亚太地区寡毛实蝇名录（续）

241.黑肩角桔实蝇242.三榄实蝇243.微小实蝇244.沙梨实蝇245.方实蝇246.四鬃实蝇247.刺榄实蝇248.拟林栖实蝇249.赖氏实蝇250.后曲带实蝇251.返带实蝇252.多带实蝇253.残波带实蝇254.U带实蝇255.回带实蝇256.棒带实蝇257.罗氏实蝇258.斯通尼实蝇259.暗红实蝇260.锈实蝇261.淡红实蝇262.红褐实蝇263.高地锈实蝇264.桔红实蝇265.萨摩亚实蝇266.回带多条实蝇267.森巴实蝇268.亨岛实蝇269.森林实蝇270.林栖实蝇271.拟态实蝇272.细条实蝇273.苏拉威西实蝇274.苏门答腊实蝇275.松巴哇实蝇276.塔帕实蝇277.细横带实蝇278.榄实蝇279.泰实蝇280.迪氏…     

2011年1-3月国外即将召开的植保方面的部分会议信息

(1) 03-06 January.Northeastern Weed Science Society (U.S.).Annual Meeting.Baltimore,MD,USA.Info:www.newss.org (2) 28 February-02 March.Ewrs Workshop on Weeds and Biodiversity.Dijon,France.Info:www.ewrs.org/biodiversity (3) 05-09 March.Global Conference on Entomology.Chiang Mai,Thailand.Info:info@entomology2011.com,www.entomology2011.com (4) 07-10 March.Western Society of Weed Science (U.S.).Annual Meeting,Spokane,WA,USA.Info:S.McDonald,voice:1-970-266-9573.SandraMcDonald@gmail.com.www.wsweedscience.org (5) 08-10 March.4eme Conference Internationale Sur Les.Methodes Alternative En Protection Des Cultures.Lille,France.Info:AFPP,afpp@afpp.net.Fax:33-014-179-1981. http://tinyurl.com/2g5j89z (6) 21-25 March.6th International Workshop on Management of the Diamondback Moth and other Crucifer Insect Pests.Nakhon Pathom,thailand.Info:R.Srinivasan,Srini.Ramasamy@worldveg.org (7) 28-30 March.Ewrs Physical and Cultural Weed Control.Workshop.Samsun,Turkey.Info:www.ewrs.org/pwc     

2011年6-12月即将召开的部分植保方面会议信息

(1) 22-25 June * GMOs IN INTEGRATED PLANT PROTECTION,Ceske Budejovice,CZECH REPUBLIC.Info:J.Romeis,ART,Reckenholzstr.191,8046 Zurich,SWITZERLAND.Fax:41-44-377-3201.Joerg.Romeis@art.admin.ch.Voice:41-44-377-7299.http://tinyurl.com/2clk9mn. (2) 27-28 June * BEHAVIOUR OF PESTICIDES IN AIR,SOIL AND WATER,Mainz,GERMANY.Info:S.Mummenbrauer,fresenius@akademie-fresenius.de.www.akademie-fresenius.com. (3) 10-14 July * HEMIPTERAN-PLANT INTERACTIONS SYMPOSIUM,Piracicaba,Sao Paulo,BRAZIL.Info:Joao Lopes,hemipteran@terra.com.br.http://www.infobibos.com/Hemipteran/index.html. (4) 30 August-03 September * 11th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF ALIEN PLANT INVASIONS,Szombathely,HUNGARY.Info:Z.Botta-Dukat,bdz@botanika.hu.http://tinyurl.com/2ct7gsl. (5) 05-07 September * RESISTANCE 2011,Harpenden,Herts.,UK.Info:http://tinyurl.com/3ae4729. (6) 11-16 September * 8th INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS,Waikoloa-Hawaii,HI,USA.Info:http://uhhconferencecenter.com/xiii_isbcw.html. (7) 19-22 September * NORTH AMERICAN WEED MANAGEMENT ASSN.ANNUAL MEETING,Winnipeg,MN,CANADA.Info:www.nawma.org. (8) 21-23 September * 2nd WORKSHOP,EWRS WORKING GROUP,WEED MAPPING,Jokioinen,FINLAND.Info:http://tinyurl.com/39fcxuu. (9) 10-14 October * POTENTIAL INVASIVE PESTS WORKSHOP,Miami,FL,USA.Info:http://tinyurl.com/3xkzjh9. (10) 28-30 November * 3rd BIOPESTICIDE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE,BIOCICON 2011,Palayamkottai,Tamil Nadu,INDIA.Info:K.Sahayaraj Crop Protection Research Centre,St.Xavier’s College (Autonomous),Palayamkottai-627 002,Tamil Nadu,INDIA.Ksraj42@gmail.com.Voice:91-944-349-7192. (源自IPMnet NEWS,Issue #183,December 2010,杨新玲提供)     

2011年4-6月即将召开的部分植保方面会议信息

(1) 04-07 April * 6th IOBC WORKING GROUP,MULTITROPHIC INTERACTIONS IN SOIL,Cordoba,SPAIN.Info:B.B.Landa,cordobamultitrophic2011@ias.csic.es.www.cordobamultitrophic2011.com. (2) 13 April * Postponed from 25 November 2010 * INNOVATIVE IDEAS IN PEST AND WEED CONTROL IN FIELD VEGETABLES,Harpenden,Hertfordshire,UK.Info:R.Morgan,AAB,Warwick Enterprise Park,Wellesbourne,Warwick CV35 9EF,UK.Rebecca@aab.org.uk.Fax:44-01-789-470234.Voice:44-02-476-575195.http://tinyurl.com/2ak4yju. (3) 18-21 April * WESTERN SOCIETY OF WEED SCIENCE (U.S.) 2011 NOXIOUS WEED SHORT COURSE,Loveland,CO,USA.Info:S.McDonald,voice:1-970-266-9573.SandraMcDonald@gmail.com.http://tinyurl.com/2vo3fa8. (4) 03-06 May * SEMINARIO INTERNACIONAL DE SANIDAD AGROPECUARIA,Habana,CUBA.Info:O.F.Reinosa,Uffo@censa.edu.cu.www.sanidadagropecuaria.com. (5) 26-27 May * SYMPOSIUM:BIOCONTROL OF GRAPEVINE DISEASES,Castanet-Tolosan,FRANCE.Info:INPT-SAIC "BGD," BP 34038,F-31029 Toulouse Cedex 4,FRANCE.Fax:33-053-432-3113.BGD2011@inp-toulouse.fr.http://tinyurl.com/2a4sabc. (6) 07-08 June * CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PLANT SCIENCE (with presentations specific to diseases,insects and weeds),Guelph,ON,CANADA.Info:Office of Open Learning,160 Johnson Hall,Univ.of Guelph,Guelph,ON N1G 2W1,CANADA.info@open.uoguelph.ca.Fax:1-519-767-1114.Voice:1-519-767-5000.www.plantscience.open.uoguelph.ca. (7) 20 June-01 July * AGRIGENOMICS CONGRESS 2011,Hamburg,GERMANY.Info:A.Woodley,A.Woodley@selectbiosciences.com.www.selectbiosciences.com/conferences/AGW2011/. (源目IPMnet NEWS,Issue #183,December 2010,杨新玲提供)     

2011年月即将召开的部分植保方面会议信息

(1)04-07 April*6th IOBC WORKING GROUP,MULTITROPHIC INTERACTIONS IN SOIL,Cordoba,SPAIN.Info:B.B.Landa,cordobamultitrophic 2011@ias.csic.es.www.cordobamultitrophic2011.com.     

鹅掌柴真菌病害鉴定

 调查鉴定了广州地区鹅掌柴(Schefflera actinophylla (Endl.) Harms.)上12种真菌病害及其病原菌,以叶疫病和炭疽病危害较重。病原菌中有3个新种:鹅掌柴小球腔菌Leptosphaeria schefflerae P.G.X i,P.K.Chi et Z.D.Jiang,鹅掌柴生尾孢Cercospora schefflericola P.G.Xi,P.K.Chi et Z.D.Jiang,鹅掌柴拟茎点霉Phomopsis schefflerae P.G.Xi,P.K.Chi et Z.D.Jiang和一个新组合:鹅掌柴茎点霉Phoma scheffleri (Chen) P.G.Xi et P.K.Chi。新种提供了拉丁文简介、描述和绘图,研究的标本保存在华南农业大学真菌标本室。     

新疆薄罗藓科(Leskeaceae)植物分类的初步研究

通过对产自新疆的薄罗藓科5属8种的分类学研究,包括多毛藓属Lescuraea Bruch & Schimp. in B.S.G. 的弯叶多毛藓L. incurvata (Hedw.) Lawton,密根多毛藓 L. radicosa (Mitt.) Moeck.,石生多毛藓L. saxicola (Schimp. in B.S.G.) Mol. in Lor.;薄罗藓属Leskea Hedw. 的薄罗藓L. polycarpa Hedw. ;细罗藓属Leskeella (Brid.) Loeske 的细罗藓L. nervosa (Brid.)Loeske ;细枝藓属Lindbergia (C. Müll) Broth. 的中华细枝藓L. sinensis (C. Müll) Broth. ,以及假细罗藓属 Pseudoleskeella Kindb. 的假细罗藓P. catenulata (Brid. ex Schrad.) Kindb.和瓦叶假细罗藓P. tectorum (Brid. )Kindb.。其中,薄罗藓属Leskea Hedw.为新疆新记录属;薄罗藓Leskea polycarpa Hedw. 和密根多毛藓Lescuraea radicosa (Mitt.) Moeck. 是新疆新记录种。根据标本形态特征,编制了新疆薄罗藓科植物分属、分种检索表,简要讨论了其生境和地理分布特点。     

中国的葡萄孢分类之二:一新种和五个已知种

 本文报道葡萄孢属一新种:拟葱腐葡萄孢Botrytis acladiopsis X.Y.Wang,L.X.Zhang et Z.Y.Zhang sp.nov.和5个已知种B.convoluta Drayt.,B.fabae Sard.,B.gladiolorum Timm.,B.paeoniae Oud.和B.perlargonii Roed。标本和菌种均保存于云南农业大学植病研究所真菌标本室(MHYAU)。     

假高粱及其近似种rDNA ITS序列同源性分析

根据高粱属核糖体基因转录间隔区(ITS)序列设计通用引物S9/S3,分别扩增了假高粱及其几个近似种的ITS区段,并对PCR产物进行了序列测定和分析.扩增的序列长度为559～564bp.序列分析的结果表明S. halepense、 S. silk、 S. vulgare×S. sudanense、 S. vulgare、高粱S. bicolor等属于同一聚类组,亲缘关系比较近,同源性为97.9%～100%.S. nitidum和S. versicolor属于另一个聚类组,亲缘关系比较近,同源性为97.7%.S. halepense和S. nitidum、S. versicolor ITS区序列差异大,亲缘关系较远,同源性仅为90.3%.序列分析结果支持S. nitidum属于Parasorghum区组.     

5种胡枝子光合作用特性及影响因子分析

自然条件下,对5种胡枝子属植物光合作用日进程和光响应进行了观测,结果表明5种胡枝子净光合速率的日变化在夏季表现为双峰曲线,有光合"午休"现象。牛枝子、达乌里胡枝子、阴山胡枝子、截叶胡枝子和尖叶胡枝子日平均光合速率分别为3.75μmol CO2.m-2.s-1、3.55μmol CO2.m-2.s-1、3.37μmolCO2.m-2.s-1、4.45μmol CO2.m-2.s-1、3.78μmol CO2.m-2.s-1;光补偿点分别为38.23μmol.m-2.s-1、43.24μmol.m-2.s-1、13.75μmol.m-2.s-1、36.11μmol.m-2.s-1和45.46μmol.m-2.s-1;光饱和点分别为:1225μmol.m-2.s-1、1262.6μmol.m-2.s-1、1287.5μmol.m-2.s-1、1462.5μmol.m-2.s-1和1312.5μmol.m-2.s-1显示了阳生植物特性。表观量子效率分别为0.034、0.037、0.32、0.036和0.033,可看出5种胡枝子叶片光能转化效率低,其对光的响应敏感性较差。因此,这5种胡枝子对光环境适应能力强,适合在较大范围栽植。     

与长途输送和当地污染物排放有关的大气悬浮物中的Cd/Pb和Zn/Pb比例特征(英文)

1.IntroductionAsiandustparticlesaretransportedoverlongdistancesbythewesterlywindsannuallyinlatewinterandspringandaffecttheairqualityofdownwindregionsandcountries.AnumberofinvestigationshavebeenconductedondiverseaspectsofAsiandust,includingchemical,physica…     

亚洲沙尘暴期间在澎湖列岛对大气悬浮颗粒的取样和分析(英文)

IntroductionDuringAsianduststormperiods,significantincreasesofatmosphericaerosols,particularlyPM10,havebeenobservedinTaipei,Taichung,Tainan,Kaohsiung,andPingdon,inTaiwan(ChangandYang,2002;LiuandYuan,2000;Liuetal.,2002;Tsuangetal.,2002;Yuanetal.,1999;Wange…     

乌鲁木齐冬季大气中黑碳气溶胶污染特征

利用乌鲁木齐大气成分站观测的黑碳（BC）气溶胶质量浓度、主要污染物浓度以及相关气象资料,对该地区冬季BC类气溶胶的日变化、小时变化及影响因子进行分析。结果表明： 乌鲁木齐冬季BC质量浓度平均为6.55 μg/m³,日较差较大,与API、PM₁₀、PM_2.5、PM_1.0、NO_x的日变化具有较好的相关性;BC质量浓度的小时变化具有明显的双峰特征,这与机动车排放污染、居民活动和冬季采暖燃煤等相关联; BC质量浓度出现频率主要在2～9 μg/m³,占所有观测的60%; 乌鲁木齐冬季BC质量浓度明显高于国外某些城市,与国内同类大城市的观测结果比较,其浓度相对较低;冬季从北、西北方向过来的气团易造成BC高污染;风速大于1.0 m/s时,BC质量浓度开始下降,下降幅度接近50％,当风速超过2 m/s时,风速与BC质量浓度之间没有明显相关性;工作日BC质量浓度略高于周末,周末BC质量浓度曲线比工作日推迟1 h左右。     

新疆和田绿洲空气质量状况与气象条件的关系

利用和田绿洲空气质量日报数据和同期的常规气象资料,分析了2015年1月1日至2017年12月31日该区的空气质量特征,探讨了气象条件和空气质量之间的相互关系。结果表明:和田绿洲近3 a平均环境空气质量指数(AQI)为199,达到空气质量中度污染标准,污染天数占总日数的78.1%。其中,春季空气质量最差,以严重污染为主;其次是夏季,以轻度和严重污染为主;再次是秋季和冬季,以轻度污染为主。PM10、PM2.5浓度年平均分别为332μg·m^-3和100μg·m^-3,超标率为75.7%和49.5%,其余污染物超标率在3%以下,其中PM10浓度春季最大,夏、秋季其次,冬季最小;PM2.5浓度春季最大,夏、冬季其次,秋季最小;SO2、NO2、CO浓度冬季最大,秋、春季次之,夏季最小;O3浓度夏季最大,春、秋季次之,冬季最小。除降水量外,AQI与其余气象因子均呈极显著相关;除平均气温与PM2.5、相对湿度与CO、降水量与SO2、PM10、O3、PM2.5无相关外,其余气象因子对污染物浓度均有显著影响;能见度与AQI和各类污染物浓度均为极显著相关。随着能见度的上升,AQI下降,在同样能见度条件下,AQI在沙尘多发期的夏半年高于沙尘少发期的冬半年;不管在沙尘多发期还是少发期,随着能见度的转好,SO2、PM10、CO、PM2.5浓度呈减少趋势,O3浓度呈增多趋势,NO2浓度无明显的规律,而且PM10、O3、PM2.5浓度夏半年高于冬半年,SO2、CO、NO2浓度冬半年高于夏半年。在沙尘天气期间,最低能见度小于1 km的浓浮尘和沙尘暴天气AQI相互接近,最低能见度在1~3. 5 km的浮尘和扬沙天气AQI相互接近,当最低能见度大于3.5 km时,浮尘天气的AQI高于扬沙天气的AQI;PM10、PM2.5浓度随着最低能见度升高而变小,其他污染物浓度虽然随着最低能见度的变化有一定的差别,但规律不明显。     

