稀释介质种类对豆乳蛋白胶体粒子zeta电位测定效果的影响

蛋白粒子zeta电位是衡量豆乳体系稳定性的一个重要指标,而在电位分析前常采用稀释介质对豆乳进行预处理。为了确保zeta电位测定的准确性和科学性,必须选择合适的稀释介质。因此,该研究采用去离子水、豆乳超滤液两种稀释介质分别对豆乳进行稀释,并比较了这2种稀释介质对zeta电位、粒径分布、pH值以及电导率的影响。结果表明,若以去离子水为稀释介质,zeta电位的绝对值会随着稀释倍数的升高而显著增加（*P<0.05）,这主要是由于豆乳蛋白胶体粒子发生解聚导致粒径减小,而pH值的升高和电导率的降低则说明豆乳的离子强度显著降低。相比之下,选用豆乳超滤液稀释豆乳时,体系的 zeta 电位、粒径分布、pH值以及电导率都未随稀释倍数的增加而改变（*P>0.05）,说明此法能够较好地维持豆乳蛋白粒子的荷电稳定性。由此可知,豆乳超滤液可做为豆乳zeta电位测定的理想稀释介质。     

稀释介质种类对豆乳蛋白胶体粒子zeta电位测定效果的影响（英文）

蛋白粒子zeta电位是衡量豆乳体系稳定性的一个重要指标,而在电位分析前常采用稀释介质对豆乳进行预处理。为了确保zeta电位测定的准确性和科学性,必须选择合适的稀释介质。因此,该研究采用去离子水、豆乳超滤液两种稀释介质分别对豆乳进行稀释,并比较了这2种稀释介质对zeta电位、粒径分布、p H值以及电导率的影响。结果表明,若以去离子水为稀释介质,zeta电位的绝对值会随着稀释倍数的升高而显著增加(*P0.05),这主要是由于豆乳蛋白胶体粒子发生解聚导致粒径减小,而p H值的升高和电导率的降低则说明豆乳的离子强度显著降低。相比之下,选用豆乳超滤液稀释豆乳时,体系的zeta电位、粒径分布、p H值以及电导率都未随稀释倍数的增加而改变(*P0.05),说明此法能够较好地维持豆乳蛋白粒子的荷电稳定性。由此可知,豆乳超滤液可做为豆乳zeta电位测定的理想稀释介质。     

蛋白水解物及多糖负载姜黄素制备纳米颗粒及其稳定性

为了提供一种姜黄素纳米颗粒的制备载体,该文以玉米醇溶蛋白水解物(zein hydrolyate,ZH)和大豆可溶性多糖(soluble soybean polysaccharides,SSPS)复合物(ZH-SSPS)为原料,通过反溶剂纳米沉淀法制备了一种水溶性姜黄素纳米颗粒(curcumin nanoparticles,Cur-Ps),并考查了SSPS与ZH在制备姜黄素纳米颗粒中的协同作用。研究结果表明,当ZH的质量浓度在2.5 mg/m L以下时,SPSS的存在会使姜黄素的水溶性有所提高。当ZH的质量浓度在2.5 mg/m L以上时,姜黄素在水中的溶解量可高达135μg/m L,SSPS的加入无法使姜黄素的水溶性进一步提升。在中性条件(p H值7.0)或低离子强度(50 mmol/L)下,ZH及ZH-SSPS分别制备的姜黄素纳米颗粒(Cur-Ps)都具有良好的胶体稳定性。但在酸性(p H值为4.5和2.0)或高离子强度(200 mmol/L)下,ZH-SSPS较单独的ZH制备的Cur-Ps具有更好的胶体稳定性。体外释放研究表明,ZH及ZH-SSPS分别制备的Cur-Ps都具有一定的缓释作用,但ZH-SSPS制备的Cur-Ps具有更好的缓释效果,6 h的累积释放率在80%以下。1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼(1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)游离基氧化稳定性试验表明,姜黄素经纳米包埋后其氧化稳定性得到了显著提高(P0.05)。此外,ZH-SSPS制备的Cur-Ps冻干粉呈现多孔的海绵状结构,其复溶率显著提高(P0.05),可达90%以上。因此,SSPS和ZH在制备Cur-Ps的过程中具有明显的协同作用。利用ZH-SSPS制备的Cur-Ps溶液,外观澄清透明,能够为功能性饮料的营养强化提供借鉴。     

短链葡聚糖-姜黄素纳米乳液的制备及结构表征

利用短链葡聚糖(short glucan chains,SGC)的螺旋空间结构来包埋姜黄素(curcumin,CUR)。通过使用高剪切分散乳化机高速剪切溶液5 min,用纳米均质机在50 MPa压力下高压均质经剪切后的乳液2次制备成纳米乳液以提高其包埋率和载药量。XRD (x-ray diffraction)和TGA (thermogravimetric analysis)很好的验证了包合物的形成,通过TGA、SEM (scanning electron microscopy)、激光粒径分析仪等各种表征分析得出短链葡聚糖-姜黄素纳米乳液制备成功,所制得的乳液对姜黄素的包埋率和载药量都高于短链葡聚糖-姜黄素包合物,分别达到了71.11%和12.07%,说明制备成纳米乳液对姜黄素的包埋率和载药量都有了明显的提高。所制备的纳米乳液的粒径小于300 nm,粒径分布均一,Zeta电位观测表明所制得的乳液的稳定性有所提高。为提高食品及医药领域姜黄素的生物利用率提供了一定的参考意义。     

鸡白细胞介素2（IL-2）DNA-壳聚糖纳米粒的制备及体外转染

构建了携带鸡白细胞介素2(IL-2)编码基因的重组真核表达质粒,通过复凝聚法制备了含有该重组真核表达质粒的壳聚糖纳米粒子.对制备的IL-2DNA-壳聚糖纳米粒子(IL-2 DNA-chitosan nanoparticles)进行了表征.纳米粒子呈球形,粒径分布范围为50～500nm,表面带正电,电势为+17.8mV,DNA质量占纳米粒子总质量的40.2%.DNA酶保护性、稳定性和体外释放试验证明,制备的纳米粒子在微酸性(pH 6.0)和微碱性(pH 7.4)环境中稳定性较高,可保护携带的DNA分子不被0.6～0.8U/mL DNA酶的降解.用制备的纳米粒子转染Df-1细胞系,间接免疫荧光检测结果证明,该纳米粒子可携带质粒DNA进入细胞,使携带的外源基因获得表达.流式细胞术检测证明,纳米粒子的转染效率为0.2%,与裸DNA转染对照组相比较,包封入壳聚糖纳米粒子中可提高DNA的转染效率.     

不同乳化剂对姜黄素乳液理化稳定性的影响

姜黄素具有许多生物活性功能,但较差的溶解度和稳定性限制了其在食品和医药领域的应用。为筛选出具有良好稳定性的姜黄素乳液,本研究以亚麻籽油为姜黄素的油相载体,经高压均质法制备出姜黄素乳液中研究卵磷脂、吐温-80、阿拉伯胶和乳清分离蛋白4种食品级乳化剂对姜黄素乳液的理化特性和贮藏稳定性的影响,从包埋率、浊度、粒径、电位等方面进行稳定性评价。结果表明,吐温-80稳定的姜黄素乳液中姜黄素包埋率较高(76.98%),浊度和平均粒径最小,分别为848.0 NTR、214.23±1.52 nm;同时在贮藏期内姜黄素乳液的平均粒径变化最小,增长不到1%,贮藏稳定性表现良好。同时,4℃低温条件下姜黄素保留率最高,达到88.02%。结果表明,选用吐温-80作为乳化剂,姜黄素乳液具有最好的溶解性和稳定性,这为今后姜黄素在食品工业中的广泛应用提供了新思路。     

纳米化阿维菌素悬浮剂的制备及部分性质研究

为了使阿维菌素的分散性、稳定性、适应性更强,利用壳聚糖带阳离子的特性,使其与带阴离子的三聚磷酸钠发生离子交联,包裹部分阿维菌素颗粒后形成纳米载药颗粒,制备了水基纳米阿维菌素悬浮剂。透射电子显微镜、粒度分析仪和紫外分光光度法检测结果显示,在纳米阿维菌素悬浮剂中,悬浮粒子呈不规则圆形,87.46%粒子的粒径位于18～102.2nm之间,平均粒径为28.46nm,阿维菌素的载药量为48.25%,在光照下的稳定性增强,经过16h紫外光照,纳米阿维菌素悬浮剂中阿维菌素降解率为38.41%,比同样条件下制备的纳米化阿维菌素微乳剂降解率低11.46%,比原药的降解率低29.41%。该悬浮剂的分散性、离心稳定性都为优级,对水温、不同水质水的适应能力强。     

有机质去除对黄土纳米颗粒悬浮液稳定性的影响

土壤纳米颗粒是有机无机复合体,研究有机质对土壤纳米颗粒体系稳定性的影响具有重要意义。以塿土和褐土纳米颗粒以及去除有机质塿土和去除有机质褐土纳米颗粒为研究对象,分别测定颗粒的粒径分布、zeta电位、临界聚沉浓度(Critical coagulation concentration,CCC)等指标,利用德查金-朗道-维韦-奥弗比克(Derjauin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek,DLVO)理论计算颗粒的哈默克(Hamaker)常数和相互作用能。结果表明:塿土和褐土纳米颗粒的平均直径分别为94.00nm和88.20 nm,去有机质黄土纳米颗粒的平均直径则略高于100 nm;相较于黄土纳米颗粒,去有机质黄土纳米颗粒的zeta电位绝对值降低,颗粒间静电排斥势能降低;DLVO模型拟合得到塿土和褐土纳米颗粒在真空中的哈默克常数分别为6.86×10~(-20) J和9.73×10~(-20) J,去有机质处理后相应数值为3.14×10~(-20) J和3.40×10~(-20) J,后者范德华引力势能降低;去有机质黄土纳米颗粒间总势能高于黄土纳米颗粒,其CCC更大,稳定分散能力更强。土壤有机质含量越高,有机无机复合程度越高,颗粒越趋向于凝聚,这可能是有机质增强团聚体稳定性的原因之一。     

褐土碳酸钙结核的胶体特性研究

碳酸钙是黄土母质发育土壤的重要胶结物质,对土壤团粒结构的形成具有重要作用。本文采集了碳酸盐褐土中的碳酸钙结核,采用物理分散法和化学分散法分别提取得到褐土碳酸钙结核纳米颗粒和褐土碳酸钙结核胶体,并以工业纳米碳酸钙作为对照对其胶体特性进行研究。采用X射线衍射仪、zeta电位仪和动态光散射仪对褐土碳酸钙结核胶体和工业纳米碳酸钙的矿物组成、zeta电位和胶体稳定性进行了表征。结果表明：褐土碳酸钙结核胶体、褐土碳酸钙结核纳米颗粒和工业纳米碳酸钙的初始颗粒直径分别为224.24、88.01和98.50nm,而褐土碳酸钙结核胶体和褐土碳酸钙结核纳米颗粒的多分散度高于工业纳米碳酸钙。褐土碳酸钙结核胶体中方解石含量为70.3%,其次含有石英、长石和伊利石等矿物;褐土碳酸钙结核纳米颗粒主要含有方解石和伊利石,含量分别为48%和45%。3种碳酸钙胶体表面均带负电荷,其zeta电位绝对值均随着溶液pH的增大而增大。褐土碳酸钙结核胶体在NaCl和CaCl₂溶液中的临界聚沉浓度分别为538.01mmol/L和2.08mmol/L,褐土碳酸钙结核纳米颗粒在NaCl和CaCl₂     

ZnO纳米粒子光催化降解失效农药草甘膦的研究

采用Zn（NO3）2.6H2O和CF3COONa为原料制备ZnO纳米材料,运用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）和紫外-可见漫反射光谱（UV-VisDRS）测定等技术对其进行表征。ZnO纳米粒子在波长为200～400nm的紫外光范围内具有强吸收,以高压汞灯为光源,利用ZnO纳米催化剂对失效农药草甘膦（FGP）进行光降解实验。研究表明,在经900℃煅烧的ZnO纳米粒子浓度为0.5g.L-1,FGP试液初始pH=2.2的条件下,光催化降解90min后FGP去除率达91.8%;光催化体系中,引入Fe3＋有利于提升ZnO纳米粒子催化活性。光谱分析显示,经ZnO纳米粒子光催化,失效农药草甘膦基本降解。     

Development of zein nanoparticles coated with carboxymethyl chitosan for encapsulation and controlled release of vitamin D3

In this study, zein nanoparticles coated with carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) were prepared to encapsulate vitamin D3 (VD3). VD3 was first encapsulated into zein nanoparticles using a low-energy phase separation method and coated with CMCS simultaneously. Then, calcium was added to cross-link CMCS to achieve thicker and denser coatings. The nanoparticles with CMCS coatings had a spherical structure with particle size from 86 to 200 nm. The encapsulation efficiency was greatly improved to 87.9% after CMCS coating, compared with 52.2% for that using zein as a single encapsulant. The physicochemical properties were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Nanoparticles with coatings provided better controlled release of VD3 in both PBS medium and simulated gastrointestinal tract. Photostability against UV light was significantly improved after encapsulation. Encapsulation of hydrophobic nutrients in zein nanoparticles with CMCS coatings is a promising approach to enhance chemical stability and controlled release property.     

Stability of chitosan nanoparticles for L-ascorbic acid during heat treatment in aqueous solution

This study investigated the stability and characteristics of L-ascorbic acid (AA)-loaded chitosan (CS) nanoparticles during heat processing in aqueous solutions. AA-loaded CS nanoparticles were prepared by ionic gelation of CS with tripolyphosphate (TPP) anions. The smallest CS nanoparticles (170 nm) were obtained with a CS concentration of 1.5 mg/mL and a TPP concentration of 0.6 mg/mL. As the concentration of AA increased from 0.1 to 0.3 mg/mL, the particle size increased, while the zeta potential decreased, and the encapsulation efficiency of AA remained within a fixed range (10-12%). During heat processing at various temperatures, the size and zeta potential of the particles decreased rapidly in the first 5 min and then slowly fell to the regular range. At the beginning of the release profiles, the burst release-related stability of the surface increased with the temperature. Then, the release of the internal AA was constantly higher with a longer release time. Consequently, it was confirmed that the stability of AA-loaded CS nanoparticles was affected by temperature but that the internal stability was greater than the surface stability. These results demonstrate the stability of CS nanoparticles for AA during heat processing and suggest the possible use of AA-loaded CS nanoparticles to enhance antioxidant effects because of the continuous release of AA from CS nanoparticles in food processing.     

Development of flexible antimicrobial packaging materials against Campylobacter jejuni by incorporation of gallic acid into zein-based films

In this study, antimicrobial films were developed against Campylobacter jejuni by incorporation of gallic acid (GA) into zein-based films. The zein and zein-wax composite films containing GA between 2.5 and 10 mg/cm(2) were effective on different C. jejuni strains in a concentration-dependent manner. Zein and zein-wax composite films showed different release profiles in distilled water but quite similar release profiles at solid agar medium. Depending on incorporated GA concentration, 60-80% of GA released from the films, while the remaining GA was bound or trapped by film matrix. The GA at 2.5 and 5 mg/cm(2) caused a considerable increase in elongation (57-280%) of all zein films and eliminated their classical flexibility problems. The zein-wax composite films were less flexible than zein films, but the films showed similar tensile strengths and Young's modulus. Scanning electron microscopy indicated different morphologies of zein and zein-wax composite films. This study clearly showed the good potential of zein and GA to develop flexible antimicrobial films against C. jejuni.     

Effect of γ-zein on the rheological behavior of concentrated zein solutions

Zein, the prolamin of corn, is attractive to the food and pharmaceutical industries because of its ability to form edible films. It has also been investigated for its application in encapsulation, as a drug delivery base, and in tissue scaffolding. Zein is actually a mixture of proteins, which can be separated by SDS-PAGE into α-, β-, γ-, and δ-zein. The two major fractions are α-zein, which accounts for 70-85% of the total zein, and γ-zein (10-20%). γ-Zein has a high cysteine content relative to α-zein and is believed to affect zein rheological properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of γ-zein on the often observed phenomena of zein gelation. Gelation affects the structural stability of zein solutions, which affects process design for zein extraction operations and development of applications. The rheological parameters, storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G″), were measured for zein solutions (27% w/w solids in 70% ethanol). β-Mercaptoethanol (BME) was added to the solvent to investigate the effect of sulfhydryl groups on zein rheology. Modulus data showed that zein samples containing γ-zein had measurable gelation times under experimental conditions, contrary to samples with no γ-zein, where gelation was not detected. Addition of BME decreased the gelation time of samples containing γ-zein. This was attributed to protein unfolding. SEM images of zein microstructure revealed the formation of microspheres for samples with relatively high content of α-zein, whereas γ-zein promoted the formation of networks. Results of this work may be useful to improve understanding of the rheological behavior of zein.     

辐照降解壳聚糖涂膜对沙糖桔、圣女果和金桔的保鲜作用

研究了经辐照降解后的不同分子量壳聚糖对沙糖桔、圣女果、金桔在贮存过程中失重率、腐烂率、总酸、可溶性固形物以及抗坏血酸的影响。结果表明:降解壳聚糖处理可显著降低3种果实的失重率和腐烂率,延缓总酸、可溶性固形物以及抗坏血酸含量的下降;其中,分子量为6.6×104Da的壳聚糖对3种水果的保鲜效果最佳,贮存18d的腐烂率较对照组分别降低71.11%、66.01%和70.22%,总酸提高55.60%3、6.75%和36.68%,可溶性固形物提高49.06%、25.75%和49.46%,抗坏血酸提高42.80%、41.65%和51.70%。因此,辐照降解壳聚糖能有效降低3种水果的腐烂率,延长贮存期至18d,并保持其营养品质。     

糖基化改性玉米醇溶蛋白膜的性能及硬胶囊体外释放分析

为了探究改性对玉米醇溶蛋白膜的性能影响,明确制备硬胶囊后的体外释放规律。该研究采用葡萄糖对玉米醇溶蛋白进行湿法糖基化改性,对糖基化改性产物的机械性能、阻湿性、阻氧性、阻油性和肠溶性进行研究。结果表明,改性后玉米醇溶蛋白膜的抗拉强度为34.06 MPa,相比未改性zein膜4.67 MPa有明显提高(P0.05);改性后玉米醇溶蛋白的吸水率在24 h达到最大,为84.98%;zein-glu膜的过氧化值为0.43 g/100 g,较zein膜的过氧化值0.49 g/100 g低;zein-glu膜的水蒸气透过率在达到平稳时降至7.89×10~(-8) g·m/(m~2·d·Pa);zein-glu膜的透油系数为0,阻油性与市售保鲜膜相当;胶囊释放以罗丹明B作为胶囊填充内容物,结果表明由zein-glu制备的胶囊具有肠溶性,模拟体外释放的拟合数学模型决定系数R~2为0.800,该模型通过卡方检验、相关系数检验和t统计量的显著性检验。研究结果可为玉米醇溶蛋白的改性、成膜机制和肠溶性释放提供理论参考。     

Development of New Method for Extraction of α‐Zein from Corn Gluten Meal Using Different Solvents

A modified procedure for the extraction of α‐zein from corn gluten meal was developed and compared against a commercial extraction method. The modification involved raising the concentration of alcohol in solvent and removing the precipitate by centrifugation. Five organic solvent mixtures were compared using the modified extraction procedure developed along with the reductant sodium bisulfite and NaOH. The modified procedure precipitated most of the non‐α‐zein protein solids by increasing the concentration of alcohol. The supernatant had α‐zein‐rich fraction, resulting in higher yield of α‐zein than the commercial method when cold precipitated. The commercial extraction procedure had a zein yield of 23% and protein purity of 28% using 88% 2‐propanol solvent. The three best solvents, 70% 2‐propanol, 55% 2‐propanol, and 70% ethanol, yielded ≈35% of zein at protein purity of 44% using the modified extraction procedure. Zeins extracted using the novel method were lighter in color than the commercial method. Densitometry scans of SDS‐PAGE of α‐zein‐rich solids showed relatively large quantities of α‐zein with apparent molecular weights of 19,000 and 22,000 Da. The α‐zein‐rich solids also had small amounts of δ‐zein (10,000 Da) because it shares similar solubility properties to α‐zein. A solvent mixture with 70% 2‐propanol, 22.5% glycerol, and 7.5% water extracted significantly less zein (≈33%) compared to all other solvents and had α‐zein bands that differed in appearance and contained little to no δ‐zein.     

电场处理改善玉米醇溶蛋白膜理化性质

传统浇铸法制备的玉米醇溶蛋白薄膜表面粗糙,机械性质及耐水性较差。为了改善玉米醇溶蛋白理化性质,在传统浇铸法膜制备过程中引入平行匀强电场(1~5 A/m2)处理蛋白成膜液。经过电场处理后,玉米醇溶蛋白表面光滑、形状完整。试验结果表明:电场处理可改善薄膜力学性质、表面疏水性、水蒸气透过率等性质;随着电流密度的增大,薄膜拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、水蒸气透过率、吸水率以及表面接触角呈现规律性增加或者减小;电场处理下薄膜热特性改变,与未处理组相比变性温度略有提高,最大增幅为19.5℃。当电流密度为4 A/m2时,薄膜理化性质较佳:拉伸强度、断裂伸长率分别为73.09 MPa和9.68%,吸水率降低至14.87%,水蒸气透过率为2.55×10-8 g·m/(m2·h·Pa),静态接触角为62.18°,变性温度提高到118.39℃,热稳定性提高,薄膜表面光滑。电场可诱导成膜液中分子有序性排列,提高薄膜均一性;通过调节电流密度可得到具有一定力学强度和亲/疏水性的薄膜。试验结果为制备具有特定功能性的纯玉米醇溶蛋白薄膜材料提供了理论依据。     

1-MCP复合杀菌剂对西州蜜甜瓜常温贮藏品质的影响

为了探究不同保鲜剂复合杀菌剂对甜瓜的保鲜效果,以西州蜜甜瓜为试验材料,研究了抑霉唑硫酸盐、ClO₂、咪鲜胺、1-MCP、1-MCP复合抑霉唑硫酸盐和无菌水对甜瓜常温贮藏下品质的影响。结果表明,与对照无菌水相比,所有保鲜剂均可显著抑制甜瓜采后腐烂与失重,维持果实硬度和可溶性固形物含量,提升贮藏品质。1-MCP与1-MCP复合杀菌剂处理可显著抑制西州蜜果实的呼吸速率和乙烯释放速率,呼吸峰值较对照无菌水分别降低43.7%和37.5%,乙烯释放峰值较对照无菌水分别降低47.9%和53.7%,呼吸峰值和乙烯释放峰值出现时间均推迟3 d。其中1-MCP复合杀菌剂对果实可滴定酸和Vc含量保持效果显著,与对照无菌水相比,可滴定酸含量提高40.0%,Vc含量提高38.2%,对西州蜜甜瓜的保鲜效果最好。     

壳聚糖-纳米氧化锌复合涂膜对甜樱桃采后生理和贮藏品质的影响

为研究壳聚糖-纳米氧化锌复合涂膜对甜樱桃贮藏期生理及品质的影响,以新鲜大连甜樱桃为材料,研究4℃条件下3种壳聚糖-纳米氧化锌复合涂膜处理(0.1%纳米氧化锌+0.2%壳聚糖、0.1%纳米氧化锌+0.5%壳聚糖、0.1%纳米氧化锌+0.8%壳聚糖)对甜樱桃的腐烂率、失重率、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、维生素C(Vc)含量、呼吸强度、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量变化的影响。结果表明,0.1%纳米氧化锌+0.8%壳聚糖复配的壳聚糖-纳米氧化锌涂膜处理对甜樱桃果实的保鲜效果优于壳聚糖单膜处理(1.0%壳聚糖)。壳聚糖-纳米氧化锌复合涂膜处理能够使可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、Vc含量维持在较高水平,降低果实的腐烂率、失重率,有效延缓呼吸强度、MDA含量的上升及CAT活性的下降,抑制POD和SOD活性。在维持甜樱桃贮藏品质和延缓衰老方面,以0.1%纳米氧化锌+0.8%壳聚糖复配的壳聚糖-纳米氧化锌复合膜处理的保鲜效果最好。本研究结果为改性壳聚糖涂膜在甜樱桃贮藏保鲜中的应用提供了理论依据。