青海省草业产业化存在的问题及对策

草业产业化是青海省畜牧业经济持续稳定发展的关键。针对青海省草产业现状及存在产业化水平低、投入不足、发展慢、技术含量低、市场不健全、管理不规范等问题,科学合理地提出加快草业产业化发展的对策。     

关于青海省草业产业化的现状及问题探讨

草业是青海省经济的支柱产业之一,草业产业化是关系我省丰富的草地资源能否开发和草地畜牧业经济能否发展的关键。但草地产业化发展也存在牧区天然草地普遍超载过牧,牧草的季节供求不平衡,畜牧业抗灾能力低;草业科技起步晚、基础薄等问题。本文根据草产业发展出现的问题．一今后发展的方向等方面,提出一些对策措施供人家参考。     

试论青海省发展草业的重要意义及对策

草地畜牧业是青海省支柱产业之一，而草业为草地畜牧业提供了重要的物质基础。本文论述了青海省大力发展草业的重要意义，针对青海省草业发展滞后、服务体系不健全、投入不足、整体功能弱化等客观问题，科学地提出了今后发展草业的对策。     

试论青海省发展草业的重要意义及对策

草地畜牧业是青海省支柱产业之一,而草业为草地畜牧业提供了重要的物质基础。本文论述了青海省大力发展草业的重要意义,针对青海省草业发展滞后、服务体系不健全、投入不足、整体功能弱化等客观问题,科学地提出了今后发展草业的对策。     

青海省草业发展布局及思路

草业是青海省畜牧业经济支柱产业,按照青海省地理地貌、生态特点和农牧业发展规划,科学合理地进行草业发展布局,是充分利用草地资源,振兴畜牧经济的关键环节。本文在分析青海省草业发展现状的基础上,对青海省草业进行分区布局,并提出了加快法制建设,提高科技含量,控制人口数量,提高牧民素质,加大资金投入,加强宣传教育等促进草业持续发展的思路。     

青海省草业发展布局及思路

草业是青海省畜牧业经济支柱产业，按照青海省地理地貌、生态特点和农牧业发展规划，科学合理地进行草业发展布局，是充分利用草地资源，振兴畜牧经济的关键环节。本文在分析青海省草业发展现状的基础上，对青海省草业进行分区布局，并提出了加快法制建设，提高科技含量，控制人口数量，提高牧民素质，加大资金投入，加强宣传教育等促进草业持续发展的思路。     

新疆兵团农十二师104团草原工作中存在的问题及对策

草业是104团经济支柱产业之一。草业产业化是关系104团丰富的草地资源能否开发和草地畜牧业能否健康发展的关键。但草地产业化发展也存在牧区天然草地普遍超载过牧，牧草的季节供水不平衡，畜牧业抗灾能力低，草业科技起步晚，基础薄等问题，本文根据草产业发展出现的问题，今后发展的方向等方面，提出一些对策措施供大家参考。     

云南牧草种子产业化的思考

近年云南牧草种子生产有了发展,但生产水平低,数量和质量都满足不了草业发展及市场的需要.分析了云南省牧草种子生产中存在的体制不顺,缺乏龙头企业,运作机制不适应产业化的要求,种子生产技术不配套、产销脱节等问题,阐述了实现牧草种子产业化的必要性和重要性,并根据云南实际、市场需求,提出种子产业化发展的具体内容和发展思路.     

青海省草业发展形势及发展战略措施

草业是牧区畜牧业经济发展的基础,本文在分析青海省草业发展成就及存在问题的基础上,提出了青海省草业发展的战略措施。     

江苏省种草养畜工作现状、问题和对策

江苏省作为农区因地制宜探索开展种草养畜已成为畜牧业发展的亮点.近几年来,牧草种植面积不断增加,牧草新品种、新技术广泛应用,种草养畜促进草食畜禽生产稳中有升,并成为农民养殖增收的主要途径之一,草业向区域化、规模化、产业化方向发展初显端倪.主要做法:加强种草养畜技术宣传和培训工作,培植、扶持种草养畜龙头企业,积极推动基地建设,认真开展种草养畜科研工作.存在问题:全省种草养畜发展不平衡,牧草品种存在退化现象,草业产业化经营程度偏低,牧草加工龙头企业较少,受扩大粮食种植面积政策的影响,牧草种植面积有所减少.对策:加大农区草业发展的宣传和扶持力度,加强草业科技研究和示范推广工作,大力推进草业产业化进程.     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …