NaCl胁迫对转甜菜碱醛脱氢酶基因美丽胡枝子生理的影响(英文)

[Objective] The aim of this study was to explore the effects of exogenous gene introduction on osmotic adjustment of plants.[Method] After pot culture with same time,the transgenic plants expressing betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase gene(BADH)and non-transgenic plants of Lespedeza formosa were treated with different concentrations(0,0.5%,1.0%,2.0%)of NaCl solution for 30 h and some physiological indices including proline,betaine,soluble sugar,malondialdehyde(MDA)contents and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity were assayed.[Result] There was no significant difference on the indices mentioned above between transgenic plants and non-transgenic plants under the salt-free treatment.With the increase of NaCl concentration,the transgenic plants accumulated much higher level of proline,betaine,soluble sugar and lower level of MDA than non-transgenic plants.But the differences of SOD activity increase degrees between transgenic and non-transgenic plants were not significant.Performances of the three transgenic lines were different to some extent.[Conclusion] The introduction of exogenous BADH gene enhanced the osmotic adjustment ability of L.formosa,furthermore;different transgenic lines performed differently.     

In vitro antioxidant activity of callus culture of carrot （Daucus carom）

Carrot （Daucus carom） is a valuable source of health promoting ingredients such as anthocyanin, carotenes, phenolic compounds etc. These substances are important to man as a source of pharmaceuticals, fragrance, agrochemicals as well as food additives and used for prevention of many chronic diseases. Since these activities may be correlated with the presence of antioxidant compounds, extract of carrot and carrot callus were evaluated for their anthocyanin, flavonoids and total phenolic content as well as total antioxidant activity. Anthocyanin content was measured by spectrophotometric method. Total phenols and flavonoids were analyzed according to the Folin-Ciocalteu method and total antioxidant activity was assessed by ferric reducing/antioxidant power （FRAP） assay. Anthocyanin, flavonoids and total phenolic content were estimated to be 9.36 mg%, 46.96 mg% and 57.01 mg% for callus and 6.82 mg%, 32.96 mg% and 42.69 mg% for carrot, respectively, on fresh weight basis. The total antioxidant activity for the callus and carrot was found to be 51.13 mg, 118.77 mg, 91.08 mg and 140.08 mg equivalent and 79.40 mg, 184.44 mg, 141.43 mg and 217.52 mg equivalent to gallic acid, vitamin C, butylated hydroxyanisole （BHA） and trolox, respectively, when expressed per 100 g on fresh weight basis. The antioxidant activity of fresh carrot was found to be higher compared to its callus.     

番茄内生细菌的分离及其促生活性研究(英文)

[Objective] The study aimed to investigate the growth-promoting activities of endophytic bacteria from tomato plants.[Method]The endophytic bacteria isolated from different tissues of tomato plants were analyzed for the effects of their growth-promoting activities on the germination and growth of tomato plants.The bacteria with growth-promoting activity were preliminarily identified.[Result]Totally 59 endophytic bacterial strains were isolated from roots and stems of tomatoes,of which 4 showed significantly growth-promoting activity to germination and growth of tomato.The results suggest that these strains are endowed with the potential capability of growth-promoting.[Conclusion]The endophytic bacteria with growth-promoting activity were found among the isolates from tomato plants.This provided a good foundation for utilization of these bacteria with growth-promoting activity.     

番茄内生细菌的分离及其促生活性研究(英文)

[Objective] The study aimed to investigate the growth-promoting activities of endophytic bacteria from tomato plants.[Method]The endophytic bacteria isolated from different tissues of tomato plants were analyzed for the effects of their growth-promoting activities on the germination and growth of tomato plants.The bacteria with growth-promoting activity were preliminarily identified.[Result]Totally 59 endophytic bacterial strains were isolated from roots and stems of tomatoes,of which 4 showed significantly growth-promoting activity to germination and growth of tomato.The results suggest that these strains are endowed with the potential capability of growth-promoting.[Conclusion]The endophytic bacteria with growth-promoting activity were found among the isolates from tomato plants.This provided a good foundation for utilization of these bacteria with growth-promoting activity.     

低叶绿素b水稻突变体的抗氧化酶系统研究(英文)

[Objective] The mitigative effect of antioxidase system of a rice mutant with low chlorophyll b on photooxidative damage was studied.[Method] A rice mutant with low chlorophyll b and its wild type were taken as experimental materials to comparatively research their peroxide (H2O2) contents, the activity and isozymes of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in chloroplast.[Result] Compared with the wild type, there were many kinds of SOD, POD and CAT isozymes in leaf cells and chloroplast cell of mutant, and the activity of SOD, POD and CAT isozymes in leaf cells and chloroplast cell of mutant was also correspondingly higher. Under intense light condition, the H2O2 content of chloroplast in mutant was less than that in the wild type. [Conclusion] The higher activity of scavenging active oxygen can relieve the photooxidative damage made by excessive light energy of intense light on photosynthetic membrane, which is an important reason for higher photosystem Ⅱ (PS II) stability of this mutant.     

