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1.
The internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS1 and ITS2) of the 18S-25S nuclear ribosomal DNA from the four recognized species of Citrullus (C. lanatus var. lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai., C. lanatus var. citroides (Bailey) Mansf., C. colocynthis (L.) Schrad., C. ecirrhosus Cogn., and C. rehmii De Winter) and Acanthosicycos naudinianus (Sond.) C. Jeffrey were amplified by PCR, and direct sequenced. Within the taxa examined, the length of ITS1 varied from 216 bp to 219 bp, and ITS2 varied from 239 bp to 249 bp. The average %CG content ranged from 59 to 64% and from 62 to 66% for ITS1 and ITS2, respectively. The greater length variation observed in ITS2 was primarily attributable to the occurrence of a (CC)n microsatellite. Cladistic (PAUP) and phenetic (MEGA) analyses resulted in highly resolutive trees. ITS sequence analysis placed the recently described C. rehmii adjacent to the cultivated watermelon and supported the validity of the species classification of this taxa. 相似文献
2.
Comparative analyses of genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationshipsof sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) and its wildrelatives in Ipomoea series Batataswere conducted using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and sequencedata from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal DNA. LowITS divergence among thirteen species of ser. Batatasresulted in poorly resolved relationships. More variable AFLP characters werefound to be more efficient in characterizing genetic diversity and phylogeneticrelationships at both intra- and interspecific levels within ser.Batatas. Highly informative AFLP fingerprints of 36accessions representing 10 species of ser. Batatas weregenerated using only six primer combinations. Of the species examined,I. trifida was found to be the mostclosely related to I. batatas, whileI. ramosissima andI. umbraticola were the most distantlyrelated to I. batatas. The highlypolymorphic AFLP markers are a valuable tool in assessing genetic diversity andphylogenetic relationships of sweetpotato and its wild relatives. 相似文献
3.
Bahattin Tanyolac 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2003,50(6):611-614
Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) and Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to analyze genetic distance among H. vulgare subsp. spontaneum populations from west Turkey. Fifty-five RAPD and 10 ISSR primers were used to detect variation among sample. A total of 55 polymorphic loci were found using 65 primers. Two distinct cluster groups were clearly established among populations. The minimum variation was detected between Pinarbasi and Bornova (GD = 0.192) populations and the maximum was found between Icmeler and Aydin populations (GD = 0.926). As two dominant markers, RAPD and ISSRs are effective and promising marker systems for detecting genetic variation. 相似文献
4.
V. Sérgio Emílio Dos Santos M. Aparecido Gimenes J. Francisco Montenegro Valls C. Romero Lopes 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2003,50(8):841-848
Some Arachis species are widely used as commercial plants, e.g. the groundnut A. hypogaea, an important source of good quality protein and oil, and A. pintoi and A. glabrata, that are utilized as forage species. Germplasm of most Arachis species is available in germplasm banks. However, little it is known about the genetic attributes of this germplasm, and mainly about its genetic variability, which is very important for its maintenance. In the present study RAPDs were used to assay the genetic variation within and among 48 accessions of five sections of the genus Arachis and to establish the genetic relationships among these accessions. Ten of 34 primers tested were selected for DNA amplification reactions since they yielded the largest numbers of polymorphic loci. A dendrogram was constructed based on data from the 10 primers selected. Eighty RAPD polymorphic bands were analyzed among the accessions studied. The relationships among species based on RAPDs were similar to those previously reported based on morphological, cytological and crossability data; demonstrating that RAPDs can be used to determine the genetic relationships among species of the different sections of the genus Arachis. In general, wide variation was found among accessions and low variation was found within the accessions that had two or more plants analyzed. However, higher polymorphism was found in the section Trierectoides and in one accession of A. major, indicating that generalizations should be avoided and each species should be analyzed in order to establish collection and maintenance strategies. 相似文献
5.
