主要由端部和近端部着丝点染色体组成。染色体相对长度组成为2n=24=4L＋4M2＋14M1＋2S,核型不对称系数为79.66%,属于＂3B＂型。[结论]神农架宜昌百合在百合属植物系统演化上处于比较进化的类型。     

豆类植物三种类型染色体(大、中、小)核型分析方法的研究

本文选用三种豆类植物———蚕豆、豌豆、大豆、分别代表大、中、小三种不同类型的染色体 ,研究了其核型 ,并对研究方法进行了讨论。结果表明 ,蚕豆属于大型染色体 ,6对染色体平均长度为 11 33μm ,核型分类为2A ,核型公式为 2n =2x =12 =4m + 4Sm (2SAT) + 2ST + 2T ,豌豆属于中等大小染色体 ,7对染色体平均长度为 5 5 0μm ,核型分类为 2A ,核型公式 2n =2x =14=2M + 4m + 8sm ;大豆属于小染色体 ,2 0对染色体的平均长度为 1 93μm ,核型属于 2B类型 ,核型公式为 2n =2x =40 =2M + 30m + 8sm (2SAT)     

青藏高原东缘高寒草甸风毛菊属4个优势种的核型研究

对青藏高原东缘高寒草甸风毛菊属的球花雪莲(S aussurea g lobosa Chen.)、钝苞雪莲(S.n ig rescensM ax im.)、羽裂风毛菊(S.p inna tid enta ta L ipsch.)和林生风毛菊(S.sy lva tica M ax im)4个优势种植物的染色体数目和核型进行了研究。结果表明,球花雪莲的核型公式为2n=2x=32=14m+18sm,属2B型,核型不对称系数为64.8%;钝苞雪莲的核型公式为2n=2x=32=10m+22sm,属2B型,核型不对称系数为66.1%;羽裂风毛菊核型公式为2n=2x=28=24m+4sm,属2B型,核型不对称系数为58.6%;林生风毛菊的核型公式为2n=2x=34=10m+24sm,属3B型,核型不对称系数为64.6%。钝苞雪莲较其他3种风毛菊属植物进化。     

Phosphide from metorites: barringerite, a new iron-nickel mineral

Schreibersite, (Fe,Ni)(3)P, and a higher phosphide, barringerite, occur in the Ollague pallasite. The composition of the higher phosphide, determined by electron probe microanalysis, is (Fe(0.58)Ni(0.42)Co(0.003))(1.95)P. It is hexagonal, with space group P62m and a = 5.87 +/- 0.07 angstroms and c = 3.44 +/- 0.04 angstroms. If we assume a primary origin, the new mineral indicates that troilite and schreibersite crystallized at high temperatures. The occurrence of a higher phosphide in a pallasite indicates local nonequilibria within a group of meteorites that are remarkable for their overall degree of equilibrium crystallization.     

贝母属4种核型的报道

对四川产的４种贝母进行了核型研究，米贝母ＦｒｉｔｉｌｌａｒｉａｄａｖｉｄｉｉＦｒａｎｃｈ，核型公式为２ｎ＝２ｘ＝２４＝２ｍ＋２ｓｍ＋１０ｓｔ＋１０ｔ，染色体相对长度系数Ｉ．Ｒ．Ｌ＝２Ｌ十２Ｍ２十７Ｍ１＋２ｓ核型为２Ｂ型，瓦布贝母ＦｒｉｔｉｌｌａｒｉａｗａｂｕｅｎｓｉｓＳ．Ｙ．ＴａｎｇｅｔＳ．Ｃ．Ｙｕｅｈ，核型公式为２ｎ＝２ｘ＝２４＝２ｍ＋２ｓｍ（ＳＡＴ）＋２０ｔ，染色体相对长度系数Ｉ．Ｒ．Ｌ＝４Ｌ＋６Ｍ２＋１２Ｍ１＋２Ｓ，核型为２Ｂ型；浓度贝母ＦｒｉｔｉｌｌａｒｉａｍｅｌｌｅａＳ．Ｙ．ＴａｎｇｅｔＳ．Ｃ．Ｙｕｅｈ，核型公式为２ｎ＝２ｘ＝２４＝２ｍ＋２ｓｍ＋２０ｔ，染色体相对长度系数Ｉ·Ｒ·Ｌ＝４Ｌ＋８Ｍ２＋１０Ｍ１＋２Ｓ，核型为３Ａ型；槽鳞贝母ＦｒｉｔｉｌｌａｒｉａｕｎｉｂｒａｃｔｅａｔａＨｓｉａｏｅｔＫ．Ｃｓｉａｖａｒ．ｓｕｌｃｉｓｑｕａｍｏｓａ（Ｓ．Ｙ．ＴａｎｇｅｔＳ．Ｃ．Ｙｕｅｈ）ＨｓｉａｏｅｔＳ．Ｃ．Ｙｕ，核型公式为２ｎ＝２Ｘ＝２４＝２Ｘ（ＳＡＴ）＋２ｓｍ＋１０ｔ，染色体相对长度系数Ｉ．Ｒ．Ｌ＝４Ｌ＋４Ｍ２＋１４Ｍ１＋２Ｓ，核型为３Ｂ型。该４种贝母核型较一致，但各种之间在次缢痕、随体、Ｂ染色体的数目?     

New phases of c60 synthesized at high pressure

The fullerene C(60) can be converted into two different structures by high pressure and temperature. They are metastable and revert to pristine C(60) on reheating to 300 degrees C at ambient pressure. For synthesis temperatures between 300 degrees and 400 degrees C and pressures of 5 gigapascals, a nominal face-centered-cubic structure is produced with a lattice parameter a(o) = 13.6 angstroms. When treated at 500 degrees to 800 degrees C at the same pressure, C(60) transforms into a rhombohedral structure with hexagonal lattice parameters of a(o) = 9.22 angstroms and c(o) = 24.6 angstroms. The intermolecular distance is small enough that a chemical bond can form, in accord with the reduced solubility of the pressure-induced phases. Infrared, Raman, and nuclear magnetic resonance studies show a drastic reduction of icosahedral symmetry, as might occur if the C(60) molecules are linked.     

黄肉桃品种染色体核型分析

试验采用去壁、低渗、火焰干燥法，对黄肉桃品种金童６、费雷德里克、新泽西洲３号（ＮｊＣ３号）的染色体核型进行了分析，其核型组成分别为：２ｎ＝１６＝２ｍ＋１０ｍ＋２Ｍ＋２ｍ（ＳＡＴ）、２ｎ＝１６＝４ｍ＋８ｓｍ＋２Ｍ＋２ｍ（ＳＡＴ）、２ｎ＝１６＝１２ｍ＋２Ｍ＋２ｍ（ＳＡＴ），其核型分类分别为１Ｂ、２Ｂ、１Ｂ型。     

Crystal Structure and Optical Properties of Cd32S14(SC6H5)36. DMF4, a Cluster with a 15 Angstrom CdS Core

Recrystallization of the solid Cd(10)S(4)(SC(6)H(5))(12) from a solution of pyridine and N, N-di-methylformamide (DMF) results in the formation of the cluster Cd(32)S(14)(SC(6)H(5))(36)-DMF(4) as pale yellow cubes. The structure consists of an 82-atom CdS core that is a roughly spherical piece of the cubic sphalerite lattice approximately 12 angstroms in diameter. The four corners of the lattice are capped by hexagonal wurtzite-like CdS units, which results in an overall tetrahedral cluster approximately 15 angstroms in diameter. This cluster dissolves intact in tetrahydrofuran where its absorption spectrum reveals a sharp peak at 358 nanometers at room temperature and its emission spectra show a strong broad band at 500 nanometers.     