湿沉降氮对2种禾本科植物中氮含量的影响(英文)

[Objective] It was to study nitrogen use efficiency under the condition of deposition of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), further revealing the difference in gene variation.[Method] A pot experiment was conducted under 3 treatments of rainwater, ammonium-N (aN) and nitrate-N (nN).[Result] In the treatments of aN and nN, the biomass and N contents in plants were obviously higher than those in rainwater treatment, while the largest biomass(36.116 g) was observed in nN treatment. The absorption to aN was best to perennial ryegrass while nN to barley. According to the differential analysis of N content, treatments of both aN and nN was nitrogen superfluous, which led to release excessive N to the atmosphere, and the rainwater treatment and the control were N deficient, the largest N absorption from atmosphere was 0.698 g in rainwater treatment.[Conclusion] Average N use efficiency contributed by atmosphere N deposition ranged from 1.321%-6.116%, while the control of barley had the highest of 6.116%.     

Potential Geographic Distribution of Oriental Fruit Fly in Jiangxi Province

[Objective] The aim was to effectively monitor and manage oriental fruit fly.[Method] Maxent model and ArcGIS were used to predict potential geographic distributions of the oriental fruit fly based on associations between known occurrence records and a set of environmental variables.[Result] The suitable areas for Bactrocera dorsalis infestations were mainly restricted to central and southern Jiangxi Province,with Latitude ranged from 24 to 28°N.Northeast Jiangxi,Northwest Jiangxi and the regions bording upon Yangtse River were predicted as unsuitable for Bactrocera dorsalis.The fit for the model as measured by AUC was high,with value of 0.978 for the training data and 0.965 for the test data,indicating the high level of discriminatory power for the Maxent.A jackknife test in Maxent indicated that mean temperature of coldest quarter with highest gain value was the most important environmental variable that restricted the expansion to north Jiangxi Province.[Conclusion] Further research into the biology of the species and their ability to overcome barriers was necessary to explain niche differentiation and better understand invasion risk.     

Effects of Cultivar on Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Naked Oat in China

To evaluate the effects of naked oat cultivars on their phenolic contents and antioxidant activities, the oat seeds from 21 different cultivars in China were collected, and their major nutritional components, compositions of polyphenols, and antioxidant activities were measured. As the results, oat cultivars affected its phenolic composition and antioxidant activity significantly. Vanillin, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, avenanthramide C（Bc）, avenanthramide A（Bp）, and avenanthramide B（Bf） in oat polyphenols extracts were detected in all cultivars of oat, while caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid and rutin were partly detected. All oat cultivars showed significant free radical scavenging activity, although their activities were lower than that of vitamin C（VC）. Different oat varieties showed different antioxidant activities, among which Yanke 1 had the best ability to scavenge ·OH（（58.78±1.99） μg mL-1）, Baiyan 10 showed the strongest DPPH·（（22.00±0.43） μg mL-1） and ABTS·＋（（6.92±0.44） μg mL-1） scavenging activity, and Dingyou 1 showed good scavenging ability of DPPH·（（22.71±0.42） μg mL-1） and ·OH（（81.50±1.73） μg mL-1）. In addition, the correlation coefficients of contents between the major nutritional components in different cultivars of oat and phenolic compounds indicated that determination of main nutrients could be used as an easy technique to evaluate approximately the contents and compositions of oat polyphenols, which simplifies the selection of good oat cultivar.     

普通小麦-簇毛麦易位系T6BS·6BL-2VS的选育(英文)

[Objective] The aim of experiment was to provide a new germplasm for wheat breeding by further using desirable genes in 2V chromosome of Haynaldia villosa.[Method] Through hybridization between common wheat(Triticum aestivum)-Haynaldia villosa disomic substitution line and common wheat Nonglin26-3C chromosome of Aegilops triuncialis disomic addition line,the analysis methods such as chromosome C-banding,genomic in situ hybridization and molecular marker technique were comprehensively applied and combined characters investigation.[Result] The wheat-Haynaldia villosa translocation line(T6BS·6BL-2VS)was selected from hybrid progenies to conduct characters investigation,which found some bristles on glume ridge of T6BS·6BL-2VS.[Conclusion] The translocation line induced by gametocidal chromosome was a small segment translocation line and the gene of bristle on glume ridge of Haynaldia villosa was located between the middle and the terminal of 2VS.     

