猪魏氏梭菌病的病原分离及其鉴定

对延吉市某养殖场送检的病料,通过细菌的涂片检查、分离培养、生化培养、菌型鉴定与动物实验的方法;涂片镜检可见两端钝圆,短粗的革兰氏阳性杆菌。厌氧条件下分离培养,可见凸起,边缘整齐,圆形菌落。在含铁牛乳培养基中呈爆烈发酵现象,综合上述特点,结合临床诊断,确定为魏氏梭菌病。为确定致死动物的菌型,进一步做毒素中和试验,定型为A型魏氏梭菌。     

羊溶血性曼氏杆菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

对陕西省关中某奶山羊养殖场呼吸道症状引发死亡的羔羊进行病原检测.无菌采集死亡羔羊肺脏组织接种50 mL/L绵羊血琼脂平板,分别置于恒温培养箱与厌氧培养箱中36℃±1℃培养24 h,厌氧培养平板无菌生长,恒温培养血平板上可见大量溶血的灰白色、半透明的圆形菌落,挑取单菌落纯化培养后对分离株进行染色镜检、生化鉴定、16S r...     

选择性培养基结合特异引物法分离鉴定家兔肠道脆弱拟杆菌

脆弱拟杆菌作为严格厌氧菌,对培养环境要求苛刻,分离培养有较大难度。试验通过改进的选择性培养结合特异引物方法分离兔源脆弱拟杆菌,并利用16srDNA测序对其进行鉴定,为后续研究其与宿主关系奠定基础。试验从健康青年家兔肠道中采集内容物,先接种于含液态选择性培养基的厌氧管中,进行富集培养1~2d,然后将培养的菌液稀释后接种到选择性培养基平板上,于厌氧罐中培养1~3d,待长出菌落后,观察菌落形态,挑选符合脆弱拟杆菌菌落特点的单一菌落,培养后提取DNA,以脆弱拟杆菌特异引物进行PCR检测。对扩增出特异条带的菌株,扩增其16srDNA序列,并进行测序,测序结果与GenBank中脆弱拟杆菌序列进行比对,以鉴定分离的菌株。结果表明,细菌为大小不一的杆菌,革兰氏染色呈阴性。特异引物PCR产物电泳检测显示,挑取的27株单一菌落中,有7株可以扩增出符合目的片段大小的产物。随机选取两株进行16srDNA测序,其序列与GenBank中的递交的脆弱拟杆菌序列相似度大于99%,与其他细菌相似度均小于93.43%,可确定分离到的菌株为脆弱拟杆菌。     

从麻雀体内分出多杀性巴氏杆菌

1979年10月25日,我们从自然界捕捉后被摔死麻雀的心、肝、脾获得纯培养的多杀性巴氏杆菌,现将鉴定结果报告于后。一、菌落:该菌在Hb琼脂平板上生长良好,肉眼观察菌落似露珠状,边缘圆整,表面光滑,呈淡天蓝色。在生物实体解剖镜45°折光下观察菌落上部呈橘黄色,边缘有     

A型产气荚膜梭菌致奶牛腹泻的诊断与防制

20 0 1年 8～ 9月 ,江苏某奶牛场奶牛陆续发生腹泻 ,采用氟哌酸治疗一段时间之后 ,收效甚微 ,因而怀疑为由产气荚膜梭菌所致的腹泻 ,遂对其进行了实验室诊断和药敏试验 ,并采取了相应的措施 ,取得了较好的效果。现将内容报告如下。1　病料采集与细菌分离从发病奶牛群中随机采集病牛新鲜排粪 1 2份 ,用灭菌生理盐水做 1∶ 1稀释后 ,用酪蛋白 -硫酸亚铁 -环丝氨酸琼脂 ( TSC,购自德国 Merck公司 )平板划线分离 ,置厌氧培养罐 (购自 Merck公司 ) 37℃培养 2 4 h,TSC琼脂平板上长出多量疑似菌落 ,菌落形态为圆形、突起、边缘整齐、表面湿润…     

中国黄牛瘤胃厌氧真菌的分离纯化及形态学初步观察

利用严格厌氧技术，将黄牛的瘤胃液体外厌氧培养并分离纯化。经过普通光学显微镜、相差显微镜、扫描电镜、透射扫描电镜对瘤胃厌氧真菌的孢子形态和运动状态、孢子囊形态、菌落和菌丝体形态等进行微生物学观察，并分离纯化出三种类似于Ｎｅｏｃａｌｌｉｍａｓｔｉｘ（Ｎ型菌）、Ｐｉｒｏｍｙｃｅｓ（Ｐ型菌）以及Ｓｐｈａｅｒｏｍｏｎａｓ（Ｓｐ型菌）属的瘤胃厌氧真菌。     