Ambient TSP concentration and dustfall variation in Urumqi,China

Total suspended particulate(TSP, particle diameter≤100 μm) was the dominant air pollutant and significantly influenced local air quality. In this paper, we investigated the interannual and seasonal variations of TSP and dustfall of the atmosphere over Urumqi, the capital city of Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, northwestern China, basing on environmental monitoring records and meteorological data from 1986–2012. The results showed that during the study period, annual average TSP concentration decreased from 716 to 260 μg/m3, with an average level of 422.9 μg/m3, while dustfall intensity reduced from 350.4 to 166.6 t/(km2?a), with an average level of 259 t/(km2?a). Over 50% of the annual pollution days were induced mainly by TSP. Spring and winter had relatively higher dustfall intensities, and dense traffic and residential areas had the highest dustfall intensities in the Urumqi metropolitan area. With an annual average precipitation of less than 300 mm, atmospheric particulates in Urumqi could be hardly removed through wet deposition. During spring and summertime prevailing winds from northwest and northeast could carry aeolian dust particles from sandy deserts to Urumqi. Aeolian dusts from deserts would remain to be a priority regarding air pollution control in arid oasis cities.     

沙尘暴过程中的混合层特征

本文基于大气气溶胶垂直分布的一些观测事实和针对两例不同天气类型的沙尘暴过程进行的观测分析,得出在行星边界层中,气溶胶浓度远大于其上方的自由大气;且其层结越接近中性,其浓度越接近均匀分布。在冷锋型沙尘暴的维持阶段,地面风速较强且其大小与沙尘暴强度是比较一致的。在高压底部偏东风型沙尘暴过程中,使沙尘暴触发和维持的地面风速弱于冷锋型,且沙尘暴强度与地面风速大小没有明显关系。混合层是影响沙尘暴发生及强度的另一个重要因素。混合层总与沙尘暴伴随,且其维持滞后于沙尘暴。其原因是沙尘气溶胶对地面吸收太阳辐射的削弱使混合层的日变化减小,从而产生一种使混合层维持的机制。这一辐射影响在沙尘暴过程中具有普遍性。在冷锋型沙尘暴过程中,沙尘辐射对冷锋强度的强迫也导致混合层日变化出现增强的趋势。它们的共同影响使冷锋型沙尘暴过程中混合层能够始终维持但其日变化强于高压底部型。混合层与沙尘暴的关系应该结合沙尘暴的不同发展阶段考虑。     

冷锋天气过程大气边界层特征与颗粒物污染

利用兰州大学半干旱气候与环境观测站边界层铁塔梯度观测、湍流观测和PM₁₀浓度资料,分析一次典型冷锋天气过程兰州大气边界层结构和湍流输送特征及其与PM₁₀浓度的关系。结果表明：冷锋过境前边界层有逆温层出现。随着锋面过境,逆温层完全被破坏、消失,混合层迅速发展,边界层低层温度和湿度垂直梯度变得很小,风速垂直梯度则明显增大;PM₁₀浓度先升后降。冷锋过境时垂直湍流输送强烈,经向和纬向动量均向下输送。动量下传使地表尘沙大量扬起,造成冷锋过境初期颗粒物浓度骤升。     

Wind tunnel experiments on dust emissions from different landform types

The measurement and assessment of dust emissions from different landforms are important to understand the atmospheric loading of PM10(particulate matter ≤10 μm aerodynamic diameter) and to assess natural sources of dust; however, the methodology and technique for determining the dust still present significant research challenges. In the past, specialized field observation and field wind tunnel studies have been used to understand the dust emission. A series of wind tunnel tests were carried out to identify natural sources of dust and measure the magnitudes of dust emissions from different landforms. The method used in this study allowed the measurement of the PM10 emission rate using a laboratory based environmental boundary layer wind tunnel. Results indicated that PM10 emissions demonstrated strong temporal variation and were primarily driven by aerodynamic entrainment. Sand dunes, playa, and alluvial fans had the largest dust emission rates(0.8–5.4 mg/(m~2·s)) while sandy gravel, Gobi desert and abandoned lands had the lowest emission rates(0.003–0.126 mg/(m~2·s)). Dust emissions were heavily dependent on the surface conditions, especially the availability of loose surface dust. High dust emissions were a result of the availability of dustparticle materials for entrainment while low dust emissions were a result of surface crusts and gravel cover. Soil surface property(surface crusts and gravel cover) plays an important role in controlling the availability of dust-sized particles for entrainment. The dust emission rate depended not only on the surface conditions but also on the friction velocity. The emission rate of PM10 varies as a power function of the friction velocity. Although dynamic abrasion processes have a strong influence on the amount of dust entrainment, aerodynamic entrainment may provide an important mechanism for dust emissions. Large volumes of dust entrained by aerodynamic entrainment cannot only occur at low shear velocity without saltation, but may dominate the entrainment process in many arid and semi-arid environments. So it may also be responsible for large magnitude dust storms. Playa and alluvial fan landforms, prior to developing a surface crust, may be the main sources of dust storms in Qinghai Province.     

Spatial and temporal gradients in the rate of dust deposition and aerosol optical thickness in southwestern Iran

The southwestern Iran is one of the regions that are most prone to dust events.The objective of this study is the analysis of the spatial and temporal distributions of dust deposition rate as a key factor for finding the relative impact of the dust.First,the monthly mean aerosol optical thickness(AOT)from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)was analyzed and compared with the dust amount variations from ground deposition rate(GDR),and the results were further used to investigate the spatial and temporal distributions of dust events in southwestern Iran for the period between 2014 and 2015.Moving air mass trajectories,using the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory(HYSPLIT)model,were proven to be a discriminator of their local and regional origin.The results from GDR analysis produced a correlation coefficient between dust event history and deposition rates at dust magnitudes of>0.93 that is meaningful at the 95%confidence level.Furthermore,the deposition rates varied from 3 g/m2 per month in summer to 10 g/m2 per month in spring and gave insight into the transport direction of the dust.Within the same time series,AOT correspondences with MODIS on Terra in four aerosol thickness layers(clean,thin,thick,and strong thick)were shown in relation to each other.The deepest mixed layers were observed in spring and summer with a thickness of approximately 3500 m above ground level in the study area.Investigations of ground-based observations were correlated with the same variations for each aerosol thickness layer from MODIS images and they can be applied to discriminate layers of aeolian dust from layers of other aerosols.Together,dust distribution plots from AOT participated to enhance mass calculations and estimation deposition rates from the thick and strong thick aerosol thickness layers using the results from GDR.Despite all the advances of AOT,under certain circumstances,ground-based observations are better able to represent aerosol conditions over the study area,which were tested in southwestern Iran,even though the low number of observations is a commonly acknowledged drawback of GDR.     

策勒绿洲-荒漠过渡带风沙前沿近地表沙尘水平通量观测

沙漠地区近地表水平输送的沙尘物质通量及其随高度的变化是沙尘输送过程的重要表现特征。在塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘策勒绿洲-荒漠过渡带风沙前沿平坦沙地的风沙观测场,利用BSNE集沙仪对近地表（2 m）不同高度沙尘物质的水平输送进行了观测,对其随高度变化特征进行了分析,并对近地表水平运动的沙尘通量进行了计算。结果表明：观测点沙尘物质的水平通量随高度的增加而减小,与高度的关系可用幂函数和指数函数表示;55%～58%的沙尘量在地表0.5 m高度以内传输;73%～75%在地表1 m高度以内传输;87%～89%在地表1.5 m高度以内传输;2010年5月25日至2011年5月24日,通过0～2 m高度的单宽总输沙量为1 846.7 kg•m^-1;其中PM80、PM50的输送量分别为1 192.0 kg•m^-1、387.9 kg•m^-1。