Yohannes Petros Arnulf Merker Habtamu Zeleke 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2008,55(3):451-458
Genetic relationships and diversity of 45 Guizotia populations each consisting of ten individuals and belonging to five taxa of the genus Guizotia were analyzed using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers. Five ISSR primers generated a total of 145 scorable bands
across the 450 individuals used for the study. The percent polymorphic loci for the taxa ranged from 68.2 (G. arborescens) to 88% (G. scabra ssp. schimperi), with G. scabra ssp. scabra, G. zavattarii and G. villosa following G. scabra ssp. schimperi in this order with respect to the abundance of percent polymorphic loci. The Shannon-Weaver diversity indices (H′), for the
five taxa also followed a similar pattern, with G. scabra ssp. schimperi exhibiting the highest H′ (0.7373) and G. arborescens the least (0.5791), while H′ for G. scabra ssp. scabra, G. villosa and G. zavattarii were 0.7313, 0.6620 and 0.6564, respectively. The least genetic distance (0.1188) was observed between G. scabra ssp. schimperi and G.villosa, revealing closer genetic relationships of the two species with each other than with the others, and the highest genetic
distance (0.2740) was observed between G. scabra ssp. schimperi and G. zavattarii. The unweighted pair group method using the arithmetic average clustering of the five taxa using the standard genetic distances
produced two clusters, with G. scabra ssp. schimperi and G. villosa occurring in one cluster and G. scabra ssp. scabra, G. arborescens and G. zavattarii together in the other cluster. The study reveals that G. scabra ssp. schimperi is more closely related to G. villosa than to G. scabra ssp. scabra. 相似文献
6.
Lu Bao Kunsong Chen Dong Zhang Yufen Cao Toshiya Yamamoto Yuanwen Teng 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(5):959-971
Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to assess genetic diversity and relationship of Pyrus L. cultivars native mainly to East Asia. A total of 168 putative alleles were generated from six primer-pairs (BGA35, KU10,
BGT23b, NH004a, NH011b and NH015a). All the SSR markers showed a high level of genetic polymorphism with a mean of 28 putative
alleles per locus and the heterozygosity of 0.63. The Dice’s similarity coefficient between cultivars ranged from 0.02 to
0.98 and Occidental pears generally had low affinities to Asian pears. Ten major groups were generated from all the accessions
by UPGMA clusters analysis. Chinese sand pears consisted of four groups with Chinese white pears and Japanese pears, of which
Chinese sand pears occurred in all four groups, presenting a large genetic diversity, Chinese white pears were included in
three groups, and Japanese pears only fell into one group. In the dendrogram, Chinese sand pears and Chinese white pears did
not form discrete group, even subgroups. Some Japanese pear cultivars had high affinities to Chinese sand pear cultivars.
These findings supports the authors’ previous viewpoints of Chinese white pears as a variety or an ecotype of Chinese sand
pears (P. pyrifolia var. sinensis (Lindley) Y. Teng et K. Tanabe) and the progenitor of Japanese pears coming from China. Cultivars of P. ussuriensis Maxim. were clustered together with one clone of P. hondoensis Nakai et Kikuchi, a relative species of P. ussuriensis. Cultivars of P. communis L. and other Occidental species formed three independent groups and were distant from most Asian pears, except for P. betulaefolia Bge. 相似文献
7.
Ten cpSCAR markers that show polymorphism in Prunus avium were used to fingerprint sweet cherry cultivars. The purpose of the study was also to contribute to identification and to
help determine their genetic interrelationships. Samples of ‘0900 Ziraat’, a superior Turkish variety, which were collected
in several locations all over Turkey, had identical cpSCAR patterns, and they resembled a common European haplotype, A. ‘Sweetheart’,
‘Summit’ and ‘Canada Giant’ and their haplotype are intermediate between the previously described haplotypes A and B, which
were originally found in Central and Eastern European sweet and wild cherries, and those from Northern Turkey, respectively.
The data therefore suggests a local maternal descent (within Europe and Asia Minor) of the cultivars analysed. Our results
show that chloroplast DNA analysis is a straightforward way to classify cherry cultivars. We compare our results to others
previously reported for sweet cherry cultivars, and conclude that cpSCAR diversity data could be considered for phylogenetic
studies in this group. 相似文献
8.
The genetic relationships among 56 melon (Cucumis melo L.) genotypes collected from various parts of Turkey were determined by comparing their phenotypic and molecular traits with
those of 23 local and foreign melon genotypes to investigate the taxonomic relationships and genetic variation of Turkish
melon germplasm. Sixty-one phenotypic characters and 109 polymorphic RAPD markers obtained from 33 primers were used to define
the genetic similarity among the melon genotypes by dendrograms or two and three dimensional scaling. There were high correlations
(r ≥ 0.97) among the four resulting matrices used in molecular characterization. The correlations between phenotypic (Euclidean)
and molecular Euclidean, Jaccard, Simple matching, and Nei analyses were r = 0.41, r = −0.40, r = −0.43 and r = −0.40, respectively. Related genotypes or genotypes collected from similar regions were partitioned to similar clusters.
Both analyses (phenotypic and molecular) indicated that non-sweet melon types were dissimilar from sweet types and diversity
of Turkish melon genotypes was higher than that of sweet foreign cultivars examined, but similar to that of the reference
accessions employed. It was also observed that sweet Turkish melon genotypes belonging to groups inodorus and group cantalupensis
were highly variable and could have intermated or have crossed with other non-sweet types. 相似文献
9.
Shao-Qing Tang Xiao-Yun Bin Yun-Tao Peng Jun-Ya Zhou Li Wang Yang Zhong 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(5):1053-1061
Genetic variation of wild populations and cultivars of Luohanguo (Siraitia grosvenorii), a plant species endemic to southern China, was assessed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and amplified fragment
length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Based on the results for 130 individuals from seven populations, a high level of genetic
diversity of Luohanguo was observed at the species level. The percentage of polymorphic loci (P) was 89.4%, Nei’s gene diversity (H
e) was 0.239, and Shannon’s information index (H
o) was 0.373 based on the combined AFLP and RAPD data. There was a high degree of genetic differentiation, with 45.1% of the
genetic variation attributed to differences between the populations. The genetic diversity of the Luohanguo cultivars is much
lower than that of wild populations (P = 41.8%, H
e = 0.141, H
o = 0.211), and a distinct genetic differentiation is observed between the cultivars and wild accessions. The pool of genetic
variation in the wild populations provides an excellent gene resource for Luohanguo breeding. 相似文献
10.
Hironori Katayama Shiho Adachi Toshiya Yamamoto Chiyomi Uematsu 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(7):1573-1585
Iwateyamanashi (Pyrus ussuriensis var. aromatica) is one of the Pyrus species which grows wild in Japan. The number of Iwateyamanashi trees has been decreasing, so conservation and evaluation
is urgently needed. Over 500 accessions of Pyrus species collected from Iwate in northern Tohoku region are maintained at Kobe University as an Iwateyamanashi germplasm collection.
In order to investigate the genetic diversity, five SSR (simple sequence repeat) markers, developed from Japanese and European
pear were examined for 86 Pyrus individuals including 58 accessions from Iwate. These SSR loci could discriminate between all the Iwate accessions except
for 10 that bear seedless fruit, as well as determine the genetic diversity in Iwateyamanashi germplasms. High levels of variation
were detected in 41 alleles and the mean observed heterozygosity across 5 loci was 0.50 for the Iwate accessions. Seedless
accessions sharing identical SSR genotype with the local pear variety “Iwatetanenashi” were supposed to have been propagated
vegetatively via grafting. In an UPGMA phenogram, Japanese pear varieties (P. pyrifolia) were clustered into two groups with some Iwate accessions including seedless ones. Another 38 Iwate accessions were not
clustered clearly, and there was no clear relationship between these accessions and geographical distribution or morphological
characters. Allele frequency revealed that the Iwate accessions were genetically more divergent than the Japanese pear varieties.
Most Japanese pears possessed a 219 bp deletion at a spacer region between the accD and psaI genes in the chloroplast DNA (cpDNA), but other Pyrus species and two Iwateyamanashi trees did not. In the Iwate accessions, 79.3% had a deletion type cpDNA and others had a standard
type cpDNA without deletion. These results are indicative of the wide range of genetic diversity in the Iwate accessions which
include Japanese pear varieties. A combination of SSR and cpDNA analyses revealed high heterogeneity in Iwateyamanashi and
coexistence of Iwateyamanashi and hybrid progeny with P. pyrifolia. These could be reasons for the wide range of continuous morphological variation described previously. 相似文献