棉花黄萎病拮抗细菌7-30菌株的筛选与鉴定(英文)

[Objective]The aim of this study was to screen the antagonistic spore-forming bacteria of Verticillium dahliae and identify its physiological and biochemical characteristics.[Method]Taking the cotton verticillium wilt pathogen Verticillium dahliae V-190 as the test microorganism,the antagonistic spore-forming bacteria were screened.Through the preliminary screening and secondary screening,an antagonistic bacteria strain 7-30 with stronger antibacterial activity was obtained,and its morphological characteristics,physiological and biochemical characteristics were also identified.[Result]84 antagonistic bacteria strains were isolated from soil in various places by the preliminary screening.Especially,18 strains with better antagonistic ability were screened again,so an antagonistic bacteria strain 7-30 with the diameter of inhibition zone 18.9 mm and stronger antibacterial activity was obtained.According to its morphological characteristics,physiological and biochemical characteristics,the antagonistic bacteria strain 7-30 was identified as Bacillus subtilis primarily.[Conclusion]The strain 7-30 was obtained as the antagonistic spore-forming bacteria of Verticillium dahliae.     

不同取代度羧甲基壳聚糖的抗氧化性能研究

[目的]为了研究羧甲基壳聚糖的取代位置、取代度及其抗氧化功能之间的关系。[方法]低聚壳聚糖经醚化得到3种取代度不同的N,O-羧甲基壳聚糖-NOA,NOB和NOC,并对其结构和取代度进行了表征,考察了它们对羟自由基的清除作用。[结果]NOA,NOB和NOC清除羟自由基的半抑制浓度分别为0.15,0.29和0.23 mg/ml。而NOA,NOB和NOC在氨基上的取代度分别为0.51,0.29和0.38,羟基取代度分别为0.74,0.84和0.97[结论]随着氨基位置取代度的升高,N,O-羧甲基壳聚糖清除羟基自由基的能力逐渐增强。     

不同取代度羧甲基壳聚糖的抗氧化性能研究

壳聚糖是一种来源于甲壳类动物外壳的天然碱性多糖,有良好的抗氧化能力。羧甲基壳聚糖是壳聚糖经羧甲基化后的一类衍生物,根据羧甲基的取代位置不同,羧甲基壳聚糖可以分为O-羧甲基壳聚糖、N-羧甲基壳聚糖和N,O-羧甲基壳聚糖。有研究表明,羧甲基在多糖主链上取代的位置和程度都直接影响羧甲基壳聚糖的各种性能。笔者以低聚壳聚糖（Chitosan oligosaccharide,COS）为原料,     

香附黄酮的体外抗氧化活性研究

[目的]对香附黄酮的抗氧化作用进行研究。[方法]以浓度95%乙醇为溶剂,水浴回流提取香附中的黄酮,然后采用比色法测定香附黄酮对DPPH.、.OH和O2-.3种自由基的清除作用以及还原能力。[结果]香附黄酮对3种自由基都有明显的清除作用,清除能力大小顺序为DPPH.>.OH>O2-.;清除率与浓度存在明显的量效关系,当黄酮浓度为0.4 mg/L时,其对O2-.的清除率为25.5%,DPPH.的为67.0%,.OH的为28.5%;还原Fe3+能力随黄酮的浓度增加而增强。[结论]香附黄酮具有较强的抗氧化活性。     

蒙药广枣提取物体外抗氧化活性研究

[目的]研究蒙药广枣（Fructus Choerospondiatis）提取物的抗氧化活性,为了解广枣改善心血管系统的机制提供理论基础。[方法]采用邻苯三酚自氧化法、铁氰化钾还原法和Fenton法分别对广枣不同提取物的抗氧化活性进行测定。[结果]广枣粗提物及离子交换层析提取物均具有一定的抗氧化能力,粗提物的还原性以及清除羟基自由基（.OH）、超氧阴离子自由基（O2-.）的能力都较高,而离子交换层析提取物的还原性和清除.OH的能力较强,但去除O2-.的能力很弱。[结论]利用不同的提取方法得到的广枣提取物具有不同的抗氧化活性,且不同物质抗氧化活性的机制不同。     

黑豆不同部分馏油的体外抗氧化性比较

[目的]通过体外抗氧化体系比较黑豆不同部分馏油抗氧化性活性。[方法]通过正交试验优化索氏提取黑豆馏油的最佳工艺,提取黑豆不同部分馏油;研究黑豆不同部分馏油对羟基自由基(·OH)、DPPH自由基(DPPH·)的清除能力。[结果]在样品浓度为1.0 mg/mL时,黑豆不同部分馏油对·OH的清除率分别为全豆馏油83.9%、豆黄(黑豆去皮部分)馏油64.8%、豆皮馏油17.3%,对DPPH·的清除率分别为全豆馏油41.3%、豆黄馏油33.2%、豆皮馏油77.9%。[结论]黑豆不同部分馏油均具有较好的抗氧化性,是良好的天然抗氧化剂。黑豆不同部分馏油对·OH的清除能力从大到小依次为全豆馏油、豆黄馏油、豆皮馏油,对DPPH·的清除能力从大到小依次为豆皮馏油、全豆馏油、豆黄馏油。     

番荔枝果皮抗氧化活性的研究

[目的]对番荔枝果皮抗氧化活性进行研究。[方法]选取番荔枝果皮为原料,以乙醇为溶剂,经浸提得到提取物,并对其清除DP-PH自由基和羟自由基的能力进行研究。[结果]番荔枝果皮提取物的自由基清除能力与质量浓度呈明显的量效关系,最高清除率分别达94.48%和43.62%。[结论]番荔枝果皮的乙醇提取物具有一定的抗氧化活性,均能清除DPPH自由基和羟自由基。     

植酸抗氧化活性的研究

[目的]研究植酸抗油脂过氧化和体外清除自由基能力。[方法]以BHT为对比,采用烘箱法测定植酸的抗油脂过氧化能力。通过Fenton反应体系产生羟自由基(.OH),由连苯三酚在碱性溶液中自氧化反应产生超氧阴离子自由基(O2-.),用分光光度法检测植酸对.OH和O2-.的作用。[结果]植酸能有效地减缓由烘箱法引发的油脂过氧化反应,效果较BHT好,且随着其浓度的增大,POV值的减少,其抗氧化效果越明显。植酸对.OH和O2-.都具有明显的清除作用,且呈一定的量效关系,对.OH和O2-.清除活性IC50值分别为2.54和9.28 mg/ml,对.OH的清除作用强于O2-.。[结论]植酸是一种较好的天然抗氧化剂和自由基清除剂。     

野生毛葡萄籽原花青素抗氧化活性的研究

[目的]为进一步开发利用野生毛葡萄籽原花青素提供依据。[方法]选择清除超氧阴离子自由基(O2-.)和羟基自由基(.OH)2个方面,对野生毛葡萄籽原花青素的抗氧化活性进行测定。[结果]野生毛葡萄籽原花青素对O2-.和.OH均具有较强的清除能力,对O2-.、.OH野生毛葡萄籽原花青素的IC50分别为0.37、0.33 mg/ml。[结论]野生毛葡萄籽原花青素具有较强的抗氧化活性。     

蔷薇红景天提取物不同极性部位体外抗氧化活性研究

[目的]通过体外试验初步研究蔷薇红景天（RhodiolaroseaL.）提取物的抗氧化活性。[方法]采用有机溶剂萃取法将蔷薇红景天提取物分为乙酸乙酯相、正丁醇相和水相3个不同极性部位,以还原能力及清除羟自由基（.OH）、超氧阴离子自由基（O2-.）和亚硝酸根离子（NO2-）为评价指标初步研究其体外抗氧化活性。[结果]蔷薇红景天提取物的不同极性部位均有抗氧化活性,其抗氧化效果因反应体系不同而不同,且不同极性部位的抗氧化活性有差异。乙酸乙酯相和正丁醇相的还原能力及清除O2-.和.OH的能力均强于水相,而水相对NO2-的清除效果好于乙酸乙酯相和正丁醇相。[结论]蔷薇红景天提取物具有较强的抗氧化活性,可作为天然抗氧化剂的良好来源。     

虎眼万年青提取物体外清除自由基活性的研究

[目的]研究虎眼万年青不同体积分数乙醇提取物体外抗氧化作用。[方法]采用邻二氮菲-Fe2＋氧化法、邻苯三酚自氧化法（MTT）和DPPH法分别研究不同体积分数乙醇对虎眼万年青提取物抗氧化活性的影响。[结果]结果表明虎眼万年青乙醇提取物对.OH、O 2-.和DPPH.均有清除作用,且清除能力与其含虎眼万年青总皂苷含量成正比。不同体积分数的虎眼万年青乙醇提取物体外抗氧化能力的大小为70%乙醇提物〉80%乙醇提物〉60%乙醇提取物〉40%乙醇提取物〉20%乙醇提取物。[结论]虎眼万年青皂苷类成分与其抗氧化性有关。