水稻纹枯病的综合防治势在必行

介绍了水稻纹枯病的发生与危害现状。根据调查结果提出使用物理防治方法,坚持药剂预防、推广高产高效栽培技术等防治措施,为确保水稻稳步增产奠定了良好的基础。     

Effects of cultivar resistance and single fungicide application on rice sheath blight, yield, and quality

The increased number of sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani)-resistant rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars available will allow producers to use less fungicide and avoid significant reductions in grain and milling yields. Among cultivars currently in cultivation in the southern United States, sheath blight resistance levels range from very susceptible to moderately resistant. A study was conducted to determine the response of cultivars, with different levels of susceptibility, to sheath blight inoculations and fungicide application and to determine the impact of sheath blight disease development on rice yield and quality. Sheath blight epidemics in field plots were initiated by inoculation at the panicle differentiation growth stage in 2006 and 2007. Azoxystrobin at 0.17 kg a.i. ha⁻¹ was applied at mid-boot. Inoculation significantly increased sheath blight severity and incidence and caused yield losses of 8% in moderately resistant cv. Jupiter to 40% in very susceptible cv. Trenasse. Milling yields were affected to a lesser extent. Fungicide treatments reduced sheath blight incidence and severity, regardless of cultivar except in Jupiter. Single azoxystrobin applications were effective in minimizing yield loss due to sheath blight in all cultivars.     

辽河三角洲水稻纹枯病菌丝融合群测定

辽河三角洲是辽宁省水稻主产区,水稻纹枯病近年来持续严重发生,本研究对辽河三角洲稻区的不同水稻品种上分离获得的纹枯病菌菌株进行融合测试,以便探明水稻品种来源各异的病菌菌群类别及其分布的关系,研究探讨辽河三角洲水稻纹枯病菌菌丝融合群构成,为生产上病害流行、预测以及针对性进行水稻品种选育和推广应用,提供理论基础。     

营口地区水稻纹枯病发生原因及防治方法

针对营口地区水稻纹枯病危害逐年加重的生产实际进行了调查研究,结果表明,过多过晚施用氮肥、高温高湿、连续阴雨、栽培密度大、矮秆品种及虫害严重的地块是纹枯病发生的主要原因。并提出了相应的综合防治技术措施。     

利用水稻品种抗性遗传多样性持续控制稻瘟病研究进展

利用作物品种抗性的遗传多样性持续控制作物病害是当今植物病害防治研究与应用的热点。对利用水稻品种抗性遗传多样性持续控制稻瘟病研究的原理、现有研究状况和防病机理进行了较系统的评述。     

Genetic diversity of rice sheath blight isolates (Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA) from different rice cultivars

Rhizoctonia solani AG 1 IA, the non specific, soil borne, and plant casual agent of rice sheath blight, occurring world widely in rice fields, has become a major disease to rice. In this study,relationships among R. solani AG 1 IA isolates, collected from different rice cultivars were reported.     

The molecular marker of antagonistic genes of biological bacteria against rice sheath blight by RAPD

Forrty-one isolates of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens were differentiated from 184 G + bacterial strains having genetic similarities over 75%based on BOX-PCR fingerprint. Antagonism against to Rhizotonia solani in vitro was tested.Four isolates of B. arayloliquefaciens (2 isolates with antagonistic ability, G 396 + and G229 +, and 2 isolates without antagonistic ability, G433-and G434-) were selected to screen effective primers for RAPD analysis. Of 124 random primers (AA, AB, AC, AD, AE, AM, and AL) tested.     

The molecular marker of antagonistic genes of biological bacteria against rice sheath blight by RAPD

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Development of a formulation of Pseudomonas fluorescens PfALR2 for management of rice sheath blight

Pseudomonas fluorescens isolates that inhibited growth of Rhizoctonia solani, the rice sheath blight pathogen, were isolated from the rhizosphere of different crops. One of the most effective strains, PfALR2, was developed as an antibiotic resistant strain and a peat-based formulation was developed for this bacterium. The effective dose of a peat formulation was assessed for seed treatment, root treatment, soil application and foliar spraying. All individual treatments controlled the disease effectively. However, a combination of all four treatments resulted in the best sheath blight control in the greenhouse. In field trials, application of the peat-based formulation of PfALR2 effectively controlled the disease, increased yield, and efficacy was comparable to that of the commercially available fungicide, carbendazim.     

玉米纹枯病的发生规律与综合防治对策

近年来,江华县积极推进农业结构战略性调整,在粮食作物生产上适当调减水稻尤其是早稻面积,大力发展玉米、红薯、大豆等旱粮作物,其中全县玉米种植面积和产量分别由1995年的2200hm2,2760kg/hm2发展到2002年的7000hm2,5250kg/hm2。随着玉米种植面积的扩大和栽培水平的提高,玉米纹枯病的发生和危害越来越普遍和严重,日益成为玉米高产稳产的一个重要障碍。1　玉米纹枯病的发生特点1.1　病原玉米纹枯病与水稻纹枯病同属担子菌亚门真菌,病菌菌丝初期无色,倒棍棒形,顶端生有4个担孢子,担孢子无色、卵圆形。菌丝生长最适温度为30℃左右,在10℃以…     

唐山地区水稻条纹叶枯病迅速上升原因及防治对策

针对唐山地区水稻条纹叶枯病害逐年加重的实际情况,调查总结了该病发生特点,分析了发病原因,主要是由灰背稻飞虱带毒传播引起的。同时提出了防治对策,重点抓好“三统一”防治稻飞虱。     

Biological control of sheath blight of rice with the fermented product B-916 (Bacillus subtilis) in China

Bacterial isolates of 1274 were obtained from paddy soil, sclerotia of Rhizoctonia solani, lesions of sheath blight (ShB), and rice plants.     

Suppression of rice sheath blight disease using a heat stable culture filtrate from Streptomyces philanthi RM-1-138

Streptomyces philanthi RM-1-138, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of chili pepper in southern Thailand, was investigated for its antagonistic activity against phytopathogenic fungi. In dual culture on glucose yeast-malt extract (GYM) agar plates, this strain suppressed the mycelial growth of all seven plant pathogenic fungi tested (Rhizoctonia solani PTRRC-9, Pyricularia grisea PTRRC-18, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides NBCRSR-3, Colletotrichum capcisi NBCRSR-15, Ganoderma boninense NBCRSR-26, Fusarium fujikuroi PTRRC-16 and Bipolaris oryzae PTRRC-36) with an 82.2–89.2% inhibition and that was most pronounced on R. solani PTRRC-9. Heat treatment of the culture filtrate from growing R. solani PTRRC-9 at 40 °C, 60 °C, 80 °C, and 100 °C for 30 min and 121 °C for 15 min had no negative effect on the inhibitory activity against R. solani PTRRC-9 tested on both solid and liquid culture. The effective dose (>80% inhibition) of culture filtrate in liquid culture was at 5.0% (v/v) while it was at 10% (v/v) on the solid medium. This effectiveness was similar to those of the four chemical fungicides tested. The effect of S. philanthi RM-1-138 against R. solani PTRRC-9 was investigated using SEM and TEM. The compounds produced by S. philanthi RM-1-138 induced alterations to the cell-wall structure of R. solani PTRRC-9, that resulted in the loss of cytoplasm materials by partial lysis. The greenhouse experiment revealed that using either the culture filtrate or the autoclaved culture filtrate from S. philanthi RM-1-138 effectively suppressed rice sheath blight disease by up to 65.6 and 60.8%, respectively.     

稻瘟病大发生情况调查分析

从气候条件、品种方面、单一追求高产等因素分析了稻瘟病大发生的主要原因,并针对上述情况提出了积极主动预防稻瘟病,选择抗病力强的品种,强化旱育“三化”栽培技术普及工作等防治措施,为今后水稻发展提出了可行性建议。     

水稻鞘腐病的发生与防治技术

介绍了水稻鞘腐病的发病症状,阐明了该病的病源及侵染循环,指出了该病的发病条件,并从选用抗病品种、消灭菌源、加强水肥管理等环节详述了防治技术。     

稻瘟病的发病症状与防治

对世界性的重要稻病之一“稻瘟病”的发病症状进行介绍,然后分析了其发病原理及规律,最后对如何防治稻瘟病提出了几点建议。     

关于噬菌体在防治水稻白叶枯病上的研究

培育抗白叶枯病菌的水稻品种,是公认的防治水稻白叶病的一条有效途径。但由于水稻抗性基因单一,容易导致对该病抗性的脆弱;化学防治方法的效果不理想。且易造成环境污染。因此。急需探索一条有效、安全、廉价的新途径。本研究从生物防治的角度出发,建立了一套新的技术体系。利用噬菌体来防治水稻白叶枯病。结果显示。特殊的病原噬菌体能够显著地降低水稻白叶枯病的发病率。