Inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation by a synthetic peptide homologous to retroviral envelope proteins

The retroviral transmembrane envelope protein p15E is immunosuppressive in that it inhibits immune responses of lymphocytes, monocytes, and macrophages. A region of p15E has been conserved among murine and feline retroviruses; a homologous region is also found in the transmembrane envelope proteins of the human retroviruses HTLV-I and HTLV-II and in a putative envelope protein encoded by an endogenous C-type human retroviral DNA. A peptide (CKS-17) was synthesized to correspond to this region of homology and was examined for its effects on lymphocyte proliferation. CKS-17 inhibited the proliferation of an interleukin-2-dependent murine cytotoxic T-cell line as well as alloantigen-stimulated proliferation of murine and human lymphocytes. Four other peptides, representing different regions of virus proteins, were inactive. These results suggest that the immunosuppressive portion of retroviral transmembrane envelope proteins may reside, at least in part, in a-conserved sequence represented by the CKS-17 peptide.     

Inhibition of serum- and ras-stimulated DNA synthesis by antibodies to phospholipase C

Several immunologically distinct isozymes of inositol phospholipid-specific phospholipase C (PLC) have been purified from bovine brain. Murine NIH 3T3 fibroblasts were found to express PLC-gamma, but the expression of PLC-beta was barely detectable by radioimmunoassay or protein immunoblot. A mixture of monoclonal antibodies was identified that neutralizes the biological activity of both endogenous and injected purified PLC-gamma. When co-injected with oncogenic Ras protein or PLC-gamma, this mixture of antibodies inhibited the induction of DNA synthesis that characteristically results from the injection of these proteins into quiescent 3T3 cells. However, when oncogenic Ras protein or PLC-gamma was co-injected with a neutralizing monoclonal antibody to Ras, only the DNA synthesis induced by the Ras protein was inhibited--that induced by PLC was unaffected. These results suggest that the Ras protein is an upstream effector of PLC activity in phosphoinositide-specific signal transduction and that PLC-gamma activity is necessary for Ras-mediated induction of DNA synthesis.     

Tissue factor (thromboplastin): localization to plasma membranes by peroxidase-conjugated antibodies

Peroxidase-conjugated antibodies were used to determine the histologic and cytologic localization of bovine and human tissue factor (thromboplastin). Tissue factor antigen was found in highest concentration in the intima of blood vessels, particularly in the plasma membranes of endothelial cells and in human atheromatous plaques. Tissue factor was also found limited to the plasma membranes of many cell types. The presence of tissue factor in the plasma membranes of endothelial cells and atheromata suggests that it may play a significant role in hemostasis and thrombosis.     

Inhibition of entry of HIV-1 in neural cell lines by antibodies against galactosyl ceramide.

Although the CD4 molecule is the principal cellular receptor for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), several CD4-negative cell lines are susceptible to infection with one or more HIV strains. These findings indicate that there are alternate modes of viral entry, perhaps involving one or more receptor molecules. Antibodies against galactosyl ceramide (galactocerebroside, or GalC) inhibited viral internalization and infection in two CD4-negative cell lines derived from the nervous system: U373-MG and SK-N-MC. Furthermore, recombinant HIV surface glycoprotein gp120 bound to GalC but not to other glycolipids. These results suggest a role for GalC or a highly related molecule in HIV entry into neural cells.     

不同培养料的双孢蘑菇多酚氧化酶活性抑制研究

为解决双孢蘑菇保鲜和加工中的褐变问题,以邻苯二酚(C6H602)为底物,分析了不同培养料栽培的双孢蘑菇中多酚氧化酶(PPO)的动力学特性。结果表明,蘑菇PPO活力最低的条件为：pH2．0,温度40℃,褐变抑制剂VC浓度0．09％。用均匀设计回归分析程序拟合的不同培养料蘑菇PPO活力与pH值、温度和褐变抑制剂VC浓度间关系的数学方程,置信水平大于95％。     

Tick anticoagulant peptide (TAP) is a novel inhibitor of blood coagulation factor Xa

A low molecular weight serine protease inhibitor (TAP) was purified from extracts of the soft tick, Ornithodoros moubata. The peptide is a slow, tight-binding inhibitor, specific for factor Xa (Ki = 0.588 +/- 0.054 nM). The inhibitor also acts as an anticoagulant in several human plasma clotting assays in vitro. Its amino acid sequence (60 residues) has limited homology to the Kunitz-type inhibitors. However, unlike other inhibitors of this class, TAP inhibits only factor Xa. It had no effect at a 300-fold molar excess on factor VIIa, kallikrein, trypsin, chymotrypsin, thrombin, urokinase, plasmin, tissue plasminogen activator, elastase, or Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease. TAP's specificity and size suggest that it may have therapeutic value as an anticoagulant.     

抗菌肽Dermaseptin S4体外抑制猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征病毒的活性

探讨抗菌肽Dermaseptin S4(DS4)体外对猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征病毒(PRRSV)的抑制作用,为研制抗PRRSV病毒药物提供理论依据.该研究以Marc-145细胞培养增殖的PRRSV为研究对象,采用不同的给药方式(同时、感染前、感染后),运用噻唑篮(MTT)比色法观察细胞病变,测定最大无毒浓度TC0和半数细胞感染量(TCID50),以吸光度值(OD490nm)、细胞存活率和DS4对PRRSV的抑制率为指标,确定DS4对PRRSV的抑制强度.结果表明:抗菌肽Dermaseptin S4体外对PRRSV的直接灭活效果最好,与药物拉米夫定对照组相当,且抑制强度与其浓度呈显著正相关,R2=0.998 3.     

低氧条件对锈赤扁谷盗卵孵化的抑制作用

研究了在培养箱温度30℃、相对湿度75%条件下,锈赤扁谷盗Cryptolestes ferrugineus(Stephens)卵暴露在低氧环境中的孵化情况。暴露192 h后,5%、6%、7%、8%、10%和21%(V/V)氧气浓度环境中的锈赤扁谷盗卵孵化率分别为0%、0%、7.1%、47.1%、76.7%和89.6%,此结果表明在30℃下低氧条件对锈赤扁谷盗卵的孵化有显著抑制作用,且氧气浓度越低,其抑制作用越强,其中6%及以下低氧浓度环境中锈赤扁谷盗卵无法完成孵化。     

Inhibition of tumor promotion by a biomimetic superoxide dismutase

A low molecular weight, lipophilic, copper coordination complex with superoxide dismutase-mimetic activity inhibited biochemical and biological actions of a tumor promoter in mouse epidermis. Such inhibitory effects implicate reactive oxygen species in the tumor promotion process.     

重叠区扩增法合成抗菌肽B基因

人工设计并合成了抗菌肽 B基因的 4个寡聚核苷酸片段 ,通过重叠区扩增法 ,扩增出了相当于抗菌肽基因全长的寡聚核苷酸片段。经克隆测序 ,证明成功地实现了抗菌肽基因的人工合成、拼接和克隆。     

杀虫单对二化螟谷胱甘肽转移酶（GSTs）的抑制作用

以二化螟为材料研究了杀虫单、甲胺磷和顺丁烯二酸二乙酯 (DEM)对谷胱甘肽转移酶 (GSTs)的抑制作用。离体抑制试验结果表明 ,杀虫单和DEM都对二化螟GSTs活性有强烈的抑制作用 ,在实验设置的反应体系中 ,2 5mmol·L-1杀虫单和DEM与酶液保温 2min后 ,对GSTs的抑制率达到 70 %以上 ;6min后 ,达到 90 %以上。杀虫单和DEM的抑制中浓度 (IC50 )分别是 1 33和 1 71mmol·L-1,而甲胺磷没有抑制作用。活体实验结果显示 ,用 0 1mol·L-1杀虫单、甲胺磷和DEM 0 0 5 μL分别处理二化螟 4龄幼虫 48h后 ,杀虫单和DEM对GSTs活性的抑制率分别达 10 3%和 14 5 % ,甲胺磷则表现出 8 6 %的诱导作用。酶动力学实验显示 ,杀虫单和DEM都是GSTs的可逆性抑制剂 ,这种抑制作用不是竞争性的。由此表明 ,杀虫单是GSTs的强抑制剂 ,这在杀虫单的毒杀机制中具有重要的意义。     

Inhibition of a class C beta-lactamase by a specific phosphonate monoester

A phosphonate monoester, m-carboxyphenyl phenylacetamidomethylphosphonate, has been found to be a specific inhibitor of the class C beta-lactamase of Enterobacter cloacae P99. Inactivation is rapid (10(3) per second per molar concentration) and reactivation very slow (2.2 X 10(-6) per second). Apparently concerted with the inactivation, one equivalent (with respect to the enzyme) of m-hydroxybenzoate is released. Reactivation is accelerated by hydroxylamine and benzohydroxamate. This suggests that the loss of enzyme activity is due to phosphonylation of an active site functional group. This discovery holds the promise of a new general class of beta-lactamase inhibitors and, perhaps, antibiotics.     

17种杀菌剂对桃细菌性穿孔病的抑菌作用

采用抑茵圈法测定17种杀菌剂对桃细菌性穿孔病菌的毒力,结果表明：链霉素和春雷霉素的毒力最高,其EC50分别为27．5193g／L和17．2010g／L;链霉素和春雷霉素对桃细菌性穿孔病菌的联合毒力测定,两药以6：1混配,具有增效作用;抑菌谱试验发现该混剂对6种病原茵也有很好的抑制作用。     

Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-I) antibodies in Africa

Antibodies specific for human T-cell leukemia-lymphoma virus type I (HTLV-I) were demonstrated in serum samples from various groups of people in South Africa, Uganda, Ghana, Nigeria, Tunisia, and Egypt. The samples had been collected for other purposes and were presumably selected without bias toward clinical conditions associated with HTLV infections. Regional differences in antibody positivity were observed, indicating widely distributed loci of occurrence of HTLV on the African continent in people of both black and white ancestry. Two patients with high titers of antibody to HTLV-I had some signs of adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma. In several groups a high frequency of false positive serum reactions was indicated when specific confirmation steps were included in the assay. Further characterization of these sera revealed highly elevated immunoglobulin levels, possibly due to polyclonal activation of immunoglobulin synthesis in these subjects. The possibility that related cross-reactive human retroviruses coexist in the same groups was not eliminated.     

凡纳滨对虾在微囊藻毒素(MC-LR)诱导下3种抗菌肽基因的表达量分析

蓝藻水华可产生大量藻毒素,其中以微囊藻毒素危害最大。研究表明微囊藻毒素可影响包括虾类在内的多种水生生物的生长和繁殖,亦可导致虾类免疫系统受损。本研究通过实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)技术检测了在微囊藻毒素MC-LR作用下,凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)体液免疫中3种主要的抗菌肽基因(Penaeidin 3、Crustin和ALF)的表达量变化情况,发现Penaeidin 3和ALF受到MC-LR影响较大,Crustin基因表达量虽有所上调,但变化不大。同时,通过再次注射鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)对3种抗菌肽在MC-LR影响下抗菌能力的检测,发现3种抗菌肽表现出相对一致的变化,即表达量均在前期下调,4 h后逐渐上调,在MC-LR处理组中的表达量低于对照组的趋势。结果表明MC-LR可能通过直接或间接的方式影响对虾3种抗菌肽基因的表达,对免疫系统造成损伤,致使对虾抗病能力减弱;这一结果表明,长期发生铜绿微囊藻水华的虾池对虾存活率下降,可能与微囊藻毒素影响对虾抗菌肽基因的表达有关。     

Protection of cattle against foot-and-mouth disease by a synthetic peptide

A chemically synthesized peptide consisting essentially of two separate regions (residues 141 to 158 and 200 to 213) of a virus coat protein (VP1) from the O1 Kaufbeuren strain of foot-and-mouth disease virus was prepared free of any carrier protein. It elicited high levels of neutralizing antibody and protected cattle against intradermolingual challenge by inoculation with infectious virus. Comparative evaluation of this peptide with a single-site peptide (residues 141 to 158) in guinea pigs suggests the importance of the VP1 carboxyl terminal residues in enhancing the protective response.