Garnet-like structures of high-pressure cadmium germanate and calcium germanate

Crystals of CdGeO(3) grown at a pressure of 65 kilobars are tetragonal and have an ordered, garnet-like crystal structure with cadmium occupying the dodecahedral and octahedral sites, and germanium the octahedral and tetrahedral sites. The crystal structure (a = 12.406 +/- 1 angstroms, c = 12.256 +/- 1 angstroms, and space group 14,/a) has been refined by least-squares analysis to an R (discrepancy index) of 0.073. Two high-pressure phases of CaGeO(3) were synthesized, one isotypic with tetragonal CdGeO(3) (a = 12.514 +/- 3 angstroms, c = 12.358 +/- 3 angstroms), and the other isotypic with perovskite.     

水飞蓟花粉母细胞减数分裂及核型分析

采用压片法对水飞蓟的花粉母细胞减数分裂及体细胞核型进行了研究,结果表明,水飞蓟的绝大多数花粉母细胞减数分裂染色体行为正常,终变期可形成17个二价体,佐证其染色体数目为34条,且为二倍体;其减数分裂为同时型。水飞蓟的染色体数目为2n=2x=34,核型公式为K(2n)=2x=34=34m(4SAT),染色体相对长度组成为2n=8S+12M1+6M2+8L,其核型为"1A"型。     

High-Temperature XAS Study of Fe2SiO4 Liquid: Reduced Coordination of Ferrous Iron

X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) of Fe(2+) in Fe(2)SiO(4) liquid at 1575 kelvin and 10(-4) gigapascal (1 bar) shows that the Fe(2+) -O bond length is 1.98 +/- 0.02 angstroms compared with approximately 2.22 angstroms in crystalline Fe(2)SiO(4) (fayalite) at the melting point (1478 kelvin), which indicates a decrease in average Fe(2+) coordination number from six in fayalite to four in the liquid. Anharmonicity in the liquid was accounted for using a data analysis procedure. This reduction in coordination number is similar to that observed on the melting of certain ionic salts. These results are used to develop a model of the medium-range structural environment of Fe(2+) in olivine-composition melts, which helps explain some of the properties of Fe(2)SiO(4) liquid, including density, viscosity, and the partitioning of iron and nickel between silicate melts and crystalline olivines. Some of the implications of this model for silicate melts in the Earth's crust and mantle are discussed.     

上农香、黑糯等品种及其杂交后代选系的染色体核型分析

本文采用经改良的常规制片法，对上农香糯、上农黑糯０７、太湖糯、铁桂丰四个品种及其杂交后代选系进行染色体核型分析。试验表明，它们的体细胞染色体核型，都是２ｎ＝２ｘ＝２４，但核型形式略有不同。按臂比值而定的着丝点位置有两种类型，即中央着丝点（ｍ）染色体和近中着丝点（ｓｍ）染色体，因此它们均为对称染色体核型。１２对同源染色体中，有一对是随体染色体。     

野生百合与栽培百合的核型比较

参照李懋学和Stebbins的方法,对细叶百合、兰州百合、亚洲百合("精粹"和"托里诺")进行了染色体数目鉴定和核型分析。结果表明:细叶百合和兰州百合为二倍体种,核型公式分别为2n=2x=24=2m+4sm(2SAT)+8st+10t和2n=2x=24=10sm(4SAT)+6st+8t,分属3A和3B型;"精粹"百合和"托里诺"百合为三倍体种,核型公式分别为2n=3x=36=3 m+6sm+18st+9t和2n=3x=36=3 m+3sm+12st+18t,均为3B型。此外,细叶百合、"精粹"百合和"托里诺"百合株间或细胞间均存在着染色体数目变异。     

High-temperature superconductors, the first ternary system

A new system of high-temperature superconductors is reported. The compounds, Mo(6 - x)A(x)S(6) where A is Cu, Zn, Mg, Ag, Cd, Sn, or Pb, are rhombohedral with a approximately 6.5 angstroms and approximately 90 degrees . The transition temperatures range from approximately 2.5 degrees K for the Cd compound to approximately 13 degrees K for the Pb compound.