猪李氏杆菌病的药敏试验

猪李氏杆菌病发病率低,病死率高,经常给养猪业造成很大的经济损失。药物防治是控制本病的重要手段,而该菌易产生耐药性,这就给该病的诊断和防治带来一定困难。因此,猪场进行猪李氏杆菌病的药敏试验,对该病诊断和防治提供重要理论依据具有重要意义。1试验方法1.1病原的分离培养无菌取心、肝、肺、脾、淋巴结和脑等组织,分别接种于普通琼脂、鲜血琼脂、麦康凯琼脂平板培养基上,37℃需氧培养24h,观察生长情况：该菌在鲜血平板上菌落呈淡灰色、细小、透明、光滑、边缘整齐，并有窄窄的β型溶血环；在普通培养基上培养24h后，可形成直径为0．15～1．00mm、圆形、灰色、透明、边缘整齐的菌落，菌落较小，生长缓慢，呈乳白色、圆点状；在麦康凯琼脂培养基上，形成针尖大小、无色、透明菌落。钓取单个菌落再进行纯培养。     

魏氏梭菌引起肉鸡坏疽性皮炎

我县某鸡场饲养的一批红波罗肉鸡于20日龄时发生以头部、颈部、腹部和腿部皮下肿胀为特征的疾病,病鸡常因头部肿胀而不能采食,呆立不动。揭开羽毛可发现肿胀处均有创伤,一般伤口已是痂,伤口周围皮肤肿胀、变色。剪开肿胀处皮肤、皮下见有水肿、出血。无菌采集肿胀处的皮下渗出物,接种血琼脂斜面,37℃厌氧培养24小时后,长出边缘不整的较大菌落,菌落周围呈β型溶血。以典型菌落涂片,为革兰氏阳性菌。细菌多呈2个或3个排列,有芽胞,多数位于菌体近端,少数位于菌体中央。分离菌能分解葡萄糖、乳糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖,不发酵水杨苷和甘露醇,硝酸盐还原阳性,不产生靛基质,化氢阳性,尿素酶阴性,过氧化物酶阴性,液化明胶,无运动力。将本菌37℃培养24小时的肝片肉汤##原图像不清晰     

一株干酪乳杆菌的分离鉴定及生物学特性研究

本研究旨在分离既能用于微生态制剂又能用于青贮饲料发酵剂的优良乳酸菌,采集规模化牛场青贮饲料,取梯度稀释液涂布MRS平板,进行厌氧培养,筛选优势菌株,观察其菌落形态,并进行生化试验和特异性PCR鉴定。研究自筛乳酸菌的生长曲线、产酸曲线、培养温度及培养基初始pH对菌株生长的影响,并研究其抑菌特性、药物敏感性和安全性。试验筛选到1株菌落形态圆形、边缘整齐、表面光滑、乳白色、镜检为革兰氏阳性的无芽孢杆菌。生化结果显示,分离菌株可厌氧生长,运动性试验、过氧化氢酶试验、硝酸盐还原试验、明胶液化试验、吲哚试验结果均为阴性,15种糖醇发酵试验结果符合干酪乳杆菌生化特征。用干酪乳酸杆菌特异性引物对菌株进行PCR鉴定,琼脂糖凝胶电泳结果显示在727 bp处出现特异性扩增条带,与生化鉴定结果相符,将分离菌株命名为RS1。RS1在0~4 h时发酵液pH变化不明显,处于生长延迟期;4~16 h时发酵液pH下降较快,进入对数生长期;16~36 h时发酵液pH下降缓慢,进入稳定期。RS1在培养温度为20~50 ℃范围内均能生长,适宜生长温度为25~40 ℃;在培养液初始pH 1.0~9.0条件下均能生长,最适pH为6.0~8.0;对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈直径为23 mm,对大肠杆菌的抑菌圈直径为17 mm;对恩诺沙星和头孢他啶耐药;经14 d灌服小鼠生长状况良好。上述结果表明,本试验筛选到的干酪乳杆菌RS1安全、无致病性,在微生态制剂及生物饲料添加剂领域具有潜在的开发价值。     

奶牛葡萄球菌病的诊治

１临床症状患牛右侧脸部肿大，并且肿大蔓延到左侧脸。患病后牛流鼻涕（涕多且浓），流涎，呼吸困难，厌食或拒食，体温为３９．８℃。２病理变化肿大部位肌肉溃烂化脓，其鼻梁骨组织变疏散。组织切片可见慢性化脓性坏死及邻接其它软组织炎。３病原分离及鉴定３．１从肿胀部位剪下化脓组织，挑起脓汁，按常规方法分别接种于３７℃琼脂和血液琼脂。３７℃琼脂培养２４h，形成圆形凸起、光滑、湿润、不透明、边缘整齐的小菌落，在室温放置２d后，可见金色菌落。接种在血液琼脂上，进行需氧和厌氧培养，血液培养基上长出圆而隆起、光滑、湿润、…     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein     

Avian brood parasitism — a growing research area in behavioral ecology (part Ⅱ)

正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -